Transcript EEDN_PAC_afternoon.ppt

CE-focused EEDN projects
• Consumer Electronic Data/Network Links
– Reducing power consumption of network links
• Consumer Electronic Inter-device Power
Control
– Reducing induced consumption of networked
devices
• Set-Top Boxes (STB)
– Look “outside the box” for energy savings
Builder-Installed Miscellaneous (Misc)
– Address electronic devices in new homes
Agenda
10:30
Welcome, Introductions, Project Overview
11:15
Energy Efficient Ethernet
11:35
Network Connectivity Proxying
12:15
Energy Efficiency Specs for Network Equipment
12:45
Break / Pick up lunch
1:00
Consumer Electronic Data/Network Links
1:15
Consumer Electronic Inter-device Power Control
1:45
Set-Top Boxes
2:00
Builder-Installed Miscellaneous
2:10
Energy Star Perspective
2:20
General Discussion
3:00
Next Steps (discuss Building Networks, if time)
3:30
Adjourn
Links: Observations
• Useful standards are not always implemented
• Useful standards not always created
• Consumer-electronic data/network links
problematic
• IEEE 1394 (aka FireWire, i.Link) power saving
modes not widely implemented
• Focused work in EEDN project could turn this
around
• A comprehensive project should address both IT
and CE oriented products and networks
Links: Scope and Plan
Original
• Describe full range of IEEE 1394 power-saving features
• Evaluate energy saving potentials from these
• Create plan to transform market to using these
But….
• IEEE 1394 continued to lose market share
• IEEE 802 “Audio/Video Bridging” process created
• Possibility of conflict between EEE and AVB
Links: AVB
What is AVB?
• Mechanism to enable Ethernet (and WiFi) to be used
for time-sensitive audio and video applications
Who is doing it?
• IEEE 802.1 (Management) - defines protocols for
IEEE 802 networks
Intended market
• Links between audio and video products (primarily
residential)
Why do AVB?
• Ethernet does not guarantee timing or Quality-of-Service
What is concern?
• If AVB and EEE conflict, would likely lead to
disabling of EEE on AVB links; could be many links
Links: Scope and Plan
New Plan
• Assess EEE for how it could affect AVB
• Assess AVB for how it could affect EEE
• Draw conclusions about each
• Circulate for review within each Task Force
• Propose a resolution for any problems that arise
• Subcontractor: John Nels Fuller
Links: Results
Issues at intersection of EEE and AVB
• Timing of low-power idle exited; can be addressed in
802.1BA, under development
• Limiting additional wait time when streams are active;
EEE should provide a method and 802.1BA should
describe it
• Guidance on when LPI should engage for different
usages; put this in 802.1BA
• Need one minor change to EEE, one minor change to
802.1BA, and completion of 802.1BA
Otherwise, EEE and AVB seem compatible
Links: Next Steps and Summary
Next Steps for EEDN
• Prepare last report
Beyond EEDN
• Finish IEEE 802.1BA
• Assess other CE links (e.g. MOCA)
• Assess IEEE 1722 (higher layer protocols for AVB)
Summary
• EEE and AVB not inherently in conflict
• Some further work needed
• EEE could save large amounts of energy
in AVB links
Agenda
10:30
Welcome, Introductions, Project Overview
11:15
Energy Efficient Ethernet
11:35
Network Connectivity Proxying
12:15
Energy Efficiency Specs for Network Equipment
12:45
Break / Pick up lunch
1:00
Consumer Electronic Data/Network Links
1:15
Consumer Electronic Inter-device Power Control
1:45
Set-Top Boxes
2:00
Builder-Installed Miscellaneous
2:10
Energy Star Perspective
2:20
General Discussion
3:00
Next Steps (discuss Building Networks, if time)
3:30
Adjourn
CE Control: Observations
• Many devices do not power down when idle
• Knowing which devices should be on (or are on) isn’t easy
• Users leave devices powered on without returning
• Network connectivity between devices is under utilized
CE Control: Savings Opportunity
• Consumer electronics consumed 82 TWh in 2006*
• > 80% of energy used in the “on” mode
• Surveys suggest that devices are on and in use as much
as they are on and idle
• Reducing time in on mode critical to reducing overall
energy use
*Excluding computer equipment, K Roth, Tiax rpt D5525, 2007
CE Control: Scope of Study
• Identify and characterize power control methods
• Develop use scenarios
• Develop schemes to accomplish power control
–General power control philosophies
–Specific schemes relevant to today’s standards
• Work with standards bodies to amend standards
• Support relevant Energy Star specifications
CE Control: Plan
Original Focus
Revised Focus
IEEE 1394 and related CEA
standards
HDMI and legacy analog/digital
standards
Manual user controls
Automatic power control
Develop schemes to implement power control
Specify how to amend industry standards
Meet with standards bodies to push development
Work with Energy Star on relevant
specifications
CE Control: Focus Change
• HDMI is the leading network standard in CE
–TVs, DVD/Blu-Ray, A/V receivers, STB, etc.
