Transcript Africa Regional Report - United Nations Economic Commission for
ALMATY PROGRAMME OF ACTION Africa Regional Report
16 July 2013
AFRICAN REGIONAL REVIEW MEETING Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 16-18 July 2013 Dr. Robert M. Okello [email protected]
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
Lyciar
Dare to Know 1
PRIORITIES OF APOA •
Fundamental Transit Policy Issues.
•
Infrastructure Development and Maintenance.
•
International Trade and Trade Facilitation.
•
International Support Measures.
•
Implementation and Review.
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16 AFRICAN LLDCs 16 July 2013 3 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA 2003 - 2013
•Africa as a whole made good and steady progress: HDI improved and Gap narrowed between LLDCs and Transit Countries.
MDG Achievements significant – LLDCs as well as Transit Countries.
But inequalities increased among and within.
• ODA is still significant, but FDI and Remittances now more important.
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PRIORITY 1: FUNDAMENTAL TRANSIT TRANSPORT POLICY ISSUES
3 Major Dimensions of Transit Transport:
•International legal frameworks govern facilitation of the transit transport •Institutional framework for operations and management of transit transport •Infrastructure for transport mode - road, railways, port, airport, inland waterways, pipelines.
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International Legal Frameworks for Transit Transport in Africa 3 Levels of Participation:
African Participation in International Treaties and Conventions on Transit Transport Africa Regional Treaties and Conventions on Transit Transport Africa Sub-Regional Treaties and Conventions on Transit Transport (RECs) pipelines.
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International Legal Frameworks for Transit Transport in Africa Treaty/Convention Year Adopted African Parties
Barcelona Convention on Freedom of Transit General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade – GATT/WTO New York Convention on Transit Trade of Landlocked Countries Brussels Convention Establishing a Customs Cooperative Council.
Kyoto Convention on Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures.
Customs Convention on the International Transport of Goods Under Cover of TIR Carnets; also called the TIR Convention.
Nairobi Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance for the Prevention, Investigation and Repression of Customs Offences.
Geneva Convention on Harmonization of Frontier Control of Goods.
Montego Bay Convention on Landlocked Countries.
Almaty Programme of Action.
1921 1947/ 1995 1965 1950 1973 1975 1977 1982 1982 2003 Burundi, Chad (2) Sub-Sahara Africa (38), except Ethiopia, Eritrea, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea Bissau, S&P BF, Burundi, Cameroon, CAR, Chad, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia (16) Nigeria, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zimbabwe (4) Malawi, Niger, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe (6 LLDCs); CI, Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Togo (7 costal).
South Africa, Lesotho, Liberia (3) Landlocked Countries (15); SSA Coastal Countries (27) Landlocked Countries (16); SSA Coastal Countries (27) 16 July 2013 7 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
Africa Regional Treaties and Conventions on Transit Transport
16 July 2013
Instrument Year Key Issues
OAU Addis Ababa Charter Monrovia Declaration Lagos Plan of Action Abuja Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community (AEC) African Maritime Transport Charter African Union NEPAD African Maritime Transport Charter 1963 1979 1980 1991 1993 Initial signature by 32 governments, with South Sudan becoming the 55th member in July 2011. Article II aims, inter alia, “to promote international co-operation, having due regard to the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights”, and calls upon the Member States to co-ordinate and harmonize their general policies, especially in the fields economic co operation, including transport and communications. In pursuit of the objectives of the New International Economic Order, the OAU “Council committed to implement completely the programme of the United Nations Transport and Communications Decade in Africa.” Called for the creation of an African Common Market by 2000, and in this regard assigned to the Regional Economic Communities the objective: “.. to reinforce effectively sectoral integration in transport.” The policy objectives include: “To promote economic, social and cultural development as well as integration of African economies”, including in the area of trade and transport, “the harmonization of policies …. and removal of obstacles to movement of persons, goods and services, with special measures for the landlocked countries”.
Chapter VII on issues of Landlocked Countries. Transit Partner States agree to grant facilities and benefits to landlocked countries and to apply non discriminatory administrative, fiscal and Customs measures. They agree to coordinate their policies of acquisition and use of land, river, air and maritime transport and port. They are encouraged to enter into bilateral and multilateral 2002 2002 2009 conventions on transit and to ratify those in force.
Transformed OAU into AU. The objectives contained in the Constitutive Act, include “Promote sustainable development at the economic, social and cultural levels as well as the integration of African economies.” Establishment of AU) was accompanied with the formulation of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) as the new framework for economic and social development of Africa and the achievement of the MDGs in Africa. RECs remain the anchor of regional mechanisms for achieving the African Union programs, and continue to place priority on enhancing interconnectivity and
facilitating trade by focusing on transport corridors as microcosms of integration and spatial development on the continent.
