Transcript V.K. MITTAL SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (E)

ENERGY CONSERVATION
IN
EXISTING BUILDINGS
IN PRACTICE
V.K. MITTAL
SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (E)
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
NEW DELHI
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
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PREMIER CONSTRUCTION AGENCY OF GOVT. OF INDIA.
MORE THAN 150 YEARS OLD.
ALL INDIA PRESENCE.
MULTIPLICITY OF WORKS.
STRONG TECHNICAL BASE
ARCHITECTURAL, CIVIL, ELECTRICAL & HORTICULTURE
WINGS.
CODES, SPECIFICATIONS & SCHEDULES WIDELY
FOLLOWED BY OTHER GOVT. DEPARTMENTS,
AUTONOMOUS BODIES, CONSULTANTS.
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
PRIMARY FUNCTIONS.
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CONSTRUCTION & MAINTAINANCE OF GOVT.
RESIDENTIAL
AND
NON-RESIDENTIAL
BUILDINGS THROUGH OUT THE COUNTRY.
MAINTAIN LARGE NUMBER OF PROMINENT
BUILDINGS IN DELHI.
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PRESIDENT HOUSE, PARLIAMENT HOUSE.
SOUTH BLOCK, NORTH BLOCK.
VIGYAN BHAWAN, SUPREME COURT.
MOST OF THE MINISTRIES OF GOVT. OF INDIA
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
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A RESPONSIBLE DEPARTMENT OF GOVT. OF INDIA.
TOOK INITIATIVE TO IMPLEMENT ENERGY CONSERVATION
IN GOVT. BUILDINGS.
ENERGY AUDIT OF A LARGE NUMBER OF BUILDINGS
CONDUCTED IN 3 PHASES.
PHASE – I
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PRESIDENT HOUSE
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PMO
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SHARAM SHAKTI BHAWAN & TRANSPORT
BHAWAN.
PHASE – II
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PARLIAMENT
HOUSE,
NORTH
BLOCK,
SOUTH
BLOCK,
UDYOG
BHAWAN,
KRISHI
BHAWAN,
SHASTRI
BHAWAN,
NIRMAN BHAWAN, VIGYAN BHAWAN, SUPREME
COURT
CENTRAL GOVT. HOSPITALS ETC.
PHASE – III
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UPSC, NAGMA, AGCR, CAG,
NIRVACHAN SADAN JANPATH ETC.
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION IN COMMERCIAL SECTOR.
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ACCOUNTS FOR ABOUT 8% OF TOTAL ELECTRICITY
SUPPLIED BY UTILITIES.
ANNUAL INCREASE 11-12%.
AVERAGE ELECTRICITY GROWTH IN ECONOMY 5-6%.
ANNUAL INCREASE ON ACCOUNT OF.
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NEW BUILDINGS.
INCREAS IN ENERGY INTENCITY OF EXISTING BUILDINGS.
STUDY OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF EXISTING
BUILDINGS INDICATE 5-10% GROWTH.
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
COMMON SERVICES .
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LIGHTING
AIR-CONDITIONING, HEATING, VENTILATION.
ELEVATORS.
WATER SUPPLY (PUMPS).
WATER HEATING (WINTER).
COMPUTERS.
PHOTO COPIERS.
MISC OFFICE APPLIANCES.
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
SOURCES OF POWER
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LOCAL SUPPLY COMPANY (UTILITIES)
DIESEL GENERATING SETS (STAND BY)
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
COST OF POWER
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LOCAL SUPPLY – RS. 5/- TO RS. 6/- PER UNIT (KWH).
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DG SET SUPPLY – RS. 12/- TO RS. 14/- PER UNIT.
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF POWER
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RECEIVE - AT 11 KV.
STEP DOWN TRANSFORMERS - 11 KV/415V.
DISTRIBUTION TO VARIOUS LOAD THROUGH
LT PANEL & NETWORK OF UG CABLE AND RISING
MAINS
METERING AT 11 KV.
BOTH KWH AND KVAH METERING.
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
METERED ENERGY
=
CONSUMPTION IN SERVICES.
+
LOSSES IN DISTRIBUTION
(TRANSFORMERS + UG CABLE + PANELS)
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
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CONSUMPTION IN SERVICES
= INPUT POWER x TIME
INPUT POWER
= LOAD DEMAND / EFFICIENCY
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
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FOR BEST RESULTS
REDUCE CONNECTED LOAD
REDUCE TIME
IMPROVE EFFICIENCY
REDUCE LOSSES IN DISTRIBUTION.
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
BASIC FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
OF
ENERGY – CONSERVATION
TURN ‘ON’
 AS LATE AS POSSIBLE
 ONLY AS MUCH AS REQUIRED
 ONLY WHEN REQUIRED
 ONLY WHERE REQUIRED.
