grease interceptors - Plumbing & Drainage Institute

Transcript grease interceptors - Plumbing & Drainage Institute

CAPTURING the GREASE

MODEL CODE EDITION Copyright PDI 2012

Hydro Mechanical vs Gravity • Grease Interceptors UPC, IPC • How they work • Sizing • Installation • Grease • • What it is Were does it come from Copyright • What problems it cause PDI 2012

PDI Plumbing and Drainage Institute

The Plumbing and Drainage Institute (PDI) was formed in 1949. The organization developed the original performance requirements and certification program for Grease interceptors (Hydro mechanical Grease interceptors) and Water hammer Arrestors (Shock Arrestors)

PDI Plumbing and Drainage Institute

• • • •

Our objective Advancement of Engineered Plumbing Products Research Publish Standards Education

PDI Plumbing and Drainage Institute

•

We also participate in the development of the model plumbing codes

•

UPC, IPC, NSPC

• • • • • • • • • • •

PDI Plumbing and Drainage Institute

Ashland Poly Traps Bio-Microbics, Inc.

• •

Watts Water Technologies Zurn Industries Canplas Industries, Ltd. Mifab Inc. Green Turtle Americas, Ltd.

Jay R. Smith Mfg.

Josam Highland Tank/Lowe Engineering L&J Restaurant Inc.

• • • •

B K Resources Inc.

Klinger’s Trading, Inc.

L&J Restaurant Manufacturing Import, Inc.

Prima Supply LLC/Atlantic Metalworks Rockford Separators Thermaco Wade Specification Drainage Products/Wade Hydromax®

• • •

Town & Country Plastics Inc. Triton Metals, Inc.

Wentworth Company

PDI Plumbing and Drainage Institute

Web Site www.PDIonLine.ORG

PDI Plumbing and Drainage Institute Publications

• • •

PDI G101 Testing and Rating PDI G102 FOG Sensing and Alarm Guide to GREASE INTERCEPTORS: Eliminating the Mystery

Grease Interceptor is a generic term representing a family of devices

Grease Interceptor

Definition

A plumbing appurtenance or appliance that is installed in a sanitary drainage system to intercept non petroleum fats, oil, and greases (FOG) from a wastewater discharge.

•

Gravity Interceptors

•

Hydro Mechanical Interceptor

GRD (AGRU)

Alarm/ Sensing

• Example 25 GPM Interceptor • Two sinks each at 25 Gallons at 160 F Copyright PDI 2012

• Lard Ratio One Pound/ Five Gallons • Five Pounds of Lard each Run at 160F Copyright PDI 2012

• Min. of 12 Runs per Test • Total Lard min.60 Pounds per Test Copyright PDI 2012

• Min. Retained Lard 56.25 Pounds • Grease removal efficiency 90%-95% Copyright PDI 2012

• Lard is Skimmed and separated Copyright PDI 2012

• Efficiency = Grease Added - Grease Skimmed Grease added Copyright PDI 2012

Testing and Certification

Testing and Certification Performance

Orange County Study Copyright PDI 2012

Grease Interceptor Grease Removal Device (GRD) Any hydro mechanical grease interceptor that automatically, mechanically removes non-petroleum fats, oils and grease (FOG) from the interceptor, the control of which are either automatic or manually initiated.

ASME A112.14.4

PDI 2012

• • • • •

Hydro mechanical grease interceptor External grease collection Timer actuated Sensor operated Skim off grease Disc Belt Hydraulic Pump

• Hydro mechanical grease interceptor • Test PDI G101 Grease separating • ASME A12.14.4 Grease removal • 150% Removal of Rated capacity, 10 hours • FOG removed, Maximum of 5% water Copyright PDI 2012

FOG Disposal System – A grease interceptor that reduces non petroleum fats, oils, and grease (FOG) in effluent by separation, and mass and volume reduction.