Update of the 1993 Charter and a call to include it in the national legislations. It calls for emphasis on cooperation between LLDC and Transit States, development of Multimodal Transport, Ports and ICT applications.
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Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors Issue for Harmonization
Vehicle Load and Dimensions Control (Axle load and Gross Vehicle Mass limits) Road Transit Charges
East Africa EAC COMESA
Yes.
Axle Load/GVM Weighbridges installed Harmonized with SADC
Southern Africa SADC
Yes.
Axle Load/GVM Weighbridges installed Harmonized COMESA and EAC with
Central Africa ECCAS CEMAC West Africa ECOWAS UEMOA
Yes – Inter-State Road Transport (TIE).
Axle Load/GVM Carrier License Transit Plates and Third Party Motor Vehicle Insurance Schemes Yellow Card Road Customs Transit Declaration Document COMESA Declaration (CD-COM) Customs Document Single Administrative Document (SAD) Road check points Significant reduction Yellow Card (of COMESA) Orange Card Regional Customs Bond Border Posts Operations ICT for Vehicle Tracking and Fleet Management Customs Bond Guarantee Scheme Harmonized with SADC 15 OSBP envisaged; 7 under development ASCYUDA Customs Bond Guarantee Scheme Harmonized with COMESA and EAC Chirundu OSBP Pilot; Other OSBP Projects in NSC ASCYUDA ASCYUDA ECOWAS Brown Card insurance scheme (Convention A/P1/5/82) ECOWAS "Carte Brune" (Brown Card) and CIMA Code ECOWAS’ Interstate Road Transit Scheme (ISRT) – Convention A/P4/5/82 and Supplementary Convention A/SP.1/5/90 ECOWAS Interstate Road Transport (IST) Convention A/P.2/5/82 – Customs Agreements on Inter-State Road Transit (TRIE Convention) ASCYUDA 16 July 2013 9 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors Vehicle Load and Dimensions Control (Axle load and Gross Vehicle Mass limits):
EAC/COMESA: Yes - Axle Load; GVM; Weighbridges installed SADC: Yes - Axle Load; GVM; Weighbridges installed ECOWAS: Yes – Inter-State Road Transport (TIE); Axle Load; GVM 16 July 2013 10 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors
•
Road Transit Charges
EAC/COMESA/SADC: Harmonized • ECCAS and ECOWAS: None
Third Party Motor Vehicle Insurance Schemes
EAC/COMESA/SADC: Yellow Card ECCAS: Orange Card ECOWAS: Brown Card/Carte Brune insurance scheme (Convention A/P1/5/82) – ECOWAS CIMA Code 16 July 2013 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 11
Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors
•
Road Customs Transit Declaration Document
EAC/COMESA: COMESA Customs Declaration Document (CD- COM) SADC: Single Administrative Document (SAD) ECCAS: None ECOWAS: Interstate Road Transit Scheme (ISRT) – Convention A/P4/5/82 and Supplementary Convention A/SP.1/5/90 16 July 2013 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 12
Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors
•
Regional Customs Bond
EAC/COMESA/SADC: Customs Bond Guarantee Scheme Harmonized ECCAS – None •
Border Posts Operations
15 OSBP envisaged; 7 under development in East Africa Chirundu OSBP Pilot; Other OSBP Projects in NSC ECOWAS - Customs Agreements on Inter-State Road Transit (TRIE Convention) ECCAS and ECOWAS - None 16 July 2013 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 13
Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors
•
Road Check Points
EAC/COMESA: Significant reduction ECOWAS: Interstate Road Transport (IST) – Convention A/P.2/5/82 •
ICT for Vehicle Tracking and Fleet Management
All RECs: ASCYUDA 16 July 2013 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 14
PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE.
s
TAH ALLIGNMENTS 16 July 2013 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 15
PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE.
• East Africa Corridors.
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PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE.
• East Africa Corridors.
Northern Corridor (TAH 8) – Mombasa Port; Multimodal Central Corridor (TAH 4)– Dar es Salaam Port; Multimodal Djibouti – Addis Ababa Corridor (TAH 6)– Djibouti Port; Road and Rail LAPSSET – Lamu Port; Project Stage Mwambani Economic Corridor – Tanga Port; Project Conception Stage 16 July 2013 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 17
PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE
•
Southern African Corridors
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PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE
•
Southern Africa
Dar es Salaam Corridor (TAH 4) – Multi-Modal Maputo Corridor – Multi-Modal Nacala Corridor Beira Corridor (TAH 9) North-South Corridor (TAH 9) – Multi-Modal Walvis Bay Corridor Group (WBCG): Trans Caprivi Corridor (TCC) Trans Kalahari Corridor (TKC) – TAH 10 Trans Cunene Corridor 16 July 2013 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 19
PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE
West Africa Corridors
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PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE
•
West Africa
Dakar – Bamako Corridor (TAH 5): Multimodal
Tema – Ouagadougou Corridor: Road
Abidjan – Ouagadougou: Road and Rail
Lome – Ouagadougou: Road
Cotonou – Niamey: Road and rail
•
Central Africa Douala – Bangui Corridor Douala – Ndjamena Corridor Point-Noire Corridor (TAH 3)
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PRIORITY 3: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TRADE FACILITATION
• • • • Africa’s External Trade performance – Global Share Marginal Increase from 2.3% in 2000 to 3.2% in 2010.
