Ch. 13 -New Global Patterns
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Transcript Ch. 13 -New Global Patterns
Japan Modernizes
Southeast Asia and the Pacific
Self-Rule for Canada, Australia and New Zealand
Economic Imperialism for Latin America
Impact of Imperialism
1)
2)
Explain how IMPERIALISM affected
cultures in the imperialized countries.
Give 2 examples
What were the ADVANTAGES and
DISADVANTAGES brought by colonial
rule? Do you think subject people were
better or worse off as a result of
Imperialism? Explain
Required:
Austria
Denmark
France
Germany
Italy
Norway
Poland
Ireland
Spain
United Kingdom
Extra Credit:
Belguim
Czech Republic
Holland (the Netherlands)
Hungary
Portugal
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
(England)
Discontent in Tokugawa Japan
200 years of Shogun. Corruption/poor leadership brought discontent
Upper/Middle class – economy did not support their lifestyles
Merchant Class – no political power
Government tried to revive old ways
Opening up Japan
External Pressure/Internal Revolt
US Military presence – resisted – won trade concessions
Japanese resented unequal trade agreements
Reforms under the Meiji
(15 year old emperor)
Replacing feudal lords with ne political and social system
Government: Emperor had autocratic power: Diet – elected body
Economic Reforms: modeled after west, economy boomed
Social Change: Ended class distinctions, schools set up
Homogeneous Society allowed for social reforms (ethnicity never an issue)
Growing
Military Strength
This small island nation lacked natural resources essential of
industrial growth
Spurred by nationalism, Japan will move to build an empire
Sino-Japanese war: Japan wins war with China (control of Taiwan)
Russo-Japanese war: Japan wins war with Russia (control of Korea, Manchuria)
Japanese ruthlessly controls Korea for next 37 years
Korean Nationalist Movement against Japanese rule. Crushed by Japanese, many Korean massacred
Japan biggest power in SE Asia from late 1800’s to mid 1900’s
Looking
Ahead
Japan will continue to seek natural resources and territory
It’s expansion will lead to a direct conflict with the US pre WWII
Europeans Colonize Southeast Asia
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Dutch and British gain early control of region, but most maintain independence
Burma will battle Britain for territory. Burma will lose
British push through Malaya and control Hong Kong
France controls Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia (French Indochina)
By 1890, most of SE Asia controlled by European powers
Siam Survives (present day Thailand)
King did not underestimate European powers
• He accepted unequal treaties and moved to reform/modernize government and economy
•
Imperial Powers in the Pacific
American, British and French took interest in whaling/seals
• US secured unequal treaties with Samoa, Hawaii
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The US and the Philippines
US gained control of Philippines by defeating Spain (with help of rebel Filipinos)
• US refused independence for Philippines. Philippine Nationalists fought for independence
• 100,000’s Filipinos died in uprisings
• US won, moved to modernize. Promised to give self-rule in the future
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Looking Ahead
•
British, American, French and Germany claimed most every island in the Pacific. Japan also tried
to expand during this era (sets up run in with US in future)
Canada Achieves Self Rule (French then British control)
• 2 Canadas (Upper Canada – English and Lower Canada – French)
• Peoples in both Canadas believed the British ignored their needs
• Britain learned from American revolt and looked into the concerns of the
people of both Canadas
• 1840 – Britain passed the Act of Union – big step towards self-government
• Canada expanded west – 4 provinces created as a self-governing nation
• By 1914 – immigration enriched Canada – US powerful influence becomes a
concern
Europeans in Australia
• Britain will claim in 1770
• Aborigines are native people, suffered under British control
• Penal Colony: Britain used as place to sent convicts
• Free peoples encouraged to immigrate and tame the outback
Killed or removed Aborigines
Sheep & Gold become huge profits for British
1901 – Britain helped colonies unite at Australia (modeled after US and Britain)
Close ties remain between Australia and Britain
New Zealand
• British claim in 1769 – Missionaries come to convert Maori
• Maori more concentrated, determined to defend their lands
• By 1870’s resistance crumbled – Maori population will plummet
• 1907 – NZ independence granted, close ties remain
• 1st nation to grant women suffrage, old age pensions, minimum wage
Read
Section 3 p. 351-355
• P.355
Do questions # 3-5
Section
One: p. 347 #3,4,5
Canada
Australia
? Why did Japan become an imperializing
nation instead of being imperialized?
Section Two:
• Create a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting
Canada and Australia from section 2
Preview:
• P. 351 “Concept Web”
Read through Section 3
Use the information to create a “concept web”
about Latin America
Latin
America
Economics
Political
Problems
Latin
America
Influence of
the U.S.