TURN ‘OFF’ AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE
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OPTIMIZE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES SUCH AS DAYLIGHT, SOLAR
ENERGY, FRESH –AIR.
PREVENT WASTAGE / LEAKAGE (WATER, AIR).
OPTIMIZE REQUIREMENT (SPACE, LUX-LEVEL, TEMP, WATER).
USE DIFFERENT SPACE FOR DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS - WORKING
ALONE OR MEETING FEW PERSONS, HOLDING LARGE MEETING,
HAVING LUNCH /RELAXING.
REDUCE REQUIREMENT BY REDUCING HEAT GAIN / HEAT LOSS
INFILTRATION / EX-FILTRATION (BUILDING ENVELOPE).
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
REDUCTION IN LIGHTING LOAD
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USE DAY LIGHT
USE ENERGY EFFICIENT LAMPS & BALLAST.
ISTALL LIGHTING CONTROL
OCCUPANCY CENSORS.
MOTION CENSOR.
FIXTURES INSTALLED IN DAY LIGHT AREA
PHOTO SENSOR.
TASK LIGHTING.
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
ADVANTAGES OF DAY LIGHT
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REDUCTION IN POWER BILL.
REDUCTION IN LAMP REPLACEMENT COST.
REDUCTION IN MAINTAINANCE COST.
REDUCTION IN AIR-CONDITIONING LOAD
WHICH WILL FURTHER REDUCE POWER
CONSUMPTION.
INCREASED PRODUCIVITY BY 16%
COMPARISION OF
FLTYPE
FEATURES
LAMP WATTAGE
LAMP DIA (M.M)
LUMENS OUT PUT
EFFICACY
(Lm/W)
CRI
RATED LIFE
(BURNING HOURS)
CONTROL GEAR
CHOKE WATTAGE
TOTAL SYSTEM WATTAGE
POOR FACTOR
SYSTEM VA
CRI- COLOUR RENDERING INDEX
SUN CRI - 100
FL
LAMPS
T-12
T5
40
38
2400
28
16
2900
60
65
5000
104
72
20,000
EM-ECG
13-15
53-55W
06
90
ECG
2
30W.
0.95
30
COMPARISION OF T5& T-12 LAMPS
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POWER CONSUMPTION OF T- 12 LAMP
WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC BALLAST=40+15= 55W
POWER CONSUMPTION OF T- 5 LAMP
WITH ELECTRONIC BALLAST.
= 30 W
DIFFERENCE IN POWER CONSUMPTOIN
= 25 W
SAVING IN ONE YEAR ON ACCOUNT OF
REPLACEMENT OF T-12 BY T-5
NORMAL OFFICE WITH 10 HRS.WORKING
= 250X10X25 X Rs. 6.5
= Rs. 406.
ROUND THE CLOCK THROUGH OUT THE YEAR
= 365X24X25 X Rs. 6.5
=Rs.1423.50
POWER FACTOR
REASONS OF POOR POWER FACTOR
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INDUCTIVE LOAD LIKE MOTORS (LIFTS, A.C. PLANT,
PUMP MOTORS)
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FL/DISCHARGE LAMPS WITHOUT CAPACITORS.
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UPS/INVERTERS.
POWER FACTOR
SOLUTION
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INSTALL CAPACITOR BANKS (APFC) WITH EVERY
TRASFORMER IF BULK LOAD LIKE A/C PLANT IS
CLOSE TO SUB-STATION.
INSTALL CAPACITOR BANK WITH LOAD (LIKE A/C
PLANT) IF LOAD IS FAR AWAY FROM SUBSTATION.
POWER FACTOR
WHY POOR PF
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CAPACITOR BANK NOT INSTALLED.
CAPACITOR BANK INSTALLED BUT OF
INADEQATE RATING.
CAPACITOR BANK NOT MAINTAINED.
CAPACITOR BANK SWITCHED OFF TO
AVOIDE NOISE.
POWER FACTOR
COMPARISION AT VARIOUS PF VALUES
TRANSFORMER RATIO : 11KV /415V.
LOAD =
1000 KW
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PF
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=
0.7
0.8
0.95
KVA =
1428
1250
1052
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LT SIDE CURRENT
1987
1739
1464
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HT SIDE CURRENT
75
65
55
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CURRENT RATIO
1.36
1.18
1
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COPPER LOSS(IR)
1.85
1.40
1
POWER FACTOR
MAX LOAD AT VARIOUS PF
 TRANSFORMER
- 1000 KVA
 PF
MAX LOAD
% INCREASE
 0.7
700 KW
 0.8
800 KW
14%
 0.95
950 KW
36%
TRANSFORMERS
SAVING IN REDUCTION IN LOSS
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REDUCTION IN LOSS
TRANSFORMER USE
LIFE
REDUCTION IN LOSSES
IN LIFE CYCLE
= 1 KW
= ROUND THE CLOCK
= 20YEARS.
