Transcript Status Report: development of new courses for Piloting

United States Power Squadrons®
Advanced Piloting Course
(Coastal Navigation)
Chapter 3
Fixes
Educational Officer – Dave West
[email protected] - 651-429-3840
Assistant Educational Officer – David Moberg
[email protected] – 715-386-8582
Instructor – Art Mollica
[email protected] - 651-777-0277
Any questions on homework from Chapter 1?
1.
The chart projection used for U.S. coastal areas is: (b) Mercator.
2.
An advantage of the Mercator projection is: (c) lines of latitude and longitude
3.
When comparing a land mass at a latitude of 70ºN on a Mercator chart with a
comparable size land mass near the equator, the: (b) land mass at 70 ºN will
are at right angles to each other.
appear larger.
4.
Polyconic projections are useful especially when traveling over great distances. (b)
5.
As long as a Polyconic chart is limited in extent, the curvature of the grid lines is
negligible and the chart is very accurate. (a) True
6.
On a Polyconic projection, the parallels of latitude are straight lines. (b) False
7.
In planning a cruise, the steering error that can be expected under normal weather
conditions is: (b) between 3 º to 5 º.
8.
The smaller your boat’s compass, the easier it is to read. (b) False
9.
One of the most important advantages of pre-plotting a cruise is that it tells you:
False
(c) areas of hazard to be avoided.
10. When underway in waters near land, it’s best to plot GPS fixes and time every:
(c) hour or so.
Any questions on homework from Chapter 1?
11. Raster formatted digital charts: (b) have the look and feel of traditional paper
charts.
12. Vector formatted digital charts: (d) are easily stored on chips or cartridges.
13. Digital charts are less accurate than traditional paper charts. (b) False
14. Using the zoom function on a raster digital chart increases the precision of detail.
(b) False
15. Chart scale is a factor in determining the accuracy of a digital chart, therefore:
(b) a large scale chart covers a small area with great detail.
16. The use of a Chartplotter requires: (d) input from a digital chart to activate
the display.
Any questions on homework from Chapter 2?
1.
Computer-assisted navigation systems are: (b) useful for planning a cruise in
2.
The most accurate radar fix is obtained by: (d) using simultaneous ranges to
3.
An electronic bearing line (EBL) lays a line of bearing over a target to:
4.
The variable range marker (VRM) on the radar display screen is used to determine:
5.
Range rings on a radar display screen allow the operator to estimate the:
6.
According to the rules of relative motion: (b) all fixed objects appear to be
7.
According to the rules of relative motion, on a boat’s radar screen when your boat
increases speed going forward, all relative motion tends to move toward the bottom
of the display screen. (a) True
8.
Fixed objects can be differentiated from moving objects on the radar screen by
noting which objects appear to be moving: (d) downward on the radar screen
the comfort on one’s home or office.
two or more known points.
(b) determine the bearing to the target.
(c) distance to a target.
(a) distance to a displayed object.
moving in the direction opposite from your boat’s motion.
in relation to your boat’s course and speed.
Any questions on homework from Chapter 2?
9.
A “lollypop” displayed on a radar screen is a dashed line to a circle: (b) indicating
a GPS waypoint.
10. A depth sounder, when combined with another navigation tool, can be used to
estimate a boat’s position. (a) True
11. The primary purpose of a depth sounder is to: (c) determined water depth
below the hull of a boat.
12. Depth sounders can be used to crosscheck the proper functioning of the GPS.
(a) True
Visual Bearing Limitations
 Multiple Bearings
• Simultaneous Bearings Often Difficult
• Landmarks not Separated Sufficiently
• Landmarks too Far Away
• Only one Landmark available
 Two Bearings on same Landmark
• Sight Landmark from Different Directions
• Second Bearing Somewhat Later
• Called ‘Running Fix’
 Advance First Bearing to Current Position
 Use Distance Run to Determine How Far
Slide 6
Running Fix
N “3”
1012 RFix
Slide 7
Running Fix
N “9”
1445 RFix
C “14”
Slide 8
Running Fix (open ocean)
 Taught in JN
 Charts not available
• Create on using CLS
 NavAids not available
 Sights on Sun
• Morning
• Noon
• Evening
 Advance
• Morning to noon
• Noon to evening
• Evening to morning
Slide 9
Exercise 3 - 1
Take out Bowditch Bay Chart.
