Tools of Modern Astronomy
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Transcript Tools of Modern Astronomy
Chapter 21 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe
Introduction
How do we study other stars in our
galaxy if they are so far away?
We study the radiation that stars
emit to find out more about them.
Energy that can travel through space
Electrois called electromagnetic radiation.
magnetic
Spectrum Electromagnetic radiation can travel
through empty space and travels in
waves.
Electromagnetic radiation travels the
speed of light.
Electromagnetic
Spectrum
Picture From: http://www.astronomynotes.com/light/s3.htm
The electromagnetic spectrum is
Electrothe full range of wavelengths of
magnetic
Spectrum
electromagnetic radiation.
Diagram From: saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/nav-uplink.cfm
Diagram From: http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~imamura/122/images/electromagnetic-spectrum.jpg
RADIO WAVES
Electromagnetic Longest waves and less frequent
Spectrum
than other waves.
Used for communication.
Radio telescopes used to collect
radio waves.
Size of wave ranges from the size of
a football field to the size of a
football.
MICROWAVES
Electromagnetic Used in communication, weather
Spectrum
maps, and as a heat source.
Size of wave ranges from 1 foot to 1
centimeter.
INFRARED WAVES
Electromagnetic Used as a source of heat.
Spectrum Infrared telescopes used to detect
infrared waves.
Size of wave ranges from a few
centimeters to a few millimeters.
VISIBLE LIGHT
Electromagnetic Only energy we can see with the
Spectrum
naked eye.
Refracting and reflecting telescopes
use visible light.
Size of wave is microscopic.
VISIBLE LIGHT
Electromagnetic White light can be separated into the
Spectrum
7 different colors of light.
ROYGBIV
Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue,
Indigo, Violet
Spectroscopes used to break white
light down into different colors.
ULTRAVIOLET WAVES
Electromagnetic Energy that is partially blocked by
Spectrum
our atmosphere.
Common uses are tanning beds,
disinfection, and black lights.
A large amount of UV light is harmful
for living things.
UV cameras and telescopes use UV
rays.
Size of wave is a few molecules.
X-RAYS
Electromagnetic Atmosphere reflects all X-rays back
into space.
Spectrum
Commonly used to take pictures of
bones.
Very harmful to living things.
X-ray telescopes use X-rays.
Size of wave is one molecule.
GAMMA WAVES
Electromagnetic Shortest wave with the most energy.
Spectrum Atmosphere blocks all gamma rays
from entering.
Deadly to living things.
Used for medical treatment.
Gamma telescopes study deep
space, black holes, stars, etc.
Size of wave is smaller than an atom.
Telescopes
Most telescopes collect and focus
different types of electromagnetic
radiation.
Two main types of telescopes:
reflecting and refracting telescopes.
Refracting telescopes use lenses that
bend light to focus onto a small area.
Reflecting telescopes use mirrors
instead of lenses but still focuses light
onto a small area.
The Keck Telescopes: Located in Mauna Kea, Hawaii
Hale 200-inch Reflector: Located in Mt. Palomar, California
Observat- A building that contains one or more
telescopes is an observatory.
ories
Most observatories are on
mountaintops where images are less
blurred because of the Earth’s
atmosphere.
A giant telescope relies on multiple dishes - Located in
Socorro, New Mexico
Satellites
The shorter electromagnetic
radiation is blocked by the Earth’s
atmosphere.
Telescopes are placed on satellites to
detect these short, high energy
waves.
Hubble Space Telescope – reflecting
telescope that detects visible light,
infrared, and UV radiation.
Hubble Space Telescope
Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
Chandra X-ray Observatory
A telescope penetrates space with X-ray vision
Spitzer Space Telescope
It will spend 2 ½ to 5 years studying infrared light.
Spectrographs
Most large telescopes have
spectrographs.
A spectrograph breaks the light up
into colors.
Spectrographs reveal information
about stars like their composition
and temperatures.
Electromagnetic Spectrum Video Clip:
http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/keystage4.aspx?id=318
Electromagnetic Spectrum Video Clip