Transcript Smart Grids - HED – Hrvatsko energetsko društvo

Smartening the grid in praxis:
the next 15 years
Tahir Kapetanovic
Head of National Control Centre
Austrian Power Grid AG
23rd WEC Energy Forum
Zagreb, 28. November 2014
~15 years from now …
• organically grown fuels will be „No. 1“,
• nano-machines will be cleaning cardio-vascular system,
• intelligent pills will be used in curing cancer,
• driverless cars will become common appearance on streets,
• nanotech will revolutionize photovoltaic use,
• ? today‘s ~50-years old will be (close to) retirement,
•
?! EU climate & energy policy goals 2030 will be achieved.
Narrow-minded fear or justified concern ?
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What are we talking about
EU climate and energy policy goals 2030
(„40% less CO2 in 2030 than in 1990“)
&
European electricity sector
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The (grey) past
Simple roles &
Simple roles &
responsiresponsibilities
bilities
Security of
Supply by
politics
Relatively
easy to
comprehend
IT/data
Conventional
Conventional
generation:
generation:
no volatility &
no volatility &
stability = OK
stability = OK
Risk-free
Risk-free
planning
planning
Only one kind
of actors (VIU)
„Self-sustainability“ and
simple merit
order
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The (colourful and challenging) present
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The new smart future ?!, and what about …
… roles &
responsibilities?
… security of
operation &
supply in
market?
… dealing with
overall IT
complexity?
… generation
mix
challenge?
… risk management?
… nondiscriminatory
treatment of
all actors?
… „repairing“
(technically)
new meritorder?
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Generation mix
•
Some generators are needed at their electrical / geographical
locations to aleviate congestions;
… others are needed for reserves;
… and some are needed for ancillary services.
•
Therefore, even when all RES is integrated in the electric
power system, „system generators“ will be required
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Risk management
•
Trading volatility close to real-time: wind  power exchange
•
Share the tasks  Regional Security Cooperation Initiatives
for coordinated operational planning (load flows, (n-1), …)
Source: http://www.tscnet.eu/
Source:
http://enko2014.jmm.cz/archiv/16_ENKO2014
_Svoboda_EN.pdf
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Non-discrimination
•
With (or even without – because of already high portion and
massive further growth) market maturity, all generation,
including wind and solar, shall be integrated according to the
same principles and rules
•
RES (wind & solar) shall also have chance / obligation to
contribute to market activities & services
•
In times of prevailing infeed (e.g. negative prices), a positive
discrimination might be needed
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„Repairing“ new merit-order
•
Local storage  incentives  market model
Price (t)
(z.B. EPEX Spot)
Wind generation (t)
[MWh]
Feed-in to the grid
Pmin
t
(also 0 € / MWh)
t1
t2
Feed-in tariffs
paid out (t)
t
t1
t2
Feed-in to the storage
(physical, contractual, …)
t
t1
t2
Source: T. Kapetanovic, „Smartening the Grid
– Herausforderung und Praxis in EU und
Österreich“, Springer Verlag, October 2014
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New ancillary services beyond P/f, Q/V & Restoration
•
Inertia / rotating masses of synchronous generators are essential
for system (frequency) stability after disturbances
•
Replacement of (large) synchronous generators by wind & solar
generation  reduced intertia
– Must-run synchronous machines, or
– Synthetic intertia, „complementary“
to the primary control
•
*
§ 15 of ENTSO-E Operational
Security Network Code:
Analysis  Methods  Deployment
* Source: http://www.iee.tuclausthal.de/fileadmin/downloads/20110124_future_grid_stability_w_PV.pdf
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Security of operation & supply in market
•
Coordinated phase-shifters
operation
•
Min. 1 hour before real-time
no more Intraday changes
•
In emergency (e.g. 50.2 Hz) TSO
shall be granted access to all
available / running generation in each control area, in all
Member States
•
Market model & framework must be adjusted to the new
generation mix and market situation
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Dealing with complexity
•
Common Grid Model („object oriented“)  ENTSO-E CGM
Exchange Standard (Source: https://www.entsoe.eu/Documents/CIM_doc
uments/140401_ENTSOE_CGMES_v2_4_13_rev_2.pdf#search=CGMES%20figures)
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A glimpse on smart distribution (bidirectional flows!)
Source: T. Kapetanovic, „Smartening the Grid
– Herausforderung und Praxis in EU und
Österreich“, Springer Verlag, October 2014
a) Distributed generation, no voltage control
UA,B,C(L)
A1
A2
B1
MS
B2
A
Umax
C
Umin
NS
C2
C1
B
L
1
2
UA,B,C(L)
A1
A2
B1
MS
B2
A
Umax
C
Umin
NS
C1
C2
B
1
b) Distributed generation, voltage control direct at generator
L
2
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How much of wordwide CO2 could be affected?
Worldwide greenhouse gas emissions by region
Total greenhouse gas emissions of EU MS by sector
0.13 * 0.31 ~ 4% (total electricity)
 only a portion of that in EU electricity grids!
Sources: www.epa.gov,
www.eea.europa.eu
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Concluding
•
For ambitious EU energy policy goals, bold measures are required
•
Only if all relevant sectors are addressed accordingly (e.g.
transportation!) can we hope for success
•
Electricity sector of Europe is responsible only for small portion of
worldwide CO2, electricity grid part of it is indeed a tiny one
•
The grids (especially transmission) are already smart, getting
smarter and will contribute
•
The outlined tools and framework for that are indispensable
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Thank you for your attention!
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BACK
No more „old“ merit-order
Sun turns load curve upside-down
regular daily load curve
Nuclear generation is
being (or planned to
become) phased out
insulation
new (sum) daily load curve
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Source: http://www.um.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/is/104464/
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Peak-to-base spread dissapears
Gas price takes gasfired generation out
of merit
Phelix Peak/Base annual average
Daily forward front-year Peak/Base
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