= 365X24X20X1KWH
= 1,75,200 KWH
COST SAVING @ RS. 6.50 PER UNIT
FOR 20YRS.
= RS. 11,37,500/PER YEAR.
= Rs. 56875/PER MONTH
= Rs. 4740/-
EFFECT OF VOLTAGE
LIGHT FIXTURES
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COMPARISION OF 3 PHASE AND 1 PHASE VOLTAGE.
SINGLE PHASE
THREE PHASE
200
346
210
364
220
381
230
398
240
415
250
433
LIGHT FIXTURES ARE RATED – 210-220V.
VOLTAGE REDUCTION 1% WILL SAVE 1.1% ENERGY IN LIGHTING SYSTEM.
MAINTAIN VOLTAGE – 380-390V 3 PHASE FOR LIGHTING SYSTEM
LOAD MANAGEMENT
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MAINTAN POWER FACTOR = 0.98-0.99.
LOAD TRANSFORMERS
= 50 to 55%.
SWITCH OFF TRANSFORMERS BEYOND
OFFICE HOURS.
USE MINIMUM TRANSFORMERS DURING
WINTER.
KEEP THREE PHASE LOAD BALANCED.
LIGHT AND FAN
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SWITCH ON ONLY WHEN REQURED.
ENCOURAGE USE OF DAY LIGHT.
USE ENERGY EFFICIENT LAMP & BALLAST.
MAINTAIN DESIRED LUX LEVEL.
MAINTAIN VOLTAGE BETWEEN 210-220V
SWITCH OFF ALTERNATE LIGHTS IN CORRIDORS.
PROVIDE TASK LIGHT.
USE ELECTRONIC REGULATORS IN PLACE OF
RESISTANCE TYPE.
WINDOW – SPLIT AIR-CONDITIONER
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PROVIDE CENTRAL A/C PLANT IN PLACE OF
LARGE NUMBER OF UNITS.
REPLACE OLD AND INEFFICIENT UNITS.
PROPER MAINTAINANCE
SWITCH OFF WHEN ROOM NOT IN USE.
WATER MANAGEMENT
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PREVENT WATER LOSS.
REDUCE WATER USAGE
USE EFFICIENT PUMPS & MOTORS
LIFTS
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PROVIDE VVVF DRIVE
SWITCH OFF LIFTS DURING OFF PEEK
HOURS.
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT.
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ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES
ACHIEVEMENT SO FAR.
SN. NAME OF BUILDING ENCON MEASURE IMPLEMENTED
1. PRESIDENT HOUSE
2. PMO
3. SHRAM SHAKTI BHAWAN
& TRANSPORT BHAWAN
4. NIRMAN BHAWAN
5. UDYOG BHAWAN
6. KRISHI BHAWAN
7. SHASTRI BHAWAN
8. NORTH BLOCK
9. SOUTH BLOCK
10. VIGYAN BHAWAN
11. SUPREME COURT
ACCESSED SAVING
ESCO
ESCO
16%
16%
ESCO
90%
80%
40%
25%
50%
50%
80%
40%
16%
7%
13%
10%
6%
15%
10%
3%
5%
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT.
ACHIEVEMENT IN ENERGY CONSERVATION
UDYOG BHAWAN WAS AWARDED FIRST PRIZE
OF
NATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION AWARD
BY
MINISTRY OF POWER
FOR
THE YEAR - 2008.
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORK DEPARTMENT.
ENCON MEASURES IMPLEMENTED IN UDYOG BHAWAN.
 PROVISION OF POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT PANELS.
 REPLACEMENT OF OLD OIL TYPE TRANSFORMERS BY
DRY TYPE TRANSFORMERS
 REPLACEMENT OF OLD WATER SUPPLY PUMPS OF 10 HP BY
7.5 HP PUMPS
 REPLACEMENT OF CONVENTIONAL FLUORSCENT LAMPS
(4X40W) WITH ELECTRO MAGNETIC BALLAST BY T-5 LAMP
FITTINGS.
 PROVISION OF SOLAR WATER HEATING FOR CANTEEN IN
PLACE OF ELECTRIC GEYSERS.
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT.
