Transcript TYPES OF POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS

Powered Industrial Trucks
• Safety requirements relating to fire
protection, design, maintenance,
and use of fork trucks, tractors,
platform lift trucks, motorized
hand trucks, and other specialized
industrial trucks powered by
electric motors or internal
combustion engines.
ANSI Standards
• All new powered industrial trucks
acquired and used by an employer
shall meet "American National
Standard for Powered Industrial
Trucks, Part II, ANSI B56.1-1969"
ANSI Standards
• Approved trucks shall bear a label
or some other identifying mark
indicating approval by the testing
laboratory.
• American National Standard for
Powered Industrial Trucks, Part II,
ANSI B56.1-1969
ANSI Plate
• Load plate identifies the capacity,
operation, and maintenance instruction
plates, tags, or decals shall be
displayed on the trucks.
• After market attachments may not be
included on the plate’s weight.
• Make sure that all nameplates and
markings are in place and are
maintained in a legible condition.
The Physics of a Forklift
• How does a typical powered industrial truck
work?
– IE: How does a forklift truck lift weight?
• What is the stability triangle?
• Which wheels are used to steer a forklift truck?
• What information is contained on the forklift load
plate?
• Where is the fulcrum point located on forklift
truck?
Powered Industrial Trucks
• Are powered industrial trucks covered by
OSHA?
• How would I know if a particular powered
industrial truck falls under the OSHA
standards? (1910.178)
• Are there any age limitations for driving a
forklift truck?
Designations
• For the purpose of this standard
there are eleven different
designations of industrial trucks or
tractors as follows: D, DS, DY, E,
ES, EE, EX, G, GS, LP, and LPS.
TYPES OF POWERED
INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS
• D - DIESEL
• G - GASOLINE
• E - ELECTRIC
• L - LP GAS
DIESEL
• D - STANDARD
• DS - EXHAUST, ELECTRICAL, AND FUEL SYSTEMS
SAFEGUARDED
• DY - NO ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS & TEMP LIMITS
ELECTRIC
• E - STANDARD
• ES - EXHAUST, ELECTRICAL, AND FUEL SYSTEMS
SAFEGUARDED
• EE- ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ENCLOSED
• EX-EXPLOSION PROOF
GASOLINE
• G-STANDARD
• GS- EXHAUST, ELECTRICAL, AND FUEL SYSTEMS
SAFEGUARDED
LP GAS
• LP-STANDARD
• LPS- EXHAUST, ELECTRICAL, AND FUEL SYSTEMS
SAFEGUARDED
SELECTION OF TRUCKS
• CLASSIFICATION OF
ENVIRONMENT
• TYPE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
PRESENT
Hazardous Environments
• Class I
– Locations where flammable and combustible
gases, vapors are or may be present under
normal operations.
• Class II
– Locations where combustible dusts are
present.
• Class III
– Locations where easily ignitable fibers are
present.
Flammable and
Combustible Vapors
• Class I Division 1
– Conditions continuously exist or
periodically under operating
conditions.
• Division 2
– Conditions may exist due to an
accident (IE: ruptured drum).
Dusts
• Class II Division 1
– Conditions continuously exist or
periodically under operating
conditions.
• Division 2
– Conditions may exist due build up of
dusts in equipment or where dusts
may be ignited by sparks.
Fibers
• Class III Division 1
– Locations in which easily ignitable
fiber materials are handled producing
combustible flyings.
• Division 2
– Locations where easily ignitable fiber
materials are stored.
Groups
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Acetylene
Hydrogen
Ethyl ether
Gasoline, acetone, etc.
Metal Dust
Carbon black, coal dust
Grain Dust
Cocoa fiber, jute, cotton fiber, etc.
Forklift Refueling
• When refueling gasoline, diesel, and LPG gas, all open
flames and sources of ignition must be kept away.
• Fire extinguishers should be made available.
• No smoking.
Batteries
• Hazardous gases and fumes being evolved from the
batteries
• Batteries can explode under recharging conditions, acids
can be splashed
Acid Hazards
• A carboy tilter or siphon shall be provided for handling
electrolyte.
• Always add acid to the water. (A in W)
• Eyewash stations
• Acid neutralizing systems (Emergency showers)
Operations
• Operators must be trained
• No one shall be allowed to stand
under a load.
• When unattended, load must be
lowered, controls neutralized,
brakes set, truck shut off
• Unattended - more than 25 feet
away or out of line of vision
Safety platform
• Secured to truck
• Controls on the platform itself
Traveling
• Right of way
• Stay to the right
• Slow down and blow horn at
intersections where view is
obstructed
Traveling
• Mast shall be tilted backwards
• When ascending or descending,
the load goes upward.
• Drive with mast down a few inches
above the floor.
Loading and Unloading
Wheel Stops
• The brakes of highway trucks shall be set and wheel
chocks placed under the rear wheels to prevent the
trucks from rolling while they are boarded with powered
industrial trucks.
Trains
• Wheel stops or other recognized positive protection
shall be provided to prevent railroad cars from moving
during loading or unloading operations.
Dockboards and Bridge
Plates
• Positive protection shall be provided to
prevent trucks and railroad cars from being
moved while dockboards or bridge plates are
in position.
Steps in Loading and
Unloading
• The forklift Operator shall ensure:
– Set brakes
– Block wheels
– Check flooring of trucks, trailers,
railcars
Training
• The employer shall ensure that each
powered industrial truck operator is
competent to operate a powered
industrial truck safely, as demonstrated
by the successful completion of the
training and evaluation required under
the law.
• Prior to permitting an employee to
operate a powered industrial truck, the
employer shall ensure that each
operator has successfully completed the
training
Training Components
• Training shall consist of a combination
of formal instruction (e.g., lecture,
discussion, interactive computer
learning, video tape, written material),
practical training (demonstrations
performed by the trainer and practical
exercises performed by the trainee),
and evaluation of the operator's
performance in the workplace.
Training program content
• Operating instructions, warnings,
and precautions for the types of
truck the operator will be
authorized to operate
• List of topics required in the
standard
Refresher training and
evaluation
• Refresher training, including an
evaluation of the effectiveness of
that training, shall be conducted to
ensure that the operator has the
knowledge and skills needed to
operate the powered industrial
truck safely
Refresher Training
Required When
• The operator:
– has been observed to operate the vehicle in
an unsafe manner
– has been involved in an accident or nearmiss incident
– has received an evaluation that reveals that
the operator is not operating the truck
safely
– is assigned to drive a different type of truck
• The workplace changes in a manner
that could affect safe operation of the
truck.
Maximum Length Between
Training
• An evaluation of each powered
industrial truck operator's
performance shall be conducted at
least once every three years.
Inspections
• Once a day
• Continuously - Before each shift
Walking Working Surfaces
• At what fall distance do I need to protect
workers on walking/working surfaces?
• General Industry?
• Construction Industry?
Guarding
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Floor holes
Floor openings
Skylight openings
Wall openings
Wall holes
Stairways
Standard Railings
• What constitutes a standard railing?
• What are some of the design criteria for
general industry?
• Do the design criteria differ in the
construction industry?
Tribology
• What is tribology?
• What role does friction play in slip and fall
hazards?
• How is slip resistance measured?
• Are there any guidelines for slip resistance
and walking surfaces?