Transcript o2_therapy.ppt

Oxygen Therapy
Fraction of Inspired Oxygen
(FiO2)
• (FiO2) is the percentage of oxygen in the
air
• Natural air includes 21% oxygen,
• It is called room air
• oxygen therapy means; higher-thanatmospheric FiO2.
• higher FiO2 than 0.21, up to 1.00, which
means 100% oxygen
Oxygen Therapy
Administration of oxygen at an Fio2 > 21%
• Oxygen is a drug
– Has a Drug Identification Number (DIN)
– Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas
– Makes up 21% of room air
– Is NOT flammable but does support
combustion.
Indications for Oxygen
Therapy
• Hypoxemia
– Inadequate amount of oxygen in the blood
– SPO2 < 90%
• Excessive work of breathing
• Excessive myocardial workload
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• Hypoxemia
• decrease in the arterial oxygen content in
the blood
Clinical Manifestations of
Hypoxemia
• Impaired judgment, agitation (restlessness),
disorientation, confusion, lethargy, coma
• Dyspnea
• Tachypnea
• Tachycardia, dysrhythmias
• Elevated BP
• Diaphoresis
• Central cyanosis
Need For Oxygen Is Assessed
By
• Clinical evaluation
• Pulse oximetry
• ABG
Methods of Dispensing Oxygen
• Oxygen Cylinder
• Oxygen wall outlet
Oxygen Delivery
Devices
Nasal Cannula
• Used for low-medium of O2
• Simple
• Can use continuously with meals
and activity
• Flow rates 1-4L lM
Remember
• 1lit o2=FIO2 4%
• 6 lit o2=Fio2 24%
• 21%+24%=Fio2 45%
Simple Face Mask
• Low to medium concentration of O2
• Client exhales through ports on sides
of mask
• O2 flow rate- 6 to 8L
• Can cause skin breakdown; must
remove to eat.
• Interfere with eating and talking
Non-Re breathing Mask
• Consists of
1. Mask
2. reservoir bag
3. one-way valves
• Client can only inhale from
reservoir bag
• Bag must remain inflated at
all times
• O2 flow rate- 10 to 15L
Fio2= 95-100%
Venturi Mask
• Most accurate method for
delivering O2 concentration
• Can regulate the oxygen
concentration precisely
• Consists of a mask with a jet
• O2 flow rate 4 to 15 L
Nebulization Mask
• Use to administer
bronchodilator
medications
• Keep in up right
position
• Keep flow rate to
make vapor
• Nebulizer without
mask
Tracheostomy Collar/Mask
• O2 flow rate 8 to 10 L
• Provides accurate FIO2
• Provides good humidity;
comfortable
Face Tent
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Low flow
O2 wet
O2 flow, 4-8 lit
Fio2=40%
Pulse Oximetry
• Non-invasive monitoring technique that
estimates the oxygen saturation of Hgb
(SaO2)
• May be used continuously or intermittently
• Must correlate values with physical
assessment findings
• Normal SaO2 values – 95 to 100%
Pulse Oximetry
Nursing Interventions Related to
Pulse Oximetry Monitoring
• Determine if strength of signal is adequate
• Notify physician if SaO2 < 92% or outside
specific ordered limits
• If continuously monitored, evaluate sensor site
every 8 hrs and move PRN
• Document SaO2, O2 requirements, client’s
activity according to policy
Oxygen Therapy
• Goal of therapy is an SPO2 of >90%
• As SPO2 normalizes the patients vital signs should
improve”
– Heart rate should return to normal for patient
– Respiratory rate should decrease to normal for patient
– Blood pressure should normalize for patient
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optimization oxygen
• Can I improve the mechanics of
breathing?
– Patient position
– Pursed lip breathing
– Abdominal breathing.
– Anxiety relief?
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