Transcript Biohazards.ppt

Biological hazards
Christina Nickerson
Global Geography 12
What is a biological hazard?
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Biological hazards, also known as biohazards, refer to biological
substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily
humans.
Sources of biological hazards may include bacteria, viruses, insects,
plants, birds, animals and humans. These sources can cause a variety
of health effects ranging from skin irritation and allergies to life
threatening infections And illnesses.
Biological agents enter the body by being inhaled, injected or absorbed.
Once inside the body, these agents can multiply quicy and can be
spread from person to person.
Examples of Biohazards
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Severe acute respiratory
syndrome
Tuberculosis
Hepatitis C
HIV/AIDS
Influenza virus
H1n1
Avian influenza H5N1
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MRSA
Salmonella
Pseudomonas
Aspergillus fungus
Mad cow disease
Vibro cholera
Malaria
And many others
Have biohazards reached their peak?
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The worlds population is the highest in history and is still increasing:
United Nations statistics reveal that the words population has increased
by 5 billion people during the 20th century from 1 billion to 6 billion
people. As the population increases so does the number of sick and
vulnerable people who are least able to fight off these viruses.
Developing countries currently make up 80% of the world: this means
most people in the world are living with poor sanitation, unsanitized
water, inadequate food, and a lack of basic medicine, leaving most of
the world more vulnerable to sickness.
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Population in urban area is rising at a rate of 1 million people per
week: with people living in close proximity, pathogens can more
quickly spread as was experienced during the plaque and
epidemics.
Urbanization causes for land and forest areas to be cleared:
microorganisms living in the forests are forced to enter populated
areas.
More people= increased potential for a higher population with
sexually transmitted diseases: Most common in Africa, 26% of
American girls between 14 and 19 have at least one sexually
transmitted diseases.
Classification
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Category A- infections substances affecting humans and animals
Category B- infections substances affecting animals only
Category C- biological substances transported for diagnostics or investigative
purposes
Biohazard level 1: bacteria and viruses with minimal precautions
Biohazard level 2: bacteria and viruses causing mild disease
Biohazard level 3: bacteria and viruses causing severe to fatal des ease to
humans
Biohazard level 4: bacteria and viruses that cause fatal disease to human with
no available treatment
Some of the biggest;
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Influenza, or Spanish flu
Yersina pestis
Avian influenza virus, or bird flu
HIV/AIDS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS
Ebola
The plaque
Influenza
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Took 50 million lives in just one year
Symptoms result in fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pains, coughing, and
fatigue.
Spread through air partials, usually from coughs or sneezes. Also through
touching infected surfaces or contact with the eyes or mouth of an infected
person.
Influenza spreads through the world with a yearly outbreak, resulting to about 35 million cases of severe illness and about 250,000-500,000 deaths annually.
Deaths occur mainly in children or those with health issues
New outbreaks of influenza are discovered and go viral still today, with the latest
being discovered in 2009 ( H1N1, swine flu)
Yersina pestis
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This biohazard has the world record for the largest number of deaths.
Also known as 'The Black Death'
This disease-causing bacterium killed between 75-100 million people during the
black plaque, or roughly 20% of the worlds 450 million population in the 14th
century.
Y. Pestis was only discovered in 1894 because of an outbreak in Hong Kong
Transmission to humans is usually through a bite of infected fleas, however it
can also be spread through coughs or sneezes
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Symptoms include fever, headache, chills, swelling of lymph
nods, hypotension, hepatosplenomegaly, seizures in children,
shock, lethargy, hemopytsis,
People can die before any symptoms appear, as well people
infected can die within two weeks time.
HIV/AIDS
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Transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, contaminated blood
transfusions, contaminated needles, to a child from its mother at birth, breastfeeding
HIV infects the cells, and uses them as a place to multiply. Then, the virus destroys
the ability to let these cells do their job, and the immune system eventually shuts
down if not treated.
Since its discovery, AIDS has caused an estimated 36 million deaths worldwide, and
as of 2012, 35.3 people live with HIV globally
People who have HIV/AIDS may experience flu-life symptoms, or no symptoms at
all.
Since the epidemic, almost 78 million people have been infected with HIV/AIDS
AIDS is contracted from HIV
Severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS
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9.6% fatality rate
First reported in Asia in February of 2008
Viral respiratory disease caused by SARS corona virus
Outbreak in 2003 affecting North America, South
America, Europe, and Asia being the main countries,
however this SARS outbreak affected a total of 37
countries
This outbreak consisted ofv8,096 cases with 774
reported deaths
Ebola
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Ebola is a disease in humans and other primates caused
by ebolaviruses.
Signs and symptoms typically start between two days
and three weeks of contracting the virus
Symptoms include things like a fever and a cough
ranging to liver and kidney failure.
Ebola kills between 25-90% of all who contract the virus
Spread by body fluids
Prevention
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Airborn illnesses can be prevented by wearing protective thing
such as masks, gloves and goggle , and recommends that no skin
is showing while trying to prevent deadly biohazards
Not sharing drinks with others.
Not sharing needless for your in a area where an outbreak occurs,
make sure your wearing protective gear
Regular hand washing
Wearing body protection when cutting down trees and bushes
Handling rubber tires, crates, boxes and abandoned vehicles with
care and being health cautious
Bibliography
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Early Warning inc.
Wikipedia
Takeonestep.org
Www.oshc.org
Www.ccohs.ca
Www.gov.mb.ca