ASME A112.14.6

Testing

• • •

PDI G101 Grease separation ASME A112.14.6 Grease Reduction Discharge water 100mg/liter max. FOG

Design criteria for Gravity interceptor, IAPMO Z1001

• • • • • • • • • • •

Stoke

’

s Law 300 Gallon volume minimum Two chambers 2/3 and 1/3 Two access point Inlet and outlet baffle Tee 4

”

Inlet, outlet above water Center baffle length more than width Air space 9

”

Liquid depth 30

”

min. 6 ft. max Efficiency 80%-85 % range Sized by Gallons volume

GRAVITY INTERCEPTOR BEWARE!

BEWARE!

• • • •

New Definitions Grease Interceptor Hydro Mechanical Gravity

•

What happened in 2006 to Grease Traps and passive interceptor?

•

Deleted UPC, IPC 2006

Intercepting Grease 2003, 2006 2009 2012

•

Trap

A fitting or device that provides a

liquid seal

to prevent the emission of sewer gases without materially affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater through the trap.

Intercepting Grease

IPC Changes

Intercepting Grease IPC 2003 IPC 2006 IPC 2009 IPC 2012

Intercepting Grease IPC 2003

•

Grease Interceptor

A passive interceptor whose rated flow

exceeds

50 GPM.

Intercepting Grease IPC 2003

•

Grease Trap.

A passive interceptor whose rated flow is 50 GPM or

less

Intercepting Grease IPC 2006 2009

• •

Chapter 2 Definitions Grease Interceptor (replaces grease interceptor & grease trap)

A plumbing appurtenance that is installed in a sanitary drainage system to intercept oily and greasy wastes from a wastewater discharge. Such device has the ability to intercept free-floating fats and oils.

Intercepting Grease IPC 2012 Chapter 2 Definitions Grease Interceptor Hydro-Mechanical Grease Interceptor

. A plumbing appurtenance that is installed in the sanitary drainage system to intercept free floating (FOG) fats, oils and grease from the wastewater discharge.

Continuous separation

is accomplished by air entrainment, buoyancy and interior baffles.

Gravity Grease Interceptor

. A plumbing appurtenance of not less than 500 gallon capacity that are installed in the sanitary drainage system to intercept free-floating (FOG) fats, oils and grease from the wastewater discharge. Separation is accomplished by gravity during a

retention time of not less than 30 minute.

Intercepting Grease IPC 2006 2012

•

IPC 1003.3.5 Automatic grease removal devices . (GRD)

Where automatic grease removal devices are installed, such devices shall be located downstream of each fixture or multiple fixtures in accordance with the manufacturer provided.

’ s instructions. The automatic grease removal device shall be sized to pre-treat the measured or calculated flows for all connected fixtures or equipment. Ready access shall be Copyright PDI 2012

Intercepting Grease IPC 2006 2012

•

IPC 1003.3.5 Automatic grease removal devices .

Ready access shall be provided.

Intercepting Grease IPC 2006 2012

•

IPC 1003.3.4.2 Rate of Flow Controls

Shall be equipped with devices to control the rate of water flow.

Applies to Hydro-Mechanical only

Intercepting Grease IPC 2006 2009 2012 Rate of Flow Controls

Intercepting Grease IPC 2006 2009 2012

•

IPC 1003.3.4.1 Grease interceptor capacity

Shall have the grease retention capacity Table 1003.3.4.1

Applies to Hydro-Mechanical only

Intercepting Grease IPC 2006 2009 2012

•

IPC 1003.2 Approval

• The size, type and location of each interceptor and of each separator shall be designed and installed in accordance with the manufacturer ’ s instructions ……….

Intercepting Grease IPC 2006 2009 2012

•

IPC 1003.3.2 Food waste Grinders

A solids interceptor shall separate the discharge before connecting to the grease interceptor.

Applies to all grease interceptors

Intercepting Grease, IPC 2006, 2012

•

IPC1003.3.4 Grease interceptors and automatic grease removal devices

Grease interceptors or automatic grease removal devices shall conform to PDI G101, ASME A112.14.3 or ASME A112.14.4 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer ’ s instructions.

Note no size limitation Exception: Volume not less 500 Gallons outside Copyright PDI 2012

Intercepting Grease IPC 2012

•

1003.3.4

Hydro-Mechanical

Grease interceptors and automatic grease removal devices (GRD).

