Transcript Travel Time Reliability Measures

Moving Freight
Forward
A National Perspective
Crystal Jones
USDOT
Federal Highway
Administration
April 2007
Topical Outline
• Context
• National Initiatives (US DOT)
–National Freight Policy Framework
–Congestion Initiative
• National Initiatives (FHWA)
The Context
• 25% of the U.S. GDP is related to international trade and is
predicted to grow to 35% in the next 20 years.
– US/Canada/Mexico = largest world trading relationship
– $2.2 Billion in trade/day
– 2 Million people legally cross/day
• From 1980 to 2002, truck travel on US highways grew by 90%
while lane-miles of public roads grew by only 5%.
• Between 1998 and 2020, the percentage of urban interstates
carrying 10,000 or more trucks will increase from 27% to 69%.
• U.S. rail traffic is at or near segment capacity in intermodal
corridors and new tracks are not being laid down.
• Potential investment in capacity expansion and operational
improvement (including ITS applications) will have to compete with
existing infrastructure maintenance and improvement
• Congestion impedes timely and reliable freight movements and
threatens business productivity.
Framework for a national
freight policy
Vision
Vision
Objectives
Objective
1
Objective
2
Objective
3
Objective
4
Objective
5
Objective
6
Objective
7
Strategies
Tactics
Task
Activities
Federal
Responsibility
State Local Private
Task
Federal
Responsibility
State Local Private
Task
Federal
Responsibility
State Local Private
Freight policy objectives
1. Improve the operations of the existing freight transportation system
2. Add physical capacity to the freight transportation system in places
where investment makes economic sense
3. Use pricing to better align all costs and benefits between users and
owners of the freight system and to encourage deployment of
productivity-enhancing technologies
4. Reduce or remove statutory, regulatory, & institutional barriers to
improved freight transportation performance
5. Proactively identify and address emerging transportation needs
6. Maximize the safety and security of the freight transportation system
7. Mitigate and better manage the environmental, health, energy, and
community impacts of freight transportation
Overarching themes
• Framework for national, not
Federal, freight policy
• Importance of investment
• Value of public-private
collaboration
• Living document
National Strategy to Reduce Congestion on
America’s Transportation Network
“Mobility is one of our country’s greatest freedoms, but
congestion across all of our transportation modes
continues to limit predictable, reliable movement of people
and goods, and poses a serious threat to continued
economic growth. Congestion no longer affects only roads
in larger urban areas, but is spreading across America.”
-Secretary Mary Peters, October 2006
“Congestion is not a fact of life. We need a new approach
and we need it now.”
- Former Secretary Norman Mineta, May 2006
The Big Picture
• Cost of highway congestion in 2003
– 3.7B hours of travel delay, and 2.3B
gallons of wasted fuel…
– …for a total cost of $63B
– Total costs would be much higher if
unreliability, inventory and
environmental costs (among others)
were included
• Cost of aviation congestion
– Annual commercial airline passenger
delays amount to $9.4B in U.S. delay
costs
Cost of Congestion to U.S.
Businesses
National retailer keeps $2.5B merchandise on-hand, but
adds 10 days of “buffer stock” to its inventory due to rail
delays. Additional stock costs $2.7M annually.
In 2000, congestion at the Ambassador Bridge between
Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, cost motor carriers
between $150M and $200M.
In 2005, congestion at the Otay Mesa and Tecate
crossings, along the California-Mexico border, cost the
U.S. economy $3.7B in output and almost 40,000
jobs.
Atlanta area distributor of pet food with an 11-truck fleet
finds it difficult for one truck to make more than 12
daily deliveries; in 1984, one truck made as many as 20
deliveries each day.
Cost of Congestion in Wasted Time and
Fuel in the Largest Urban Areas
Total Cost
($ in
Millions)
Cost Per
Peak
Traveler
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana CA
$10,686
$1,598
San Francisco-Oakland CA
$2,604
$1,224
Washington DC-VA-MD
$2,465
$1,169
Atlanta GA
$1,754
$1,127
Houston TX
$2,283
$1,061
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington TX
$2,545
$1,012
Chicago IL-IN
$4,274
$976
Detroit MI
$2,019
$955
Miami FL
$2,485
$869
Boston MA-NH-RI
$1,692
$853
Phoenix AZ
$1,295
$831
New York-Newark NY-NJ-CT
$6,780
$824
Philadelphia PA-NJ-DE-MD
$1,885
$641
Metro Area
Why Now?