Using two bearings on the same
landmark and advance an LOP to
plot a Running Fix.
0955 RFix
0900
Visual
You
T = are
355nearly
Vdue
D
M
=
= (ST)
north
015W
099
/ of
60
41º 42.7’N
M=
D
V
=G6.0x29/60
6.0x26/60
010
015W
C”1”,
72º 01.6’W
confirming
D = 2.9nm
T
2.6nm
000 your
084
C =position
010
C=
D=
M=
V=
T=
260
310
000
260
310
015W
245
295
At 0900, depart R”2” Fl R 4s Oyster
River on a true course of 355. Speed
is 6.0 Kn.
At 0926, you take a hand bearing
compass bearing of 310 on Chapman
Point Light.
At 0955, you take a second compass
bearing of 260 on Chapman Point
Light.
With these two bearings, plot a
running fix.
What are the coordinates of the 0955
running fix?
Seaman’s Eye: What can you use to
confirm the accuracy of the 0955 fix?
At 0955, you take up a magnetic
heading of 099. You increase your
speed to 12 Kn.
Slide 10
Homework Exercise 3-1
Running Fix
1300
GPS
At 1300, depart from a
GPS fix of L 41º 45.0’ N,
Lo 71º 55.0’ W on true
course of 230º and speed
of 6.0kn.
At 1330, take a handbearing compass bearing
of 318º on “Fl R 6s Horn.”
0955 RFix
1355 RFix
At 1355, take a handbearing compass bearing
of 280º on “Chapman Pt
“Fl 6s”
Plot 1355 running fix.
What are the
coordinates?
L 41º 41.6’ N
Lo 72º 01.7’ W
Take up a heading to RW
“OR” Mo(A).
0900
Visual
Radar Fix
 Compare with Chart
• Identifiable features
 Distinct Shorelines
 Isolated Buoys
 Plot
• Convert Relative Bearings
• Distance & Bearing to return echoes
 Accuracy
• Short Distances (<1/4nm): EBL 55ft; VRM 30ft
• Medium Distances (<2nm): EBL 300ft; VRM 75ft
• Long Distances (>3nm): EBL 650ft; VRM 200ft
Slide 12
Radar Plotting Board
1/2rr
CPA / TCPA
1004 2.4nm 084º R
1010 1.4nm 064º R
1016 1.0nm 028º R
1016
1010
1004
Modern, high-end radar
uses mini-automatic radar
plotting aid (MARPA) –
allowing you to identify
vessel, speed, bearing,
closest point of approach
and time to closest point of
approach.
Slide 13
Radar Images
 Buoys are Point Targets
• Challenge: Uniquely Identify Buoy
 Shoreline Less Defined
•
•
•
•
Shapes Change with Each Sweep
Only See Forward Slope
Low-lying Areas may not Provide Echoes
Look for Point Features of Shoreline
 Look for Prominent Regions
• Get Distance from each Feature
• Approximate Position Likely
Slide 14
Position by Radar
Slide 15
Position by Radar
3nm
R/R
275ºM
1/2
AUTO
H – UP
M
VRM1
EBL2
+
EBL1
EBL 1
245.0º R
VRM 1
01.80 NM
CURSOR
BRG 000º
RNG 01.8NM
EBL 2
020.0º R
VRM 2
00.00 NM
Slide 16
Position by Radar
+
Slide 17
Position by Radar
EBL1 245ºR
EBL2 020ºR
Range 1.8nm
Time Radar
MC 275º
RB 245º
520º
360º
MB 160º
V 15ºW
TB 145º
Slide 18
Exercise 3 – 2
Take out Bowditch Bay Chart.