Grease interceptors or automatic grease removal devices shall conform to PDI G101, ASME A112.14.3 or ASME A112.14.4 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer ’ s instructions.

Note no size limitation Copyright PDI 2012

Intercepting Grease

UPC Changes

Intercepting Grease UPC 2006, Chapter 2 Definitions Grease Interceptor Hydro-Mechanical Grease Interceptor

. A plumbing appurtenance that is installed in the sanitary drainage system to intercept free-floating (FOG) fats, oils and grease from the wastewater discharge

. Continuous separation

is accomplished by air entrainment, buoyancy and interior baffles.

Gravity Grease Interceptor

. A plumbing appurtenance of not less than 300 gallon capacity that are installed in the sanitary drainage system to intercept free-floating (FOG) fats, oils and grease from the wastewater discharge. Separation is accomplished by gravity during a

retention time of not less than 30 minute.

UPC CHANGE

UPC 2003-2006

•

What happened to Appendix H ?

•

New Sizing method Chapter 10

Flow Control

’

s UPC

2006 •

1014.2.1

Each plumbing fixture or piece of equipment connected to a

hydro mechanical

grease interceptor shall be provided with an approved type of

vented flow control

installed in a readily accessible and visible location.

• No flow-control device having adjustable or removable parts shall be approved Copyright PDI 2012

Grease interceptor Installation General

• •

UPC 1014.1.3 Food Waste Disposal Units and Dishwashers.

Unless specifically required or permitted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, no food waste disposal unit or dishwasher shall be connected to or discharge into any grease interceptor. Commercial food waste disposers shall be permitted to discharge directly into the building ’ s drainage system.

Grease interceptor Installation General

•

UPC 1014.1.1

Each fixture discharging into a grease interceptor shall be individually trapped and vented in an approved manner.

Grease interceptor Installation General

•

UPC 1014.3.2.1

Waste discharge in establishments from fixtures and equipment which may contain grease, including but not limited to, scullery sinks, pot and pan sinks, dishwashers, soup kettles, and floor drains located in areas where grease-containing materials may exist, may be drained into the sanitary waste through the interceptor when approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

Grease interceptor Installation General

•

UPC 1014.3.4.1

Each grease interceptor shall be so installed and connected that it shall be at all times easily

accessible

for inspection, cleaning, and removal of the intercepted grease. A gravity grease interceptor complying with IAPMO Z1001, shall not be installed in any part of a building where food is handled. Location of the grease interceptor shall meet the approval of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

Grease interceptor Installation General

•

UPC 1014.3.4.2

Interceptors shall be placed as close as practical to the fixtures they serve.

MAINTAINANCE

• UPC 1014.1.2 The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall have the authority to mandate the installation of additional equipment or devices and to mandate a maintenance program.

Automatic Sensor Copyright PDI 2012

MAINTAINANCE

Grease Removal Device

Sizing GREASE INTERCEPTORS

• Hydro Mechanical

• Gravity

Defining the Sizing

GREASE INTERCEPTORS •

Hydro Mechanical ------ GPM

• Gravity------ Gallons capacity

Size Ranges of GREASE INTERCEPTORS

Hydro Mechanical ------ GPM 7 to 100 GPM Gravity------- Gallons capacity 500 Gallons and larger

Sizing

GREASE INTERCEPTORS For any type of Grease interceptor drain line flow in GPM must be determined

Sizing Gravity GREASE Interceptors

All interceptors are sized by calculating flow in GPM

• • •

Drain pipe capacity Actual flow DFU

’

s

SIZING Grease INTERCEPTORS

Pipe Size Diameter 2

”

slope .025

.025

GPM 19.44

58.67

125.77

229.75

375.47

SIZING Grease INTERCEPTORS

• • • •

Fixture type Fixture size Fixture quantity Other equipment

SIZING Grease INTERCEPTORS

by • • • • •

Fixture type Sinks that are drained… Drain size Pre rinse ……………….... Fixture flow Food prep ……………….. Fixture flow Cooking equipment ….... Drain size Other equipment ………. Rated flow The total= peak flow

Sizing Gravity GREASE INTERCEPTORS Applying peak GPM flow to Sizing Factor of safety?