OUT COME OF ENCON MEASURES IMPLEMENTED IN
UDYOG BHAWAN
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2006-07
LAC KWH
2007-08
LAC KWH
ANNUAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
PURCHASED FROM UTILITIES
-
44.22
35.96
ANNUAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
THROUGH DG SET
0.146
0.471
TOTAL ANNUAL CONSUMPTION
44.36
35.91
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORK DEPARTMENT.
ENERGY CONSERVATION ON GOING MEASURES
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IMPLEMENTATION OF VARIOUS ENCON MEASURES IN
VARIOUS STAGES IN BUILDINGS.
CENTRAL AIR-CONDITIONING OF ONE FLOOR OF NIRMAN
BHAWAN.
PROVISIONS OF SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC CELLS.
PROVISIONS OF SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM IN
RESIDENCIES OF HONBLE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT AND
HONBLE MINISTERS OF GOVT. OF INDIA.
PROVISION OF CFL LAMPS IN PLACE OF INCANDESCENT
LAMP IN RESIDENCES OF HONBLE MPS AND HONBLE
MINISTERS OF GOVT. OF INDIA.
IN MARCH 09, DEPARTMENT DECIDED THAT ALL CPWD
CONSTRUCTIONS SHALL HENCEFORTH BE GREEN.
ENERGY CONSERVATION
ROAD MAP
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IN HOUSE MONITORING
AWARENESS IN END USERS
DISPLAY PLAY CARDS
REGULAR TRAINING OF MAINTAINANCE STAFF
GOOD HOUSE KEEPING
PROPER MAINTAINANCE
POST ENERGY MANAGERS
INNOVATIVE/ OUT OF BOX SOLUTION
ENERGY CONSERVATION
CASE STUDY PROMINENT BUILDING
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SANCTIONED LOAD
3500 KW
MAX DEMAND
4300 KW
DG SET BEING OPERATED 3 TO 4 HRS PER DAY TO MEET
EXCESS OVER SANCTIONED LOAD
LOAD BEING SWITCHED OFF BY ROTATION
NUMBER OF WINDOW TYPE /SPLIT TYPE AIRCONDITIONERS INSTALLED (AVERAGE 1.5 TR) - 2000 Nos.
A.Cs MORE THAN 7 YRS OLD AND
IN EFFICIENT
- 1500 Nos.
AVERAGE POWER CONSUMPTION
- 2.75 KW
(PER UNIT 1.5 TR)
CASE STUDY
ACS INSTALLED AND MAINTAINED BY DIFFERENT GOVT.
DEPARTMENTS
PROPOSED SOLUTION
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REPLACE OLD & INEFFICIENT ACS BY STAR RATED
AIR-CONDITIONERS
POWER CONSUMPTION OF STAR RATED UNIT = 2 KW
POWER SAVED PER UNIT
= 0.75 KW
POWER SAVED BY 1500 UNITS
WITH 0.9 LOAD FACTOR
= 1012 KW
CASE STUDY
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INVESTMENT
COST PER UNIT STAR RATED (1.5 TR)
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LESS SCRAP VALUE OF OLD UNIT
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NET COST PER UNIT
= RS. 17,000/-
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TOTAL INVESTMENT FOR 1500 UNITS
= RS. 255 LACS
= RS. 20,000/-
(-) = RS. 3000/-
CASE STUDY
ENERGY SAVED
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PER YEAR PER UNIT
=0.75(KW)X7(MONTHS)X22(DAYS)X9(HRS)
=1039.5 KWH
TOTAL ENERGY SAVED
(PER YEAR)
=1039.5X1500X0.9 (LOAD FACTOR)KWH.
=1403325 KWH
COST OF ENERGY SAVED
(PER YEAR)@ Rs. 5/PER KWH
=Rs.70,16,625/PAY BACK PERIOD
= LESS THAN 4 YEARS.
CASE STUDY
ADDITIONAL BENEFITS
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REDUCTION IN MAX DEMAND BY 1000 KW
NO NEED TO GET SANCTIONED LOAD ENHANCED
NO NEED TO OPERATE DG SET
NO NEED TO SWITCH OFF LOAD BY ROTATION
MORE COOLING
USER SATISFACTION
BETTER PRODUCTIVITY
CASE STUDY
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METHODOLOGY
- SELF REPLACEMENT OR ESCO
TIME
- 3-4 MONTHS
WNDOW/SPLIT AIR-CONDITIONERS
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THERE MAY BE MORE THAN 10,000 WINDOW /SPLIT
AIR-CONDITIONER WHICH ARE OLD AND
ENERGY INEFFICIENT.
IF REPLACED THE PEAK DEMAND CAN BE
REDUCED BY 7.5 MW.
ENERGY CONSERVATION
ADOPT
AS A
WAY OF LIFE
THANKS ALL OF YOU