However, significant increase in export values of African LLDCs, except Swaziland.
African LLDCs Export Concentration in2010/2011 very high on raw commodities (Mali 79% Gold, Botswana 75.6% Diamonds, Malawi 58.4% Tobacco, etc.) African Export Market Concentration shifting from Traditional EU dominance towards Emerging Economies (China) 16 July 2013 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 22
Country Africa Export Trade Concentration Year 1 st .
Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi CAR Ethiopia Lesotho Mali Malawi 2011 2010 2010 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 Diamonds, not mounted or set Gold Coffee Diamond not mounted or set Coffee Food, Beverages, Tobacco Gold Unmanufactured tobacco 75.6
68.6
59.5
61.9
32.4
8.2
79.1
58.4
%
Niger Rwanda Swaziland Uganda Zambia 16 July 2013 Zimbabwe 2009 2011 2007 Uranium or thorium Tin ores and Concentrates Mixed odoriferous substances for industrial use 2010 2010 Coffee Copper in all forms 2010 United Nations Economic Commission for concentrates) Africa 24 29 18 78 22 23
Trade Facilitation
•
Trade Costs and Major Bottlenecks:
Ease of Doing Business: LLDCs showed encouraging improvement in key indicators between 2006 and 2012 – DE/I, TE/I, CE/CI LLDCs continue to perform below Transit countries in all aspects.
Logistics Performance Index: Few African LLDCs and Transit Countries improved Global Rankings between 2007 and 2012: Botswana, Malawi, Uganda, Niger, Zimbabwe; and Benin, Tanzania, Namibia, Togo, Ghana.
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Trade Facilitation Initiatives
•
National Initiatives: Rwanda, Mali, Swaziland,
s
Senegal, Zambia, Zimbabwe • • • • Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA)
One-Stop Border Posts (OSBP) or Joint Border Posts (JBP) Aid for Trade (AfT) Trade Facilitation Facility – US$40m Trust Fund for LDCs
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PRIORITY 4: INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT MEASURES
•
Global Support to Africa
Coordination Global Initiatives (Brussels and Johannesburg) G8 – Kananaskis – AAP (2002); Evian – OECD/APF(2003); Gleneagles – Blair Commission (2005), etc.
WTO – AfT WCO – Capacity Building 16 July 2013 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 26
PRIORITY 4: INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT MEASURES
•
Bilateral Support:
EU – EBA, EPA UK/DFID – Country; Regional (TradeMark); Continental (AFTI, EIF) USA/USAID – Continental (AGOA); Regional (Trade Hubs); Country (MCC) JAPAN/TICAD-JICA – Regional (OSBP) CANADA/CIDA – ATC France, China, India, Brazil, Turkey 16 July 2013 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 27
PRIORITY 4: INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT MEASURES
•
IFIs:
WB - SSATP
s
AFDB – (NEPAD, ICA, IPPF, PIDA) Arab Funds – IDB, BADEA, KDF Other African Infrastructure Funds – AFC, PAIDF, ICF, AFP.
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PRIORITY 5: IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW
•
Country Reports on National Implementation and
s
•
Implementation and Review at the Global Level
•
African Regional Review
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Emerging Issues
• • • • • • • •
Civil Conflicts – Kenya, CI, CAR Greater Regional Integration s Global Economic and Financial Crises Climate Change Population, Urbanization and Migration Technological Advances Emergence of New Economic Power Poles Governance and Natural Resources Management
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Way Forward
•
Development of Fundamental Transit Transport
s
International Agreements
•
Improving Transport Infrastructure
Alternate Routes to LLDCs
Greater Inter-Modal Balance
Supportive Infrastructure – ICT and Energy
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Way Forward
•
Strengthening International Trade and Trade Facilitation
s
Developing Productive Capacity and Diversifying the Export Base
Management of Natural Resources
Promoting Investment
•
Facilitation of Trade
Deepening Regional Cooperation and Integration
WTO Trade Negotiations
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Way Forward
•
International Support Measures
s
– China, India, Brazil, Turkey, etc.
•
Harnessing Demographic Dividends
•
Special Case of CAR, CHAD, South Sudan
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16 July 2013
Thank You
34 Africa