Transcript Autorobots.pptx

By: Samantha Catanzaro
Jessie Mitchell-Jemison
Matthew Klingensmith
Sharon Kong
Anthony Santos
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Autonomous robots: intelligent machines
capable of performing tasks in the world by
themselves, without explicit human control
over their movements (Bekey, Autonomous
Robots)
Simply, machines that move intelligently,
performing actions without direct human
control
Examples: humanoids, rovers, cars, rescue,
vacuum cleaners, line-following robots, etc.
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Three basic components:
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Sensors – send input to computers
 Computers – interpret input
 Motors – take signals from computer and
generate actions.
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Sensors:
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RADAR, LIDAR, video, or GPS
 Most effective robots combine these
sensors into one model.
 Some sensors, like Velodyne LIDARs,
generate many data points that must be
statistically analyzed to remove
redundant or meaningless data.
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Three types of data analysis
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Model-based
 sensor-based
 statistical combination of models and
sensors.
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Autonomous robotics has
improved as computers,
sensors, and general
technology have advanced.
1962: First
industrial arm
robot created
for GM
(Unimate)
1979: New vision
system designed
by Hans Moravec
(CMU) for greater
autonomy.
1966: Standford
creates Shakey,
first robot to
know and
respond to its
own actions.
1980s:
Commercial
autonomous
robots created
for hospitals, etc.
using floor plans
to plan routes
1974: Silver
Arm
autonomous
robot 1st used to
assemble small
parts using
touch sensors.
1980s: DARPA
funds ALV,
autonomous
vehicle that uses
laser radar and
computer vision.
1977: Voyager
space probes
launch; most
autonomous
space probes at
time.
1995: Both CMU
and Dickmanns
(Germany) create
driverless cars
that travel long
distances with
little aid of
human drivers.
96-2001: UAVS
become more
autonomous;
driverless cars
use new method
to ‘understand’
environment
instead of using
radar (ARGO).
1977 1st
Autonomous
Vehicles
developed in
Japan
2002 1st DARPA
Grand Challenge
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Automation of tasks
Increases efficiency
Little or no human input necessary
Reduces cost of labor
Keeps humans out of hazardous
situations
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Deterministic
program may have
unpredictable
results on error
Should still have
human observation
High initial costs for
development
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Autonomous robots have the potential to be
beneficial to society.
They should not replace humans to the
extent that humans depend on robots for
daily activities, but they should be used in
dangerous situations (ex. rescue missions).
Therefore, we support the research of
autonomous robots.