Transcript Rural Tourism Development in Hungary

Rural Tourism
Development
in Hungary
Dr Zsuzsanna Bacsi
Assoc prof, Univ of Pannonia, Georgikon
Faculty, Keszthely – Hungary
[email protected]
Ferenc Zemankovics
Head of Local Rural Development Office of
Keszthely Microregion , Hungary
[email protected]
Nitra, 19 to 21 November 2009
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NUTS categories by population
•
•
•
•
•
NUTS 1:Supra-region 3 mill to 7 mill
Nuts 2:region 800 thou to 1500 thou
Nuts3: county 300 to 800 thou
NUTS4: district, microregion,....
NUTS 5: town, village
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Overview
1. History, importance, relation
to rural development
2. Provisions for developmentEU and national resources
3. Organisational structure
4. Competencies – human and
physical
5. Legislation, taxing
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1. History, importance, relation to rural
development
History: The origin of rural tourism in Hungary
• end of 19th century:
– spas and Lake Balaton
– Re-discovery of folk art
• Early 20th century (1930-ies):
– Recreational tourism to villages: 30-35 % of all tourism!, more than 250 villages
involved
– Guests: organised trips for children, urban families
– Network of village accommodation and hospitality providers
– Booklets for rural accommodation providers, and for tourists
• After 1945: rural tourism disappears
• Reneval: from 1990
– Initial stage: accommodation provided, no programmes offered, first national
organisations, NGOs at local and microregional level, catalogue of
accommodations
– 1994: National Assocation of Rural Tourism (FTOSZ, 34 organisations invoved) –
marketing , quality assurance, member of EUROGITES
– 2001: FTOSZ reorganised: Hungarian Federation of Rural and Agri-Tourism
(FATOSZ) – members. County organisations (comprising local RT entrepreneurs,
private persons...)
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Relation to rural • „Rural tourism”: tourist activities in
which the visitor can become
development
acquainted with
–
–
–
–
village life,
customs and traditions,
local food and drink,
natural surroundings …
• Role of rural tourism in rural
development
– Ecological sustainability: location for
agriculture, natural, and built
environment
– Economic and social sustainability –
incomes, cultural heritage, traditions
– Rural tourism
• Additional income for rural people
(diversification)
• Utilises rural heritage (cultural, physical)
• Provides financial resources for preserving
the rural heritage
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Importance
Socio-economic
Environmental
For local
entrepreneurs
• new jobs,
• new SME-s,
• additional incomes besides
farming
• market for local agricutural
products
• reconstruction of rural
buildings,
• maintain the quality of
environment,
• make villages more
attractive
For local
community
• new incomes and new taxes
improve living standards of local
community,
• better infrastructure,
• less unempoyed,
• social structure improves,
• Depopulation stopped,
• local identity,
• prosperity for other businesses
• resources for protection
and rehabilitation of
environment and local
heritage,
• returning guests
• Improved urban-rural
relations
Negative features: not more than additional income, foreign investors,
foreign cultural values, environmental degradation, pollution....
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Rural tourism in Hungary, 1998-2008
1998
2000
2002
2006
2008
4 893
6 109
6 840
6659
7460
Number of beds
26 340
33502
40703
41604
45948
Number of guests
81 081
109 832
122 109
157 262
157 262
Domestic
44 104
69 174
82 190
131 678
131 678
Foreign
36 977
40 658
39 919
25 584
25 584
431 272
518 488
575 530
572 949
741527
Domestic
210 603
297 362
360 379
474 884
-
Foreign
220 669
221 126
215 151
98 065
-
Number of accommodation providers
Number
nights
of
guest
5,3
4,7
4,7
3,6
3,5
Average duration
of stay (nights)
Both among Hungarians and foreigners, there is a relatively high proportion of
faithful visitors, suggesting that the product itself is perceived as a good quality 7
product.