•

1% of the time flow is at peak

•

75%-90% of flows are 1/3 peak

SIZING Gravity GREASE INTERCEPTORS by GPM FLOW Peak flow GPM X 30 min

Gravity Grease Interceptor

. A plumbing appurtenance of not less than 500 gallon capacity that is installed in the sanitary drainage system to intercept free-floating (FOG) fats, oils and grease from the wastewater discharge. Separation is accomplished by gravity during a

retention time of not less than 30 minute.

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

SIZING Gravity GREASE

INTERCEPTORS

by DFU

’

S

Gravity Grease Interceptor Sizing DFUs Interceptor Volume Pipe size 8 500 gallons 21 (3) 750 gallons 36 1,000 gallons 3

”

pipe 90 (3) 1,250 gallons 180 1,500 gallons 4

”

pipe 216 2,000 gallons 307 (3) 2,500 gallons 390 3,000 gallons 5

”

428 4,000 gallons pipe 576 5,000 gallons 700 7,500 gallons 6

”

2112 10,000 gallons 2640 15,000 gallons pipe

SIZING Gravity GREASE

INTERCEPTORS

by DFU

’

S

•

If drainage fixture units (DFUs) are not known, the interceptor shall be sized based on the maximum DFUs allowed for the pipe size connected to the inlet of the interceptor.

Sizing Hydro Mechanical Grease Interceptors All interceptors are sized by calculating flow in GPM

• •

Drain pipe capacity Actual flow

SIZING Grease INTERCEPTORS HYDRO MECHANICAL by

Pipe Size Diameter

2 ” 3 ” 4 ” 5 ” 6 ”

”

slope

.025

GPM

19.44

58.67

125.77

229.75

375.47

Step 1

SIZING Grease INTERCEPTORS

HYDRO MECHANICAL by Actual fixture, sink Determine the cubic content of the fixture by multiplying length x width x depth.

A sink 48

”

long by 24

”

wide by 12

”

deep Cubic content 48 x 24 x 12 = 13,824 cubic inches Step 2 Determine the capacity in gallons.

1 gal. = 231 cubic inches.

Contents in gal. 13,824 = 59.8 gals 231 Step 3 Step 4 Determine actual drainage load.

The fixture is usually filled to about 75% of capacity with waste water. The items being washed displace about 25% of the fixture content. Actual drainage load = 75% of the fixture capacity.

Determine the flow rate and the drainage. In general, good practices dictate a one minute drainage period, however where conditions permit , a 2 minute period is acceptable. Drainage period is the actual time required to completely empty the fixture. Flow Rate = Actual Drainage Load Drainage Period Actual drainage load .75 x 59.8 gals. = 44.9 gals.

Calculated flow rate for 1 minute period Flow rate 44.9 gals. = 44.9 GPM 1 Min.

Calculated flow rate for 2 minute period Flow rate 44.9 gals. = 22.5 GPM 2 Min.

Step 5 Select the interceptor which corresponds to the flow rate calculated. Note – Select larger size when flow rate falls between two sizes listed. If the flow rate is above 50 GPM, select a larger interceptor.

For 1 minute period 44.9 GPM For a 2 minute period 22.5 GPM

PDI 2012

SIZING Grease INTERCEPTORS

HYDRO MECHANICAL by Actual fixture

• • • • •

Pre rinse …………………Fixture flow Food prep ………………..Fixture flow Cooking equipment Other …....Drain size equipment……....Rated flow Actual sink capacity@ one/two minute Note: Sink drain by Manning may have lower flow The total= peak flow

Sizing Hydro Mechanical Grease Interceptors

GPM peak flow =GPM size Interceptor Note: flow control limits sink GPM Hydro-Mechanical Grease Interceptor

. A plumbing appurtenance that is installed in the sanitary drainage system to intercept free-floating (FOG) fats, oils and grease from the wastewater discharge

. Continuous separation

is accomplished by air entrainment, buoyancy and interior baffles.

