Molecular Compounds

SNC2D

Molecular Compounds

Sometimes non-metals don’t borrow electrons from metals to fill their last shell; instead, they get together and ?

Molecular Compounds

Sometimes non-metals don’t borrow electrons from metals to fill their last shell; instead, they get together and share their electrons.

Molecular Compounds

Since they are sharing valence electrons, the bond formed between the atoms is called ?

Molecular Compounds

Since they are sharing valence electrons, the bond formed between the atoms is called covalent.

Molecular Compounds

Since they are sharing valence electrons, the bond formed between the atoms is called covalent.

These compounds can be represented using Lewis dot diagrams: e.g.

Molecular Compounds

Or, more commonly, by Kekulé diagrams, where each electron shared is represented by a line connecting the chemical symbols, e.g.:

Example:

Molecular Compounds

Example:

Molecular Compounds

Multiple Bonds

The sharing of more than one electron is represented using more than one line, e.g.:

Multiple Bonds

The sharing of more than one electron is represented using more than one line, e.g.: There is a double bond between the carbon atoms.

Naming Molecular Compounds

The elements in the name are given prefixes corresponding to the subscripts (number of atoms) and the second element is given the suffix “-ide.” e.g. CO 2 is carbon dioxide

 1  2  3  4  5  6  7

The Prefixes

 1  2  3  4  5  6  7

The Prefixes

Mono-*

 1  2  3  4  5  6  7

The Prefixes

Mono-* Di-

 1  2  3  4  5  6  7

The Prefixes

Mono-* Di Tri-

 1  2  3  4  5  6  7

The Prefixes

Mono-* Di Tri Tetra-

 1  2  3  4  5  6  7

The Prefixes

Mono-* Di Tri Tetra Penta-

 1  2  3  4  5  6  7

The Prefixes

Mono-* Di Tri Tetra Penta Hexa-

 1  2  3  4  5  6  7

The Prefixes

Mono-* Di Tri Tetra Penta Hexa Hepta-

The Prefixes

   1 2 3 Mono-* Di Tri   4 5 Tetra Penta  6 Hexa  7 Hepta * The 1 st element in the name never need a mono-

Examples

   OF 4 N 2 O Cl 2 O 7  iodine trichloride  diphosphorus pentoxide  sulphur hexaiodide

   OF 4 N 2 O Cl 2 O 7

Examples

oxygen tetrafluoride  iodine trichloride  diphosphorus pentoxide  sulphur hexaiodide

   OF 4 N 2 O Cl 2 O 7

Examples

oxygen tetrafluoride dinitrogen monoxide  iodine trichloride  diphosphorus pentoxide  sulphur hexaiodide

   OF 4 N 2 O Cl 2 O 7

Examples

oxygen tetrafluoride dinitrogen monoxide dichlorine heptoxide  iodine trichloride  diphosphorus pentoxide  sulphur hexaiodide

   OF 4 N 2 O Cl 2 O 7

Examples

oxygen tetrafluoride dinitrogen monoxide dichlorine heptoxide  iodine trichloride  diphosphorus pentoxide  sulphur hexaiodide ICl 3

   OF 4 N 2 O Cl 2 O 7

Examples

oxygen tetrafluoride dinitrogen monoxide dichlorine heptoxide    iodine trichloride ICl 3 diphosphorus pentoxide P 2 O 5 sulphur hexaiodide

   OF 4 N 2 O Cl 2 O 7

Examples

oxygen tetrafluoride dinitrogen monoxide dichlorine heptoxide    iodine trichloride ICl 3 diphosphorus pentoxide P 2 O 5 sulphur hexaiodide SI 6

Non-Conventional Names

Some compounds are more commonly known by other names.

e.g. NH 3 CH 4 H 2 O

Non-Conventional Names

Some compounds are more commonly known by other names.

e.g. NH 3 CH 4 H 2 O ammonia

Non-Conventional Names

Some compounds are more commonly known by other names.

e.g. NH 3 CH 4 H 2 O ammonia methane

Non-Conventional Names

Some compounds are more commonly known by other names.

e.g. NH 3 CH 4 H 2 O ammonia methane water

The Diatomic Gases

The elemental compounds like H 2 , Cl 2 , and O 2 . are called diatomic gases and are called simply: name of element + “gas” e.g. H 2 Cl 2 O 2

The Diatomic Gases

The elemental compounds like H 2 , Cl 2 , and O 2 . are called diatomic gases and are called simply: name of element + “gas” e.g. H 2 Cl 2 O 2 hydrogen gas

The Diatomic Gases

The elemental compounds like H 2 , Cl 2 , and O 2 . are called diatomic gases and are called simply: name of element + “gas” e.g. H 2 Cl 2 O 2 hydrogen gas chlorine gas

The Diatomic Gases

The elemental compounds like H 2 , Cl 2 , and O 2 . are called diatomic gases and are called simply: name of element + “gas” e.g. H 2 Cl 2 O 2 hydrogen gas chlorine gas oxygen gas

Activity

“Modelling Molecules” You need a handout and a modelling kit.