Struggles
for
Stability
Lingering Political Problems
Simon Bolivar had hope to create strong ties between Latin American countries
Strong nationalism, geography and feuds among leaders shattered that dream
The influence of the Roman Catholic church dominated development, poor people
rarely got any benefit out of political or economic development
Racial discrimination, land/wealth in the hands of a few
Regionalism, loyalty to a local area
Local strongmen raised private armies to resist central government
The Economics of Dependence
When underdeveloped countries export their raw materials for capital/$$$
This creates a dependence upon the supplying country
In the 1800’s, foreign goods flooded Latin American countries. Great profits went
out of the country to the supplying country
A few nations developed industries that brought wealth to their country
Argentina –livestock, wheat * Chile – copper and nitrates
* Brazil – coffee, rubber, sugar
Venezuela & Mexico - oil
The poor did not earn enough to buy many goods. The money went to the wealthy
Mexico’s Struggle for Stability
• Land owners, military leaders and the Catholic Church dominate politics
• Santa Anna – War with the US over Texas ( a territory of Mexico)
• Treaty ending war cost Mexico ½ of its territory
• Struggle for power after war shook Mexican powerful
• LaReforma offered hope to oppressed; Juarez elected president
• Reforms expanded; his opponents asked Europe for help
• France (Napoleon) sent troops and set up Maximilian (austrian) as emperor
• After years of war, Juarez dies. He united Mexico and brought many reforms
• Diaz ruled as dictator. Strengthened central government, army, police
• The rich prospered under harsh rule,
The Influence of the United States
• Monroe Doctrine: Policy that stated that Latin America was off
limits to European colonization. This would be key to US policy in
Latin America from then on. As a result of the Mexican American War, the
US gained much territory (TX, NM, AZ, NV, CA). As a result of the
Spanish-American War, the US gained even more territory (PR, Cuban,
Philippines, Guam)
• Intervention:
US economic interests in Latin America brought US
military intervention. With the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe
Doctrine, the US claimed (international police power). The US will
send in troops to intervene in many Latin American countries
• Panama Canal:
US wanted to connect east and west for military
and economic reasons. Worked with rebels in Panama to trick
Colombia out of rights to build. Canal was an example of what the US
could accomplish to the world, but the Latin America, it was another
example of “Yankee Imperialism”
Read
Section Four p.356-360
• P. 360
do questions # 3-5
Required
Congo
Egypt
Ethiopia
Kenya
Libya
Madagascar
Rwanda
South Africa
Somalia
Sudan
Extra
Burundi
Central African Republic
Liberia
Mali
Namibia
Swaziland
Uganda
Zimbabwe
New Economic Patterns:
The age of imperialism brought
confrontations between different cultures. A global economy emerged,
dominated by the US, Britain, France and Germany. Capital and
machinery flowed into underdeveloped nations and raw materials came
out of those nations. Most of the profits went to western nations
• Money Economy: Money replaced barter as primary
exchange. Taxes were raised on local populations to cover costs of
governing. As men followed jobs (migrant work), families were
disrupted
• Economic Dependency: Cheap, factory made products
disrupted local economics. Self-sufficient local economies were
ruined. Most goods produced were sent out of the region. Famine,
ruin followed.
• Modernization: Colonial rule did bring some good to the regions.
New technology, modern banking, communications and transportation
came to these regions. The business class benefitted greatly by
imperialization.
Cultural Impact:
• Westernization: Wanted to “modernize” or “civilize” native people.
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This meant government, technology and culture. There was strong
opposition in some areas to westernization
Schools and Hospitals: Missionaries built hospitals and schools.
This brought literacy and better healthcare (vaccines, hygiene). This
often undermined the local leader or healer
Religion: Missionaries came in to spread Christianity to the
“heathens.” Especially effective in Latin America and Africa. In areas
were Islam, Hinduism, Confucianism and Buddhism, they resisted.
Old and New Ways: Many old ways reevaluated (foot binding in
China). Many tried to balance new ways with the traditions they held
dear
Impact on Western Culture: Imports from the 3rd world, brought
changes to the Western world (coffee, tea, tobacco)
New
Political Tensions:
Tensions between western
nations as they competed for lands. Tensions between colonial nation and
local nation.
Read
Section 5 (p. 361-365)
• Do questions # 2-5
1)
2)
Explain how IMPERIALISM affected
cultures in the imperialized countries.
Give 2 examples
What were the ADVANTAGES and
DISADVANTAGES brought by colonial
rule? Do you think subject people were
better or worse off as a result of
Imperialism? Explain
Japan
Discontent & Opening of Japanese society
Reforms of the Meiji
SE
Asia & the Pacific
Impact of Colonization on SE Asia
Siam & how it remained independent
Imperialism and the Pacific Islands
Canada,
Australia, & New Zealand
How each achieved independence
How the native peoples were treated
Latin
America
Bolivar – reforms he was trying to achieve
Political and Economic problems faced by Latin/South American countries
Mexico’s struggle for stability
The US’s influence in Latin America
Impact
of Imperialism
How Imperialism led to new economic patterns
Cultural impact of imperialism
Political Tensions that resulted because of New Imperialism