Transcript 10.3 America’s Foreign Policy.ppt

America’s Foreign Policy
Chapter 10.3 and 10.4
Spectrum of Involvement
Teller
Amendment
Open Door
Notes
(1st set)
Platt
Amendment
Foraker
Act
Isolationist
Monroe
Doctrine
PhilippineAmerican
War
Imperialist
Roosevelt
Corollary
Tafts’s
Dollar Diplomacy
Boxer
Rebellion
Open Door
Notes
(2nd set)
Teller Amendment
Cuba
Background:
•
•
U.S. recognizes island’s independence during SpanishAmerican war and in Treaty of Paris
Teller Amendment: U.S. has no intention of taking over any part
of Cuba.
American Occupation of Island:
•
Good: Provide food and clothing to thousands, helped farmers
cultivate land, organized schools, improved sanitation, and
helped cure yellow fever (killed hundreds of Cubans each year).
Bad: Simply replaced Spanish oppressors with American
ones. Kept many Spanish officials in office, arrested
or exiled protesting Cubans.
Platt Amendment
Platt Amendment: U.S. stipulations to Cuban constitution for
and independent Cuba. U.S. would not remove army
without it. Some Cubans protested and wanted to fight,
but it was ratified.
• Cuba became protectorate; meaning their affairs was
partially controlled by stronger power.
• American business wanted to maintain strong control
to protect their investment in Cuba.
• Provisions in the amendment:
– No treaties that limit its independence or permit
foreigners to control any part of Cuba.
– U.S. reserves the right to intervene in Cuba
– Cuba could not go into debt
U.S. could buy or lease land for naval stations and refueling
stations. Used to occupy Cuba 1898-1902, 1906-1909,
1912, 1917-1922
Monroe Doctrine
Stated that no new European influences in the
western Hemisphere.
United States was concerned about our borders
and an invasion.
Tafts’s Dollar Diplomacy
The idea involved using money rather than military muscle to intervene.
Investing in countries will allow the U.S. to control their decisions and to
also bring them prosperity.
Did not work well
Out business profited – People did not.
Generated hostility towards the U.S. and government of the country.
Countries and their governments would collapse, the U.S. would lose
money and property, and often end up sending troops anyway.
Roosevelt Corollary
Added to the Monroe Doctrine. Often called Big Stick
Diplomacy
Our interest in Latin American countries made us more interested
in their affairs.
Stated that the U.S. will intervene in western hemisphere
countries that are having problems-economic or political
instability.
We became an international police power.
Used extensively in Central America and Latin America.
Open Door Notes (1st set)
China
Background:
•
Weakened by war and foreign intervention, “Sick man of
Asia”
•
France, Germany, Britain, Russia, and Japan established
prosperous settlements on coast and spheres of influence, areas
where nations claim special rights and economic privileges.
•
China free, but Europeans dominate their largest cities
America interests:
•
Vast potential market for American goods
•
New opportunities to invest in large scale railroads
Open Door Notes: written by John Hay
•
Written to avoid U.S. being shut out of China if other nations
carved colonies out of it.
•
Series of letters to other imperialist nations proposing they
share trading rights. This means no nation could have a
monopoly of trade with any other part of China.
The other imperialist nations reluctantly accepted.
Open Door Notes (2nd set)
Issued after Boxer Rebellion:
Used again to avoid European nations taking greater
control in China after beating the Boxer Rebellion.
Insured greater U.S. influence in Asia
• Announced the U.S. would “safeguard for the
world the principle of equal and impartial trade
with all parts of the Chinese Empire.”
» Illustrates three beliefs about U.S.
industrial capitalist economy:Influence on
U.S. and World War I
Growth of U.S. Economy depends on exports
– U.S. had a right to intervene abroad to keep
U.S. markets open
– Closing of an area to U.S. products, citizens,
and ideas threatened U.S. survival.
Foraker Act
Puerto Rico
Background:
•
The island became part of the U.S. after the Spanish-American war.
•
maintain presence in Caribbean and protect the future Panama Canal
Options for Puerto Rican government:
•
Independence: Become their own nation
•
Statehood: Full part of the United States
•
Self government as an American Territory
Military Rule:
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U.S. forces occupied until congress decided what to do.
•
Military promised Puerto Ricans they were there to protect them, their property,
and “bestow upon them the blessings of the liberal institutions of our
government.”
Results:
•
Foraker Act: Congress passes in 1900
–
Ended military rule and set up civil government
–
President appoints governor and members of the upper house of legislature
–
Puerto Ricans can elect only members of the lower house.
•
Constitution does not automatically apply to acquired territories, should it
follow the flag?
Congress extends U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans in 1917 and right to elect both houses.
Boxer Rebellion
Boxer Rebellion: August 1900, named after rebels
fighting style (martial arts)
•
•
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“The Righteous and Harmonious Fists”
Hated Chinese power structure, Christianity, and most
foreigners
Secret society of Chinese who want to kick them out.
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Killed hundreds of missionaries, other foreigners, and
Chinese converts to Christianity.
British, French, German, Japanese, and American forces
march on Chinese capital.
Imperialist stop rebellion after two months and
thousands of Chinese deaths.
Philippine-American War
Background:
•
U.S. help Filipinos kick Spain off of the Island
•
Believed Americans had promised them Independence
•
Purchased from Spain, in Treaty of Paris, for $20 million
•
U.S. saw territory as gateway to China
Philippine-American war: February 1899
•
U.S. used same tactic we condemned Spanish for using in Cuba:
– Filipinos forced to live in designated zones. Poor sanitation, starvation,
and disease kill off thousands.
•
White soldiers saw Filipinos as inferior
•
African American soldiers identifies with Filipinos’ plight. Some deserted
U.S. side to join with Filipinos in battle against the U.S.
•
Aftermath:
– Three years and $400 million (20 times the price tag) to end the rebellion
– U.S. sent up government similar to that in Cuba
» President selected the governor who selected the upper house
» Filipinos only elect lower house.
Philippines slowly move toward independence, made independent republic 7-4-1946
• US Interventions.pdf