09 - SCAPULAR REGION.ppt
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Transcript 09 - SCAPULAR REGION.ppt
MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER
GIRDLE
The deltoid forms
the contour of the
shoulder.
Deep to it are :
Supraspinatus.
Infraspinatus.
Subscapularis.
Teres minor.
Teres major.
DELTOID
It is triangular in
shape.
It is functionally
divided into: anterior,
middle and posterior
parts.
Origin :
Anterior fibers: lateral
1/3 of the anterior
border of the clavicle.
DELTOID
Middle fibers :
lateral border of the
acromion.
Posterior fibers:
lower border of the
spine of the scapula.
DELTOID
Insertion :
deltoid tuberosity
(middle of the lateral
surface of the
humerus).
DELTOID
Nerve supply :
Axillar nerve.
DELTOID
Action:
1. Middle fibers:
abduction of the arm
(helped by
supraspinatus).
2. Anterior fibers:
flexion and medial
rotation.
3. Posterior fibers :
extension and lateral
rotation.
AXILLARY NERVE
Origin :
Posterior cord of the
brachial plexus (in the
axilla).
AXILLARY NERVE
Course :
Passes through
the quadrangular
space.
It is closely
related to the
inferior part of
the shoulder joint
and the surgical
neck of the
humerus.
AXILLARY NERVE
Branches :
1. Articular : to the shoulder
joint.
2. Anterior branch :
deltoid muscle and the skin
covering its lower half.
3. Posterior branch :
Deltoid.
Teres minor.
Upper lateral cutaneous
nerve of the arm.
QUADRANGULAR SPACE
It is an
intermuscular
space.
Boundaries :
Superior
(posterior) :Teres
minor.
Superior
(anterior):
Subscapularis
Inferior : Teres
major.
QUADRANGULAR SPACE
Medially : Long
head of triceps.
Laterally :
Surgical neck of
the humerus.
Contents :
Axillary nerve.
Posterior
circumflex
humeral vessels.
ROTATOR CUFF
It is formed of (4)
muscles
Supraspinatus.
Infraspinatus.
Teres minor.
Subscapularis.
It lies on the
superior, posterior
and anterior aspects
of the shoulder joint.
It is deficient
inferiorly.
ROTATOR CUFF
Function :
The tone of the
muscles holds the
head of the humerus
in the glenoid
cavity.
So they assist in
stabilization of the
shoulder joint.
SUPRASPINATUS
Origin :
Supraspinous fossa of
the scapula.
SUPRASPINATUS
Insertion :
Upper facet of
the greater
tuberosity of the
humerus and
The capsule of •
the shoulder
joint.
SUPRASPINATUS
Action :
1. It initiates
abduction of the
shoulder joint.
2. Rotator cuff.
INFRASPINATUS
Origin :
Infraspinous
fossa.
INFRASPINATUS
Insertion :
Middle facet of
the greater
tuberosity of the
humerus.
INFRASPINATUS
Action :
1.Lateral
rotation.
2. R.C.
NERVE SUPPLY
Suprascapular
nerve.
SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE
Origin :
Upper trunk of the
brachial plexus in the
posterior triangle.
SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE
Course :
It descends behind the
suprascapular ligament
in company with the
suprascapular vessels.
Branches :
Supraspinatus,
Infraspinatus and
Shoulder joint.
TERES MINOR
Origin :
Upper 2/3 of the
lateral border of
the scapula.
TERES MINOR
Insertion :
Lower facet of
the greater
tuberosity of the
humerus.
TERES MINOR
Nerve supply :
Axillary nerve.
Action :
1. Lateral
rotation.
2. R.C.
SUBSCAPULARIS
Origin :
Subscapular
fossa.
SUBSCAPULARIS
Insertion :
Lesser tubercle
of the humerus.
SUBSCAPULARIS
Nerve supply :
Upper & lower
subscapular
Action :
1. Medial
rotation.
2. R.C.
ROTATOR CUFF TENDINITIS
Manifestations :
Spasm
associated with
pain in the
middle range of
abduction.
It is a common
cause of pain in
the shoulder
region.
ROTATOR CUFF TENDINITIS
Cause :
Excessive overhead
activity of the upper limb
which can cause
degenerative changes in
the subacromial bursa.
This is followed by
degenerative changes in
the supraspinatus tendon
and extend to the other
tendons of the rotator
cuff.
TERES MAJOR
Origin :
Inferior angle
and lower third
of lateral border
of the scapula.
TERES MAJOR
Insertion :
Medial lip of the
bicipital groove
of the humerus.
TERES MAJOR
Nerve supply :
Lower
subscapular
Action :
1. Adduction.
2. Medial
rotation.