180 000
800 000
160 000
700 000
140 000
600 000
120 000
500 000
100 000
400 000
80 000
nights
guests/beds/providers
Rural tourism in Hungary
300 000
60 000
200 000
40 000
100 000
20 000
0
0
1998
2000
2002
2006
2008
Number of guest nights
Domestic guest nights
Foreign guest nights
Number of accommodation providers
Number of beds
Number of guests
Domestic guests
Foreign guests
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Distribution of rural
accommodations
(beds) by NUTS 2
regions in Hungary,
July 2008
Share of regions by
guest nights
32,5%
9,4 %
17,4%
13,2%
5,1%
5,2%
17,3%
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Fallacy 8 (Zemankovics-Bacsi:Ten Fallacies of Rural
Development, Proceedings, 16th European Seminar of
Extension Education, 2003, p.236-2409)
„ Rural tourism is the future of rural
communities”
It can be, but not everywhere and every
time
Possible dangers:
Overemphasising
• the role of rural tourism as source of
income
• the role of foreign visitors
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2. Development of rural tourism Funding
• SAPARD 1999-2004
• National Specific Target-Oriented support
schemes
• 2004-2006: National Development Plan I.
– Agricultural and Rural Development Operative
Programme
• 2007-2013: New Hungary Rural Development
Programme
– Axis 3: Diversification and quality of life
– Axis 4: LEADER
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2004-2006: National Development Plan
Agricultural and Rural Development Operative
Programme
–
total 107 mrd HUF = 420 million EUR for 2004 - 2006
Objectives:
–
–
improving the competitiveness of agricultural production and food
processing
assisting the realignment of rural areas
Priorities:
•
Priority 1 - Establishment of competitive production in agriculture
•
Priority 2 - Modernisation of food processing
•
Priority 3 - Development of rural areas (26 %, 109 million EUR )
– infrastructure for agric production, rural heritage, rural
incomes..
–
–
–
Diversification of agricultural production (local foods, non-food
goods,processing)
Marketing of quality food products
Development of tourism (rural tourism)
•
•
–
•
Accommodation
New services, eg.food, entertainments (fishing, wine trails, sports)
Local handcrafts
Priority Technical Assistance
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New Hungary Rural Development Programme, 2007-2013
NHRDP, 2007-2013
LEADER Axis (Axis 4)
Competitive
agricultural
and forestry
production
(Axis 1)
Protection
of the
environmen
t and land
use
(Axis 2)
Diversificati
on and
quality of
life in rural
Hungary
(Axis 3)
Common rules - programming, financing, monitoring
European Agricultural and Rural Development Fund
Measure: Encouragement of
tourism activities
Operations covered:
• Developing small-scale quality
accommodations
• Other agri-tourism services
• Display of agricultural folk art
and handcrafting
• Wine tourism services
• Fishing tourism services
• Equestrian tourism services
• Collective tourist product
marketing
• Small-scale infrastructure
development
Type of support: Non-refundable
investment aid.
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Specific support operations
for Rural Tourism in NHRDP 2007-2013
• Axis III: 4 operations:
–
–
–
–
Rural tourism
Village renovation
Micro-enterprises
Rural heritage
• Axis IV: Leader Action Groups set up their own
piorities and activities supported – rural tourism is among
the preferred
Total cost: NHRDP: 5 billion EUR
• For Axis IV (Leader): 300 m EUR (5,5 %)
• For Axis III: 700 m EUR (17%)
– tourism development:
• Public expenditure: 127,9 million EUR of which EU contribution: 89,6 million
EUR
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Number and type of LEADER
applications
Central HU
Central Transd
West Transd
South Transd
North HU
North G Plain
South G Plain
Village reconstruction
no
Rural tourism
Rural heritage
Micro-enterprises
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NHRDP, LEADER data
Region
LAG
No of
Population of
Beneficiar
Beneficiary
y villages,
villages,
No of
Projects
Requested
support
million HUF
Central HU
Central Transd
West Transd
South Transd
North HU
North G Plain
South G Plain
Total HU
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3. Organisational structure of
tourism in Hungary, 2009
• Parliament
• Ministry of Local Governments, Tourism Unit
• Parliamentary Committee on Sports andTourism
– National Tourism Committee (formerly Hungarian Tourist
Authority): administrative body that reports to Minister of Local
Governments, represents the professional bodies major trade
organizations of the sector and regional tourism boards, it participates in
preparing the decisions
• Regional Tourism Boards: coordinates the actions and ideas of tourism
actors in the regions,
• Hungarian Tourism Ltd.: national marketing organization of
tourism, promoting Hungary's tourism attractions and services
– Regional Tourism Marketing Departments
– Network of Tourinform offices: maintained by local governments and
the National Tourism Board
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Rural tourism marketing organisations
•
Hungarian Federation of Rural and Agri-Tourism
(Hungarian abbreviation: FATOSZ)
–
–
•
Centre for Rural Tourism (Falusi Turizmus Centrum)
–
•
•
a private company, selling beds in certified village houses
throughout the country – online booking service.
