Transcript Slide 1
Copyright © 2009. PESC. All rights reserved.
Michael D. Sessa Executive Director, PESC 6 th Annual Conference on Technology & Standards
Agenda
NIST, ANSI and Value of Standards
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995
OMB Circular A – 119
Section 143 of the HEA
PESC, FSA & Related Activities
NIST, ANSI & History of Processing
NIST – National Institute of Standards Technology and
From www.NIST.gov
:
Founded in 1901, NIST is a non-regulatory federal agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce . NIST's mission is to promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and Technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life.
NIST, ANSI & History of ANSI – American National Standards Institute
From www.ANSI.org
:
.
Founded in 1918 by five engineering societies and three government agencies, the Institute remains a private, nonprofit membership organization supported by a diverse constituency of private and public sector organizations. Throughout its history, ANSI has maintained as its primary goal the enhancement of global competitiveness of U.S. business and the American quality of life by promoting and facilitating voluntary consensus standards and conformity assessment systems and promoting their integrity. The Institute represents the interests of its nearly 1,000 company, organization, government agency, institutional and international members through its office in New York City, and its headquarters in Washington, D.C.
Data Structure & Processing
M A R Y S M I T H M A R Y M A R Y S s M m I i M A R Y T H t h S S M M I I S M M A R Y m a r y T H T H I T H 0 0 S M I T H 0 0 0 M A R
WILL THE REAL MARY SMITH PLEASE STAND UP?
Data standardization involves more than the spacing of data elements (but you get the big picture, right?) Y
Data Structure & Processing
Without data standardization, expect:
increased cost of systems staff due to serial, redundant and customized programming for the same data elements
slower response to customer needs
increased data mapping which jeopardizes data quality and integrity
more difficult access to data
repetitive programming if rules, regulations, or business needs change
Data Structure & Processing
Higher education is far behind other industries in implementation and use of technical standards. Think of the value of:
the ATM network
credit card networks (VISA, Mastercard, AmEx, etc.)
direct deposit
EZ Pass state toll booths ** While higher education builds its technical standards and while PK12 builds its technical standards, both are trying to simultaneously bridge the gap between the two.
Value of Standards Federal Participation Requirements:
National Technology Transfer & Advancement Act of 1995 “...all Federal agencies and departments shall use technical standards that are developed or adopted by voluntary consensus standards bodies, using such technical standards as a means to carry out policy objectives or activities determined by the agencies and departments.” “...Federal agencies and departments shall consult with voluntary, private sector, consensus standards bodies and shall...participate with such bodies in the development of technical standards.” Section 12 (d) (1-2)
Value of Standards Federal Participation Requirements:
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular No. A-119 – Revised February 10, 1998 What are the goals of the government in using voluntary consensus standards?
Eliminate the cost to the Government of developing its own standards and decrease the costs of goods procured and the burden of complying with agency regulation.
Provide incentives and opportunities to establish standards that serve national
needs.
Encourage long-term growth for U.S. enterprises and promote efficiency and
economic competition through harmonization of standards.
Further the policy of reliance upon the private sector to supply Government needs for goods and services.
Value of Standards Federal Participation Requirements:
Section 143 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 “In order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the student aid delivery system, the Secretary and the COO shall encourage and participate in the establishment of voluntary consensus standards and requirements for the electronic transmission of information necessary for the administration of programs under title IV.”
The COO shall participate in the activities of standards setting organizations...
The COO shall encourage higher education groups seeking to develop common forms, standards, and procedures...to conduct these activities within a
standard setting organization.
The COO may pay necessary dues and fees associated with participation...