• Surging public discontent with congestion and “pork” barrel spending
• New advances in technology that can greatly improve system
management and pricing
• Successful congestion reducing demonstrations in major cities
around the world
• Strong private sector investment interest in U.S. infrastructure
• Growing consensus that traditional financing mechanisms for highway
and aviation infrastructure are unsustainable
• Economic benefits of trucking, rail and aviation deregulation
(estimated at $60B/year) increasingly threatened
A Six Point Plan
•
Execute “Urban Partnership Agreements” with 1-5 major metro areas
•
Encourage States to consider enacting public private partnership laws
•
Develop new interstate highway and rail capacity through a “Corridors of
the Future” competition
•
Reduce bottlenecks at major freight gateways, including Southern
California
•
Find and implement solutions to border congestion
•
Accelerate major airport capacity projects, reform airport pricing policies
and overhaul the air traffic control system
FHWA - Office of Freight Management
and Operations – Objectives
• Understand the magnitude and geography of freight
moving on the nation’s transportation system,
including international freight
• Develop strategies, analytical tools, institutional
arrangements, and professional capacities for all
levels of government to address freight movement
• Understand and promote the economic benefits of
freight transportation
• Encourage innovative freight technology & operations
• Enforce commercial vehicle size and weight
requirements
Freight Analysis Framework
(FAF)
• Commodity flows by origin and destination for truck,
rail, and water in 1998, 2010, 2020
• Planned improvements: update base year to 2002
Economic Census, improve coverage, identify
hazmat flows, time of day estimates, provisional
estimates of current year freight activity, etc.
• Applications: policy-sensitive mode split model, links
to policy models, scenario forecasts
• Assure continuation of data sources and explore new
data sources
Freight Analysis Framework (FAF2)
• Origin-Destination Database: 106 CFS regions plus
international gateways
– 2002 benchmark
– Forecasts for 2010, 2015, …, 2035
– Annual provisional estimates
• Network Flow Database
– 2002 benchmark, forecasts, annual provisional
estimates
• Maintain and improve source data and look for new sources
– CFS, ITDS
• Development of local knowledge encouraged in lieu of
dependence on default values from national surveys and
overextended models.
Freight Performance Measurement
Strategic Objective - Global Connectivity
“Facilitate a more efficient domestic and global
transportation system that enables economic growth and
development”
Desired Outcomes
• Reduce transportation-related barriers to traded
• More efficient movement of cargo throughout the supply
chain
Goals
• To reduce travel time in key highway freight corridors.
• To reduce delays of commercial vehicles processed at
• National Highway System border crossings
Outcome Measures
• Travel Time and Reliability on Freight Significant
Highways
• Border Crossing Time
Freight Performance Measurement
• What?
• Methodology use Trucks as Probes
• Automatic Vehicle Location(AVL)/Satellite
Technology
• GPS Coordinates (Date and Time Stamped)
• Unique Carrier ID
• How?
• Partnership with American Transportation Research
Institute, a Satellite Technology Vendor and Carriers
• Data Cleansing techniques allows collection of
collection data from all/most of the vendor’s carrier
subscribers (~250,000 vehicles)
Freight Performance Measurement
• Where?
• 25 Major US Interstates
• Land Border Crossings
• 5 US/Canada Crossings
• US/Mexico under development
• Application of Results
• Provides a quantifiable basis to engage public
and private sector and investigate and explore
causes of delay
• One of several analytical tools that helps get
us to solutions – target resources where
greatest needs exists
Current Effort - 25 Corridors
FPM Border Component
• Data Collection Began 7/01/05 for 5 Crossings
• Blaine (Pacific Highway): Blaine, WA
• Pembina: Pembina, ND
• Ambassador Bridge: Detroit, MI
• Peace Bridge: Buffalo, NY
• Champlain: Champlain, NY
• Effort looks at crossings as well as transportation
network that supports the crossings
Freight Professional
Development
• Section 5204: Training and Education
•
•
•
•
– (h) Freight Planning and Capacity Building Program
Courses, seminars & workshops
– Congestion Mitigation Strategies for Urban Goods Movement (seminar)
– Freight and the Environment (course)
– Uses of Multimodal Freight Forecasts in Transportation Planning
(course)
– Engaging the Private Sector in Transp. Planning (workshop)
Peer-to-peer exchange
Talking Freight
Public sector activity in academic curriculum
SAFETEA-LU Freight
Provisions
• Section 1301: Projects of National and
Regional Significance
• Section 1302: National Corridor
Infrastructure Improvement Program
• Section 1306: Freight Intermodal
Distribution Pilot Grant Program
• Section 5209: National Cooperative
Freight Transportation Research
Program
Key Take-Aways
• The national economy is reliant on a functional transportation
network.
• Today's intermodal freight system is not equipped to handle
predicted growth
• System deficiencies increase operating costs and congestion,
and decrease safety, economic competitiveness, and
environmental quality
• Keeping freight moving requires coordination and collaboration
among varied private and public stakeholders at the
international - national – regional – state – local levels
Additional Information at:
National Policy Framework
http://www.dot.gov/freight/
Congestion Initiative
http://www.fightgridlocknow.gov/
FHWA Freight Programs
http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight
Questions