• Huge number of legacy devices
–Current HDMI, old analog or digital sources/sinks
• Change from user controlled to automatic
–Users are confused, forgetful and leave devices on
–Legacy devices make cooperative control difficult
CE Control: HDMI and Legacy Standards
• HDMI
–High speed, raw digital connection
–Video, audio, sink information
–Consumer electronic controls channel
• Used as a proprietary means to implement features
• Bravia Sync, AnyNet+, etc
• Still many other common standards
–S/PDIF (digital audio)
–Component/Composite/S Video
–Coaxial Cable
–Ethernet
CE Control: Use Case: TV as Sink
Condition: Source stops providing content and is idle
Source
TV
Result
Non-Compliant
Non-Compliant
Source: Remains in high power state
TV: Remains in high power state
Compliant
Non-Compliant
Source: Powers down after X time
TV: Remains in high power state
Non-Compliant
Compliant
Source: Remains in high power state
TV: Powers down after X time w/o input
Compliant
Compliant
Source: Powers down after X time
TV: Powers down with source
Problems
How long to wait before TV power down warning?
CE Control: Use Case Development
• Hierarchical structures
• Automatic source selection and power control
Key goal:
Make power control transparent to user so they do
not disable it.
CE Control: Power Control Philosophy
Devices should:
• Have a 3-state power model
• Maintain network connectivity while asleep
• Advertise power state changes
• Make decision regarding their own state
• Be capable of observing link state (signal present?)
• Power down after period without active source/sink
• Power down after period without performing primary function
• Make links appear inactive when no active content
CE Control: HDMI Power Control Scheme
• Source pulls up +5V when it is providing content
–Pulls down +5V when not actively providing content
• Sink pulls up HPD when ready to receive from source
–HPD low when using other source, powered down
• Source and sink power down after X minutes when HPD
or +5V is not detected on active line
CE Control: Next Steps
• Review power control standards
–HDMI CEC, DNLA, CEA
• Use case exploration
• Power control scheme development
• Lay ground work for standardization
Beyond EEDN:
• Uniformity of philosophy across standards
• Standardization of power control schemes
• Push for STB, TV CEC compatibility
CE Control: Summary
• Automatic power control deals with a difficult reality
–Many legacy analog/digital connections
–Uncooperative HDMI connections
–Poor user utilization of manual power control
• Schemes are underdevelopment to maximize energy
savings
• Working with HDMI and Energy Star to improve adoption
Agenda
10:30
Welcome, Introductions, Project Overview
11:15
Energy Efficient Ethernet
11:35
Network Connectivity Proxying
12:15
Energy Efficiency Specs for Network Equipment
12:45
Break / Pick up lunch
1:00
Consumer Electronic Data/Network Links
1:15
Consumer Electronic Inter-device Power Control
1:45
Set-Top Boxes
2:00
Builder-Installed Miscellaneous
2:10
Energy Star Perspective
2:20
General Discussion
3:00
Next Steps (discuss Building Networks, if time)
3:30
Adjourn
STB: Observations
• Set-top boxes growing in features, energy use, and
saturation
• Most STB selected by service provider
• For most STB, Off power not much different from On
• Increasing use of IP networking for both up- and
downstream connections
% of Satellite STB Sales
50%
% with DVR
47%
44%
41%
% with HD Recording
40%
37%
% of Sales
31%
28%
30%
27%
22%
20%
16%
15%
10%
10%
5%
0%
2005
2006e
2007p
2008p
2009p
2010p
STB: Savings Opportunity
• STB energy use projected
to increase
40
Frozen Efficiency
• Active-mode efficiency
improvements limited
Reference Case
Alternative Policy 1
US Consumption (TWh)
• “Enhanced Energy Star”
could limit growth
35
• Need technologies to
enable low power modes
30
Alternative Policy 2
25
20
15
10
5
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
STB: Scope and Plan
• Original
– Conduct STB market assessment
– Identify common STB configurations & features
– Select high-consumer for further analysis