Value of Standards Delphi Study: June 2003
Standards = Liquidity
Benefits of approved standards for developers and consumers:
increases the value of existing and future investments in IT
allows the portability of data
decreases the long-term cost of ownership for applicable software vendor alternatives
expands choices for software vendor alternatives
Value of Standards Delphi Study: June 2003
Factors driving participation in a standards body:
vendor neutral
access to a developer community and best practices
membership comprised of both end users and
commercial software vendors international presence and focus
industry-wide or horizontal orientation open or “democratic” committee process
opportunity to direct standard specification from moment of conception
Value of Standards How standards are set:
Government regulation or legislation Informally when a single product gains wide market use
Formally through cooperation, study, and approval by a designated group
PESC Mission & Governance
Mission
Established in 1997 and located in Washington, D.C., the Postsecondary Electronic Standards Council (PESC) is a non profit, 501(c)(3) community-based, umbrella association of colleges and universities; professional and commercial organizations; data, software and service providers; non-profit organizations and associations; and state and federal government agencies. Through open and transparent community development, PESC leads the alignment of data across disparate stakeholder systems to ensure simplified and cost-effective student progression along the higher education lifecycle.
PESC Mission & Governance
PESC Goals & Strategies 1.
Lead the establishment & facilitate the adoption & implementation of data exchange standards 2. Highlight & support best practices for data access & data exchange 3. Maintain collaborative relationships with all public, private, governmental & international stakeholders 4. Serve as a standards-setting body 5. Advocate for operational efficiencies & improved performance in student data exchange from initial access of the student from high school into the college environment through successful completion of the education experience 6. Promote cost effectiveness of data alignment across disparate systems & across sectors that help mitigate costs for institutions struggling to keep time data exchange while up with the demands of technology & real maintaining competitive tuition rates 7. Continue building a core competency in XML architecture & data modeling
PESC Mission & Governance
Organizational Overview
85 Members and Affiliates and 7 major partners Significant national/international adoption and implementation of PESC standards Seal of Approval Program –
implementation Optional service to ensure uniformity of
Formal policies/procedures for development/architecture –
development Guides
XML Registry & Repository for the Education Community –
Administered by the US Department of Education & governed by PESC – accessibility of standards is open & free
6 Standards Approved –
High School Transcript, College Transcript, Common Origination & Disbursement (COD), Common Record: CommonLine (CRC), Data Transport Standard (DTS), Online Loan Counseling
7 Standards in Development –
Academic Progress, Admission Application, Course Inventory, Education Test Score Report, IPEDS, PDF Transcript
1 User Group
– Education Record User Group for all transcript processing
1 Task Force
– E-Authentication/E-Authorization Task Force – EA2
PESC Mission & Governance
Hierarchy
EA2 Taskforce Board of Directors Steering Committee Seal of Approval Staff Change Control Board Workgroups Technical Advisory Board Academic Progress Admission Application Education Test Score Report PDF Transcript IPEDS Course Inventory Student Aid Inquiry Online Loan Counseling Education Record User Group
PESC Mission & Governance
PESC Membership
AcademyOne, Inc.
Accenture ACT, Inc.* AACRAO – American Association of Collegiate Registrars & Admissions Officers* ACE – American Council on Education AAMC – Association of American Medical Colleges Avow Systems California Community College System California School Information Services Central Connecticut State University Clayton State University College Board* College Source, Inc.
Community College of the Air Force ConnectEdu, Inc.
CBA – Consumer Bankers Association Dartmouth College – Institute for Security Technology Studies Datatel, Inc.
Decision Academic Docufide echo360 EFC – Education Finance Council* Educause* ELM Resources Florida International University Florida State University Georgetown University/Sun Center for Excellence in Scholarly Information Architecture George Washington University Georgia Board of Regents IDAPP – Illinois Designated Account Purchase Program IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc.