SIZING GREASE INTERCEPTORS Under sizing can be a problem

• •

Increased drain down time More frequent cleaning

SIZING GREASE INTERCEPTORS Over sizing can be a problem

• •

Grease Breaks down

Low Water exchange

Increased cleaning cost

pump truck size

Polar Hydrocarbon

  Free fatty acids.

Glycerin Copyright PDI 2012

FOG breaks down into Fatty acids and Glycerin



Hydrolisis



Microbes



Chemicals

Fatty acids

   

Harden with Iron oxide Chemically bond to pipes Fatty acids are corrosive Saturated fatty acids reacting with Calcium forming a solid tacky substance

Harden with Iron oxide Chemically bond to pipes

Saturated fatty acids reacting with Calcium forming a solid tacky substance

FOG/Food breaks down

Over sizing

 

Increased cost of cleaning Over sizing encourages less frequent cleaning



Less water exchange, septic conditions, low Ph.

FOG/Food breaks down    

Sulfur reducing anaerobic bacteria Hydrogen sulfide Symbiotic aerobic bacteria Sulfuric acid

HOW THEY WORK

. A plumbing appurtenance that is installed in the sanitary drainage system to intercept free-floating (FOG) fats, oils and grease from the wastewater discharge. Continuous separation is accomplished by air entrainment, buoyancy and interior baffles.

Gravity Grease Interceptors Copyright PDI 2012

Special applications (Multi-ceptor)

Vented Flow Control

FLOW CONTROL 

At a level of 18

”

-36

”

below the fixture.



Between the fixture and Grease Interceptor



One flow control per Grease Interceptor

GREASE REMOVAL DEVICE

“

GRD

GREASE REMOVAL DEVICE “GRD”

GREASE REMOVAL DEVICE

“

GRD

FOG Disposal System A grease interceptor that reduces non petroleum fats, oils, and grease (FOG) in effluent by separation, and mass and volume reduction.

ASME A112.14.6

FOG DISPOSAL SYSTEM

• • • • • • • • • •

Standards Flow Min. Size Flow control

• • • •

Vent Grinders Certification Location

• • • •

Cleaning Yes

• •

Any No Yes Yes No Yes Any Empty Yes Any

• • • • • • •

300 No No No Yes Outdoors Empty

General

• No Garbage/ food grinder directly connected • Avoid high detergent fixtures • Easy access for cleaning • Check for correct AHJ • Check for local required interceptor designs Copyright PDI 2012

General

• Avoid distances of greater than 25 ft • Gravity and Hydro can be used together • Gravity installed outside of building Copyright PDI 2012

• • • • • • • • • •

Standards Flow Min. Size Flow control

• • • •

Vent Grinders Certification Location

• • • •

Cleaning Yes

• •

Any No Yes Yes No Yes Any Empty Yes Any

• • • • • • •

300 No No No Yes Outdoors Empty

•

New Awareness

•

Clean Water Act

•

Regulations

•

Research

•

Technology available

•

Design considerations

New Awareness

What problems it cause ?

SSO

Sanitary Sewer overflows

"SSO", are a violation of the Federal Clean Water Act. These SSO

’

s have resulted in millions of dollars in fines by the EPA

SSO Sanitary Sewer overflows

In Orange County, CA, 252 orders have been issued, closing beaches for more than 2000 days (from 1987 through 2000). The majority of these closures were the result of bacterial contamination from sewage spills flowing into the ocean, usually originating from sewer lines clogged with grease. This is almost 6 years of closure.

SSO Sanitary Sewer overflows SSO Sanitary Sewer overflows 2006

EPA has reported in monitoring 35 States there were 40,000 beach day closings in the year 2006, due to contamination.

SSO Sanitary Sewer overflows

Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts are fined $4.6 million for January 2006 sewage spill. Agreed to a $2.5 million settlement and released from liability for 93 sewage spill over the previous five years.