– Develop energy efficient STB reference design
(“inside the box”)
– Work with policymakers and standards bodies to
promote reference design
• But…
– Paper studies of hardware designs not convincing
– Network connections have biggest influence on
energy use
– “Think outside the box”
Example Reference Design (DTA)
Source: 2006 PG&E CASE Report
STB: Revised Plan
Original Focus
Revised Focus
Conduct market assessment
Develop reference design
Conduct detailed assessment of
physical links and network protocols
used in STB
Implement reference design
Develop action plan for energy
efficient STB networks
STB: Next Steps
• EEDN
– Complete market assessment
– Conduct STB networking assessment
– Write action plan
• Beyond EEDN
– Implement action plan
Agenda
10:30
Welcome, Introductions, Project Overview
11:15
Energy Efficient Ethernet
11:35
Network Connectivity Proxying
12:15
Energy Efficiency Specs for Network Equipment
12:45
Break / Pick up lunch
1:00
Consumer Electronic Data/Network Links
1:15
Consumer Electronic Inter-device Power Control
1:45
Set-Top Boxes
2:00
Builder-Installed Miscellaneous
2:10
Energy Star Perspective
2:20
General Discussion
3:00
Next Steps (discuss Building Networks, if time)
3:30
Adjourn
Misc: Observations
• Previous PIER-funded LBNL research found that the “Other” end use
dominated energy consumption in low-energy homes
• Average new home in CA consumes 50 W continuously, before the
buyer even walks in the door
Electricity Use of New Low-energy Homes
84%
12,000
62%
51%
54%
8,000
55%
65%
46%
84%
88%
6,000
71%
57%
4,000
2,000
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Annual kWh
10,000
End-Uses
Water Heating
Cooling
Heating
"Other"
Misc: Annual Energy Consumption for
Builder-Installed Equipment in New Homes
Misc: Scope of Study
• Select a few types of builder-installed equipment
to analyze in detail
• Measure power use of small sample of devices
• Collect other data through web searches, newhome walkthroughs, etc.
• Write up recommended purchasing advice for
builders
• Develop action plan for next phases
Devices Selected for Metering
Misc: GFCI No-load Power
“Smart” Irrigation Controllers Have Higher
Standby Power
Misc: Next Steps
• EEDN
– Complete report on builder-installed equipment
analysis
– Write action plan
• Beyond EEDN
– Investigate more product types (structured wiring,
security systems, etc.)
– Conduct field metering
Agenda
10:30
Welcome, Introductions, Project Overview
11:15
Energy Efficient Ethernet
11:35
Network Connectivity Proxying
12:15
Energy Efficiency Specs for Network Equipment
12:45
Break / Pick up lunch
1:00
Consumer Electronic Data/Network Links
1:15
Consumer Electronic Inter-device Power Control
1:45
Set-Top Boxes
2:00
Builder-Installed Miscellaneous
2:10
Energy Star Perspective
2:20
General Discussion
3:00
Next Steps (discuss Building Networks, if time)
3:30
Adjourn
Agenda
10:30
Welcome, Introductions, Project Overview
11:15
Energy Efficient Ethernet
11:35
Network Connectivity Proxying
12:15
Energy Efficiency Specs for Network Equipment
12:45
Break / Pick up lunch
1:00
Consumer Electronic Data/Network Links
1:15
Consumer Electronic Inter-device Power Control
1:45
Set-Top Boxes
2:00
Builder-Installed Miscellaneous
2:10
Energy Star Perspective
2:20
General Discussion
3:00
Next Steps (discuss Building Networks, if time)
3:30
Adjourn
Building Networks
“Networking the Real World “ —
The other 90% of Buildings Electricity
Climate (heating, cooling, ventilation), Lighting, Appliances, Security, …
…and human beings
Building Networks (1)
Current approaches to modernizing building control
• Short-term implementation
• Utility oriented
• Centralized control
• Insufficient attention to interoperability
• Little attention to needs of occupants
Building Networks (2)
Need two-track strategy for building controls
• Short-term strategy is fine as-is
• Long-term
– Adopt goal of “Universal Interoperability”
– Learn from development of Internet
– Use distributed intelligence model
– Begin with users, user interface
– Design around functionality, not energy
– Use price as principal coordination with rest of world