The Stuff of Everything… …even water and life

What is matter?

 Three

Properties

of

Matter

: 1.

2.

3.

has

mass

takes up

space

shows

inertia

(

force

needed to

change motion

)

What is matter?

 Four

states

of matter:

1.

Solid 2.

Liquid 3.

Gas 4.

Plasma

Can matter change?

 Matter can

change

in two ways:

1.

2.

Physical

– a change in the

appearance

or

state

of matter

Chemical

– a change in the

chemical make-up

of matter

Can matter change?

P

Melting Ice

P

Water Freezing

C C C

Burning Wood Rusting Iron Animal Decaying

C C C

Rotting Wood Souring Milk Enzymes Digesting Food

P P P P

Water Evaporating Making Glass from Sand Water Boiling Salt Dissolving in Water

What is matter made of?



Composition

of matter:

1.

2.

3.

Elements Compounds Mixtures

What is an element?

 An

element

is a

basic substance

of matter and

cannot

be broken down by

chemical

means.

 There are about

90 naturally

occurring elements.

discovered

.

117

have been

What is an element?

 Elements are represented by chemical

symbols

(

letters

) shown in the

Periodic Table of the Elements

.

Common Elements of Life

Name Symbol Name Symbol

Hydrogen

H

Phosphorus

P

Oxygen Carbon

O C

Potassium Sulfur

K S

Sodium Chlorine Nitrogen

Na Cl N

Calcium Iron Magnesium

Ca Fe Mg

What is an element?

 The

smallest unit

an

atom

.

of an element is  Atoms are the

building blocks matter

.

of

What is an atom?

Electron Proton Atom Nucleus Neutron

What is an atom?

 Atoms have 3 subatomic particles:

Particle Proton Neutron Electron Charge Mass + 1 0 1 0 Function Add mass Add mass Bonding Symbol p+ Location Nucleus N e Nucleus Electron Cloud

What is an atom?

 Electrons orbit atoms in

levels

called

shells

.

 Atoms like to have their shells

filled

.

What is an atom?



K or 1 st

Shell – closest to the nucleus holding up to

2

electrons 

L or 2 nd

Shell – can hold up to a maximum of

8

electrons 

M or 3 rd

shell – can hold up to a maximum of

18

electrons

What is an atom?

 The number of protons (

atomic number

) in an atom will determine its elemental properties.

 The periodic table of the elements shows known elements

by their

atomic number.

What is an atom?

 In atoms, the number of

protons

equals the number of

electrons

giving the atom an overall

neutral

charge.

 The number of protons plus neutrons in an atom is the

atomic mass number

.

Using The Periodic Table

1

Atomic Number

H

Element Symbol

Hydrogen 1.0079

Element Name Atomic Mass

Using The Periodic Table Atomic Number =

8

Mass Number =

16

Number of protons =

8

Number of electrons =

8

Number of Neutrons =

8 8 8

Using The Periodic Table

Element Atomic Number Mass Number # of protons # of electrons # of neutrons Calcium Silver Gold Uranium 20 47 79 92 40 108 197 238 20 47 79 92 20 47 79 92 20 61 118 146