3730L7.html.ppt
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Transcript 3730L7.html.ppt
In a study of male university students, 35-60%
stated they might commit a rape if they were
sure they would not get caught
2% of female university students stated that
they would enjoy being raped
male university students estimated that 32% of
female university students would enjoy being
raped if no one knew
- What appears to be sexually arousing to these
males is the fantasy of engaging in aggressive
sexual activity with a complete stranger, overcoming her initial resistance, and stimulating
her to the point that she eventually enjoys the
experience
- Sadistic rapists don’t care about the victim’s
enjoyment of the experience
- What is unclear from many of these types of
studies is the extent to which rape fantasies are
actually acted upon and preferred activity
- One study of university students indicated
that 25% of males use coercion in the past
to achieve sexual relations with an unwilling
partner
-10-15% of women report initially being coerced
then enjoying sexual activity
- This suggests that some degree of coercion
can lead to arousal and enjoyment of sexual
activity for some men and women and may play
a part in some traditional heterosexual courtship
behaviour
Etiological Hypotheses:
- 75% of male sexual sadists report being
aware of their sexual inclinations during their
teens
-Most do not link the association between sexual
arousal and sadistic acts to any specific incident
in childhood
-Sexually sadistic fantasies typically predate
actual engagement in a sexually sadistic act
- Most report that the propensity towards
sexual sadism developed independent of
any encouragement from pornography or
other individuals
- Female sexual sadists report taking longer
to discover their paraphiliac inclinations
-Most are drawn into the behaviour by men
who want to be dominated and, thus, these
women discover that they are able to be excited
by sexually sadistic acts
Behavioural Views:
-Individuals develop a rapid association
with sexual arousal and sadistic acts during
some early childhood period
-Most individuals do not develop fetishes so
quickly
- A more likely developmental process is one
in which an individual has some experience
in which he is sexually excited and then
incorporates it into masturbation fantasies
Hormonal Abnormalities:
- No difference between sexual sadists (n = 20)
and controls for nine different hormones
including sex hormones
Brain Abnormalities:
- Two studies that employed brain imaging
and neuropsychological assessment indicates
that sexual sadists have right temporal
lobe damage
- 55% of sexual sadists have neurological
abnormalities associated with the temporal lobe
- Some sexual sadists have no significant brain
abnormalities
Forensic Issues:
- Court cases involving brutal and bizarre
sadistic crimes are arenas in which concepts
of mental illness, evil and criminal responsibility
are played out and debated and current social
values are decided and enforced
- Most sexual sadists know there behaviour is
wrong and would not commit the murder if
there was any perceived possibility of
apprehension
- Some also plan their crimes in advance
- Nevertheless, insanity pleas sometimes succeed
in the absence of clear evidence the individual
is psychotic
- many people take the bizarre nature of
sexually sadistic acts as prima facie evidence
for mental illness
-The emotional flattening and introversion
common in sexual sadists leads some psychiatric
examiners to argue that schizophrenia is
over-diagnosed in such individuals
- Extreme cases of sexual sadism total control,
suffering and humiliation of victims seems crucial
- Non-criminal, self-identified sexual sadists
differ in that their sexual partners are considered
precious and they go to lengths to ensure that
no non-consensual harm is suffered
- It is unclear whether one evolves into the other
or if both can co-exist in the same individual
-Also important to recognize gradations of
behaviour that falls into the category of
“dominance and submission”