SSO Sanitary Sewer overflows

• Connecticut • 1999-2003 • 2200 SSO

’

s

SSO Sanitary Sewer overflows

Regulations • State • Plumbing Code • Public Health Code • POTW • City

SSO Sanitary Sewer overflows

Enforcement • AHJ • BY State • Within the State • BY Sewer Company

SSO Sanitary Sewer overflows • Studies • Orange County FOG Control 2005 • NC State Project FROG 2007 Copyright PDI 2012

SSO Sanitary Sewer overflows • NC State Project FROG 2007 FOG blockages are the primary cause in 40% to 50% of all SSO ’ s (Southerland,2002) Another 10% to 25% are roots and grease Copyright PDI 2012

SSO Sanitary Sewer overflows • NC State Project FROG 2007

50% to 75%

• • • • • • • •

Were does it come from

Food preparation and clean up Schools Assisted Living Nursing homes Hospitals Amusement Parks Malls Restaurants

How much?

• • • •

Cafeteria 4,500 mg/L Chinese 1,900 mg/L Italian 1,000 mg/L American 950 mg/L

New Awareness Reference / Information

Water Environment Research Foundation

www.WERF.org

Plumbing and Drainage Institute

www.PDIonLine.org

Myths and Facts

•

Myth: If grease is not used in food preparation a grease interceptor is not needed

•

Fact: Grease is not the only problem. The overall problem is FOG . (Fats, oils and grease). These materials alone or in combination will result is sewer blockages

•

Myth: If food is not prepared on site a grease interceptor is not needed

•

Fact: A stove is not the source of FOG, it is the sink. Containers and utensils can be a significant source of FOG

•

Myth: Grease interceptors only retain FOG

•

Fact: In addition to FOG grease interceptors will capture food solids.

•

Myth: Choosing a larger size grease interceptor will result in a greater grease removal efficiency.

•

Fact: When grease interceptor has been sized properly to the anticipated maximum flow using a grease interceptor with a larger flow capacity will not increase grease removal efficiency.

•

Myth: The larger the grease storage capacity the more efficient the interceptors grease removal.

•

Fact: Grease must be separated from the waste water before it can be stored. Storage capacity and grease removal efficiency are not related.

Myth: The grease must cool and harden to separate from the waste water.

•

Fact: Grease interceptors separate based on the difference in specific gravity of FOG and water. Liquefied grease floats just as well as solidified grease. Grease is lighter than water.

•

Myth: Hot water will melt the captured grease and wash the grease through the interceptor

•

Fact: All hydro mechanical grease interceptors are tested for grease removal efficiency with 150

F water.

•

Myth: Low temperature dish washers can connect to the grease interceptor.

•

Fact: FOG.

All dishwashers can be problematic. It is not the temperature but the soaps, detergents and sanitizers that emulsify the

•

Myth: It is important to connect floor drains to the grease interceptor.

•

Fact: Floor drains are not usually a significant source of FOG. Drain cleaners and strong cleaning agents used on floors can emulsify FOG already captured in a grease interceptor.

•

Myth: Once the grease is captured in the interceptor, it will remain captured in the interceptor as long as the interceptor is not yet 25% full.

•

Fact: Because the grease (FOG) is contaminated with food particles and the interceptor is a breeding ground for bacteria, the FOG can be broken down, exit the interceptor and create blockages downstream.

•

Myth: Over sizing an interceptor cannot hurt.

•

Fact: Over sizing an interceptor relative to actual flow is a problem. It can result in the generation of hydrogen sulfide gas that can convert to an acid. Both metal and concrete structures downstream have suffered severe structural damage from this acid.

•

Myth: When the grease interceptor is full, the drain line will stop flowing.

•

Fact: Water will continue to flow even when the FOG in the interceptor is at capacity. Additional grease in the wastewater will simply flow right through the interceptor. Grease interceptors must be either manually or electronically monitored.

•

Myth : With the change to healthier cooking oils, there is less of a FOG problem.

•

Fact: Cooking oils that are healthier for you are no healthier for the drainage system. They are all polar hydrocarbons. In fact, some of the new alternative cooking oils with specific gravities closer to water will be harder to capture from the wastewater.

•

Myth : A clogged drain and clean out is the worst that can happen.

•

Fact: FOG can can cause extensive sewer failure and costly repairs.

•

Myth : Grease does not clog plastic pipe

•

Fact: FOG can create blockages in all drain pipe materials.