Transcript From Atoll to Z-Sources - Chandra X

Accretion Disk Processes with
Chandra HETG
Accretion Phenomena in Accreting Neutron Stars
From atol to Z-sources
Norbert S. Schulz, L. Ji, M. Nowak
Claude R. Canizares
MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics & Space Research
T. Kallman
GSFC, Greenbelt MD
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Atoll-, Banana- and Z-sources
Schulz, Hasinger&Truemper 1989, Hasinger & van der Klis 1989
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Atoll-, Banana- and Z-sources
Schulz, Hasinger&Truemper 1989
sub-LEddington
accretion rates
super-LEddington
accretion rates
Spectral States of XTE J1701 - 462: Link Between
Z and Atoll Sources (Lin et al. 2010)
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Atoll-sources with Chandra HETG
M. Linares PhD Thesis 2009
1S 0921-63
4U 0614+091
4U 0919-54
4U 1254-690
4U 1323-619
4U 1543-62
4U 1608-52
4U 1624-49
4U 1630-47
4U 1636-53
4U 1705-44
4U 1728-34
4U 1735-44
4U 1746-37
4U 1812-12
4U 1820-39
74.7ks
200.2 ks
28.5 ks
51.6 ks
39.2 ks
37,8 ks
23,8 ks
73.7 ks
51.1 ks
110.1 ks
59.2 ks
135.3 ks
73.7 ks
41.7 ks
86.1 ks
120.0 ks
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
3
4
3
1
1
5
4U 1822-00
2.2 ks
4U 1822-37 180.4 ks
4U 1857+01
4.9 ks
EXO 0749-767 76.4 ks
GS 1826-24
164.2ks
GR 1915-11
328.4ks
Her X-1
245.0ks
4U 1730-335
28.7ks
Ser X-1
76.8ks
XB 1916-05
46.4ks
26 Atoll sources for
2.3 Msec in
69 observations
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
1
3
1
3
3
11
10
1
1
1
Accretion of Matter in X-ray Binaries
Spectral
continua
~7
8
9
10 11
log r [cm]
Photo-emission and absorption
line spectra for log Lx > 37 [erg/s]
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Accretion Disk Morphologies
OpticaLthick cool reflection
surface
Thin & hot ionization layer
Accretion disk atmosphere
Accretion disk atmosphere/
Accretion Disk Corona *ADC)
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Accretion Disk Atmospheres
Assumptions:
- energy balance between heating
by incident radiation and cooling by
recombining emission.
- uniform static corona in thermal equilibrium.
Compare:
log Lx = 38
= 37
- the deduced emission measure
n2V from the measured line luminosity
Lline=n2VaatomElineAion
with the expected one from an X-ray
heated ADC
d EM/d x = 2.5x1065x-3L382 f(R,T)
yellow:measured quantities
blue atomic data and ADC models
green: quantities to compare
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Accretion Disk Coronae
Her X-1 (Ji et al. 2008)
4U 1626-67 (Schulz et al. 2002)
2S 0921-80 (Kallman et al. 2003)
Cir X-1 (Schulz et al. 2008)
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Atoll Sources:
4U 1822-37 with Einstein
White & Holt 1982
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Atoll Sources:
4U 1822-37 with RXTE
White & Holt 1982
Heinz & Nowak 2001
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Atoll Sources:
4U 1822-37 with Chandra
Cottam et al. 2001
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Atoll Sources:
4U 1822-37 with Chandra
Ji et al. 2010
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Atoll Sources:
4U 1822-37 with Chandra
Heinz & Nowak 2001
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Atoll Sources:
4U 1822-37 with Chandra
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Atoll Sources:
4U 1822-37 with Chandra
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Atoll Sources:
4U 0614+091 with Chandra
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Atoll Sources:
4U 0614+091 with Chandra
Schulz 1999, Piraino et al. 1999, Migliari et al. 2010, Schulz et al. 2010
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Atoll Sources:
4U 0614+091 with Chandra
Madej et al. 2010
Schulz et al. 2010
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Atoll Sources:
4U 0614+091 with Chandra
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Banana-sources with Chandra HETG
GX 3+1
GX 13+1
GX 9+9
9.2 ks 1
29.9 ks 1
46.2 ks 1
GX 13+1
GX 9+9
150 ks 5
200 ks 3
3 Banana sources for
85.3 ksec in
4 observations
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Banana Sources:
GX 13+1 with Chandra
GX 13+1 (4U 1811-17) is a persistently bright
(Fx = 9x10-9 erg cm-2 s-1, NH = 1022 cm-2) LMXB
with a K5 III companion at distance of 7+/-1 kpc.
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Z-sources with Chandra HETG
Cir X-1
Cyg X-2
GX 17+2
GX 340+0
GX 349+2
GX 5-1
Sco X-1
265.4 ks
258.0 ks
79.9 ks
80.1 ks
51.1 ks
81.8 ks
15.0 ks
9
5
3
4
4
5
1
GX 349+2
130.0 ks
4
7 Z -sources for
831.8 ksec in
31 observations
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Z-source and Microquasar: Cir X-1
(Parkingson et al. 2003)
Fender et al. 2004
Possibly ultra-relativistic jet
Neutron star binary
Low/Intermediate mass companion
Accretion disk wind of 400 -2000 km/s
QuickTime™ and a
GIF decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Variable cool & hot absorbers
Suggested soft ionized absorber
7th Microquasar Workshop, Foca, Sept. 1-6, 2008
Z-sources with Chandra HETG
Church&Church 2001, 2004
Church et al. 2006, 2010
Jackson et L. 2009
Extended ADC model
Cyg X-2 like Z-tracks
Sco X-1 like Z-tracks
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Interpretation of Z-tracks with ExADCs
Church, Jackson,
& Church 2009
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Z-sources:
Cyg X-2
Low-mass X-ray Binary:
Z-source prototype
Distance: 8-12 kpc
Luminosity: >> 1037 erg/s
Companion: A9III evolved, 0.6 MSun
Binary period: 9.84 days
Compact Object: Neutron star(type I bursts)
Spectral Properties (DiSalvo et al. 2002):
Column Density: 2x1021 cm-2
Diskbb/bbody : 0.8 keV / 1.7 keV
Electron Temperature: > 3 keV
Comptoniztation (seed): 1-2 keV
Fe-K line: 6.7 keV,
42 eV EW
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Extended ADCs in Z-sources: Cyg X-2
rdisk = [0.7 -- 2.7] x1010 cm
nZ = < 1014 cm-3
nfexxv ~ 1016 cm-3
log x : 2.8 (HB) --> 3.4 (FB)
Lx : 0.6 LEdd --> 1.4 LEdd
Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010
Summary
Chandra HETG has observed 36 LMXBs (identified Atoll, Banana, and
Z-Sources) for ~ 3.2 Msec in 104 observations.
The Atoll source 4U 1822 -37 shows a thin ionization layer of ionization
parameter log x < 2.6 inferring Lx ~ 1038 erg/s;
Highly ionized Fe XXVI emission from central corona
The Atoll source 4U 0614+091 is likely of ultra-compact nature with
an accretion disk radius of a few 109 cm, probable higher Ne abundance.
It exhibits a highly variable and moderately relativistic O VIII line from
it inner disk
The Z-source Cyg X-2 exhibits broad line emission indicating the presence
of an extended (r~1010 cm) ADC . Line fluxes indicate ADC heating from
HB --> NB --> FB from sub- to super Eddington luminosities,