Agroservice AgroTourism
–
•
a national NGO, with 19 member organizations within the
country representing the 19 counties of Hungary, and having
rural accommodation providers as their members
www.agroturizmus.eu: information service
Private company, integrates local village and agro-tourism
providers, mainly in North-East Hungary, promotes
agrotourism accommodations through their website
IKUVEH Consortium: Consortium for Rural tourism
Interest Representation - Agricultural Study Tours and
Trainings, information booklets and electronic promotional
material
...
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4. Competencies
Physical requirements:
The FATOSZ has introduced the the quality assurance and quality grading
system of rural accommodations in Hungary.
4 sunflowers:
Accommodation with separate bathroom and toilet for each room, well
equipped with furniture, and having a separate common living room and
dining room, garden and parking facilities for guests.
3 sunflowers:
Accommodation with separate bathroom and toilet for the guests, living room
and dining room, garden and parking facilities availabel for guests.
2 sunflowers:
A moderately equipped accommodation, a common bathroom and toilet,
common dining room and kitchen access for the guests, and parking
facilities.
1 sunflower:
Accommodation with no conveniences, a simple sleeping place, or nomadic
campsite for tents, and parking facilities.
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Human requirements
Personal traits of accommodation providers:
• Cleanliness, hospitable, friendly behaviour, openness
• Language skills (for foreign visitors)
• Professional skills for catering and hospitality management, farming and
additional businesses
Education:
Vocational post-secondary (ISCED 3.1) – farm housewife training
• Cooking, household chores, basic hospitality skills
• Agricultural skills and knowledge (animal husbandry, horticulture)
• Knowlegde of folk traditions
• Entrepreneurial skills and knowledge (taxation, business management,
marketing)
National Registry for Vocations and trainings: 1998
• Vocation: farm-housewife trainings at various levels (2200 – 2500-3000 hours
of teaching, after primary school)
• Village caterer and accommodation provider (from 2006, 1 year, 1300 hours,
ISCED 3.1))
• Hospitality management (ISCED 3.2)
• Tourism management (ISCED 5.1-5.2 -5.4-5.5)
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5. Legislation
• Rural tourism accommodation: private accommodation, not situated in a
town or a designated spa or resort, with
– the number of beds not greater than 10, the number of rooms not more than 5
– one visitor stays not longer than 30 days.
•
•
Rural tourism accommodation providers: qualified accommodation, and
the activity registered at the notary of the settlement
Rural caterer: provides meals and / or programmes for the guests / may
provide rural accommodation, too
• Grading procedure for rural accommodation:
–
FATOSZ grading forms,
– Form „A”: for guest rooms - Form „B”: for holiday flat –
– Form „C”: for holiday house - Form „D”: for campsites
• Taxes – VAT + Income tax (+local taxes?)
•
2009: no income tax paid if annual income
•
From 2010 this allowance is no longer available, all rural tourism
services will be taxed (19% of profits)
– 400 000 HUF(approx 1500 EUR) of rural and agri tourism services
–  800 000 HUF (approx 3000 EUR) of rural accommodation provided
–  1200 000 HUF (approx 4500 EUR) of rural and agri tourism services and rural
accommodation provided together
– No health insurance to be paid for the above!
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