Behavioral Intentions, Expectations and Willingness
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Transcript Behavioral Intentions, Expectations and Willingness
“Behavioral Intentions,
Expectations and
Willingness”
Gibbons and Gerrard, 1997, National Cancer Institute
Justin Roudabush
Oregon State University
Outline
Definition and Significance of Behavioral Intention
Causes of Variance
Moderators
Alternative Proximal Measurements
Implementation Intentions
Behavioral Expectations
Behavioral Willingness
TRA + TPB
Behavioral
Beliefs
Attitude Towards
the Behavior
Normative
Beliefs
Subjective
Norm
Control
Beliefs
Perceived Behavioral
Control
Intention
Behavior
The TTI Developmental-Ecological System
Levels of
Causation
E
Ultimate
Underlying
Causes
Values
Environment
S
ENVIRONMENT
Situation
Person
E
P
P S
P
Knowledge
Environment
S
E
Distal
Predisposing
Influences
Value
Social SelfCom- Role
Bonds Control petence Models
Eval Mc
Att SNB Self
Proximal
Immediate
Predictors
Exp
NB
Will + Skill
SNB
Know
Att
Efficacy
Intentions
Behavior
DEVELOPMENT & TIME
Lost in Translation
Most value-expectancy theories contain an Intention element
Explains some variance between Intention and Behavior (HB)
Can account for 20-30% of this variance
HB
HB
Intention
HB
HB
HB
Definition
“amount of effort one is willing to exert to attain a goal”
“behavioral plans that……enable attainment of a behavioral
goal”
“proximal goals”
“intentions can be conceived of as goal states”
Measurement
Aggregation – include multiple items
Compatibility – BI and measures should included exactly the
same “action, target, context and time”
Commitment – more important to the individual
Predictability Concerns
Stability – consistency over time
Time Lag – diminishes over time
Emotion – at the time of execution
Moderators
Perceived Behavioral Control
Complexity
Social Desirability
Social Involvement
Perceived Behavioral Control
(PBC)
Perceived control over a behavior
Actual Ability to control behavior
When both are high the relationship is more likely to be
positive
When one or the other is low then outcome is less
predictable
Complexity
Require a series of actions to complete
People overestimate likelihood of completing all actions
Only takes failure on one action to fail completely
“Literal Inconsistency”
Tendency to not do what you said you would do
Say you will do the behavior but don’t follow through
Say you won’t and don’t
Same issue exists for Socially Undesirable Behaviors
Health Risks
Social Involvement
Interventions between BI and HB can be most effective
when:
Follow up and measurement between BI and HB is earlier
HB includes significant habitual components
Perceived and actual control are low
Health risks are involved under social contexts
Intrapersonal Stream
BIOLOGY/
PERSONALITY
1
2
Sense of
Self/Control
Self
Determination
13
8
Skills:
Social+General
14
SELF-EFFICACY
BEHAVIORAL
CONTROL
Cultural/Attitudinal Stream
SOCIAL
SITUATION
3
Social
Competence
7
Social/Normative Stream
4
Interpersonal
Bonding
Others’
Beh & Atts
9
10
Motivation
to Comply
Perceived
Norms
15
16
SOCIAL
NORMATIVE
BELIEFS
DECISIONS/INTENTIONS
PBC, Complexity, Literal
Inconsistency, Social Involvement
CULTURAL
ENVIRONMENT
5
6
Interactions w/
Social Instit’s
Information/
Opportunities
11
12
Values/
Evaluations
17
Knowledge/
Expectancies
18
ATTITUDES
TOWARD THE
BEHAVIOR
Alternative Proximal Antecedants
Implementation Intentions
Behavioral Expectations
Behavioral Willingness
Implementation Intentions (II)
Make the abstract more concrete
Create specific goals related BI to HB
Ideal for use with complex behaviors
Good for situational cues/prompts
Behavioral Expectations (BE)
Subjective probability of performance
Prediction versus plan (BI)
Accounts for additional influences: circumstances, past
behaviors, anticipated changes
Ideal for undesirable and/or difficult behaviors
Behavioral Willingness (BW)
BI less effective for measuring adolescents and/or behavior
involving health risks
HB is not intentional, but a reaction to social circumstances
Openness to risk opportunity
Survey of capabilities of risky behavior if the opportunity is
encountered
Ideal for adolescents and risky behaviors
Best Fit
Health promoting behaviors: use BI combined with II
Complex behaviors with control aspects: use BI with PBC
Social Desirability, commitment tenuous, low perceived
control: use BE
Health risk, adolescents, social reactions: use BW and BE
E
Values
Environment
S
ENVIRONMENT
Situation
Person
P
P
E
P S
Knowledge
Environment
S
E
Value
Social SelfCom- Role
Bonds Control petence Models
Eval Mc
Will + Skill
Att SNB Self
NB
SNB
Know
Exp
Att
Efficacy
Proximal
Antecedants
Intentions
(BI, BE, BW)
Social Context,
Maturity, Anxiety,
Complexity, Level of
Control, etc……..
Behavior