Using a radar range and a radar bearing on two objects,
plot a radar fix.
You depart RG “CP” Fl (2+1) R 6s at 0900 on a magnetic
heading of 112. Speed is 6.0 Kn.
M 122º
V 15ºW
T 107º
0900
Visual
Slide 19
Exercise 3 – 2
3nm
R/R
1/2
112ºM
AUTO
H – UP
M
+
At 0950, this is your radar screen image, plot a radar fix.
EBL 1
245.0º R
VRM 1
01.50 NM
CURSOR
BRG 000º
RNG 00.0NM
EBL 2
000.0º R
VRM 2
00.00 NM
Slide 20
Exercise 3 – 2
Take out Bowditch Bay Chart.
Using a radar range and a radar bearing on two objects,
plot a radar fix.
0900
Visual
0950 Radar
Slide 21
Homework Exercise 3-2
Radar Position
Determine where you are based on the
radar screen below.
What are the coordinates of your position?
L 41º 38.7’ N Lo 72º 05.1’ W
Which of the returns are from buoys?
Which buoys?
RG “CP”
R “14”
G “11”
G “13”
R “4”
R “16” G “15”
10 MINUTE BREAK
10
9
8
7TAKE
6 YOUR
5
4 SEATS
3
2
PLEASE
1
United States Power Squadrons®
Advanced Piloting Course
(Coastal Navigation)
Chapter 4
Avoidance Techniques
Educational Officer – Dave West
[email protected] - 651-429-3840
Assistant Educational Officer – David Moberg
[email protected] – 715-386-8582
Instructor – Art Mollica
[email protected] - 651-777-0277
Danger Bearings
VSSPR36
VSSPR34
Slide 25
Exercise 4-1
Danger Bearing
TWRN
1058 – 1000 = 0058
60D = ST
D = 7x58/60
D = 6.8
1058 GPS
C 105M
S 7.0
T = 090
V= 15W
M = 105
Plot waypoint “TWRN” at
Tower R Lt north of
Channel Island and
“ORRW” at RW “OR” Mo
“A”.
At 1000 depart ORRW for
TWRN at 7.0kn.
Plot a danger bearing that
will keep you west of
Channel Island, coming no
closer than the 12ft
sounding curve.
T = 015
V = 15W
M = 030
ORRW
1000 T = 022
V = 15W
M = 037
Take a GPS fix when you
reach a point 2.1nm from
TWRN and the waypoint
bears 037ºM.
From this fix, take up a
magnetic heading of 105º
and increase speed to
9.0kn.
Slide 26
Danger Sector
DANCHI
Slide 27
Crosstrack Error (XTE)
AISI1
0.6nm
XTE 0.3nm
C 270M
AISI2
Slide 28
Exercise 4-2
Crosstrack Error
Plot waypoint “BB17” at 41º 38.8’ N 71º 55.0’ W and “BB18” at 41º 38.8’ N
72º 06.7’ W. Using these waypoints as your intended course line plot and
label a crosstrack error which will provide a safe passage.
XTE 1.0
C 285M
BB18
BB17
T = 270
M = 15W
M = 285
Slide 29
Danger Circle
WFBPS
Slide 30
Exercise 4-3
Danger Circle
DCIR
D NLT 0.3
D NLT 1.5
Using a charted
visible object, plot
and label a danger
circle around the
rocks at Rocky
Neck Point.
Create a GPS
waypoint and plot
and label a danger
circle around the
rocks south of
Channel Island.
DRNPR
Slide 31
Exercise 4-4
Radar Avoidance
0.5
D NLT 1.3
Plot and label a
radar danger circle
to avoid the rocky
area to the south
of Channel Island
to ensure you stay
at least 0.5 nm
away from the
rocks as you
navigate on a true
course of 270º.
Slide 32
Alarm Zones
Slide 33
Questions ? … Comments
Slide 34
Homework
 Read Chapters 5 – Student Guide
 Do Part I and II of the Weekend Cruise
 Next Class – 3 May
Slide 35