Indiana State University Iowa State University Jenzabar Key Bank LSAC – Law School Admission Council* Mapping Your Future NASFAA – National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators* NASLA – National Association of Student Loan Administrators NCHELP – National Council of Higher Education Loan Programs* National Student Clearinghouse National Transcript Center NELA – Northwest Education Loan Association Nelnet Neumann College Northern Illinois University Ohio Board of Regents OCAS – Ontario College Application Services Oracle Corporation Oregon State University Pennsylvania College of Technology Prairie View A & M University Purdue University redLantern Regent Education San Francisco State University SIFA – Schools Interoperability Framework Association SmartCatalog Stanford University SunGard Higher Education* Texas A & M University TG University of Alaska System University of California at Berkeley University of Denver University of Idaho University of Illinois – Chicago University of Illinois – Student Financial Services University of Illinois – Urbana Champaign University of Lethbridge University of Minnesota University of Mississippi University of North Carolina University of Northern Iowa University of Oklahoma University of Oregon University of Phoenix University of South Florida University of Texas at Austin University of Virginia USA Funds* US Department of Education* US GSA – General Services Administration Washington State University Xap Corporation *Founder
Standards Forum for Education
Founded August 4, 2000 by the PESC Board in response to a white paper produced by a PESC workgroup that analyzed the emergence of XML and recommended PESC involvement
Serves as the standards development body of PESC “Candidates” for standards are proposed, developed, and processed by the Standards Forum
Governed by a Steering Committee
Follows established policies and procedures for development and approval
Includes multiple Boards and Workgroups
Standards Forum for Education
e
X
tensible
M
arkup
L
anguage: designed to improve the functionality of the web by providing flexibility and adaptability:
– – –
customized and dynamic ideal for real-time transactions and messaging
Flat files:
–
fixed lengths, always with extra or redundant data
– –
mostly used for batch processing 02072003SESSAMICHAEL090120020501200300212805302003
Standards Forum for Education
XML
Identifying, defining, formatting, and transmitting data from point A to point B
XML 1.0 approved by W3C 2/98
Emerged as the technology for real-time, web based transactions Lacked “common” or industry standards
Standards Forum for Standards Development
Define and standardize “simple” data elements (also called “core components”) and “complex” core components (several simple core components grouped together) Group core components together into business transactions Develop implementation guides for reference and support Issue candidates for public comment and approval/voting process Populate “Core Main” data dictionary with all simple and complex core components Store all core components in the XML Registry & Repository for the Education Community
Standards Forum for Policies and Procedures
Released March 2005
Focus is on collaboration, submission, approval, & maintenance
Includes:
Process PESC Guidelines for XML Architecture and Data Modeling Users Guide for XML Registry and Repository for the Education Community
Adopted by FSA
Standards Forum for XML Registry and Repository for the Education Community
Developed, owned, and administered by FSA
Governed by PESC
Stores PESC approved standards
Sorted alphabetically by core component, by classification/taxonomy, by sector and by message specification
Free and open to the public w/o barriers or user name and password
Data Exchanges in Student Aid
FAFSA - ISIR Graduation Sales Certification MPN Guarantee Repayment Payoff Consolidation Delinquency Cure - Claim Subrogation Disbursement Deferment Changes Forbearance NSLDS IPEDS Life of the Loan
Student Aid Standards History
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
CommonLine 4 CommonLine 5 Common Record PELL COD - Direct Lending Campus-Based IPEDS FAFSA/ISIR Servicing/CAM Phases out pre CL 4 Phased out Phased out Phased out ?
?
Initiatives –
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Transcripts EDI College – XML High School – XML Admission Application EDI XML Test Score EDI XML Course Inventory EDI XML
Statistics
Postsecondary Transcripts 2005-2008 150,000 100,000 50,000 Month
January 2008 85,059 2007 76,411 2006 81,373 2005 61,974 February 53,399 44,635 35,725 32,634 March 51,966 42,658 36,902 32,866 April 58,264 46,216 44,516 39,792 May 95,248 89,632 84,665 71,493 June 102,280 73,151 66,754 58,547 July 61,063 47,741 51,889 39,750 August 73,442 45,433 73,880 61,164 September October November December 51,382 45,433 43,333 35,169 79,767 64,465 44,505 36,207 74,453 55,599 45,654 42,242 71,851 61,836 50,961 43,814 58% increase in 2008 over 2005 via Internet Server at the University of Texas at Austin
Statistics
Admission Applications 2005-2008
140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0
Month
January 2008 116,801 2007 102,281 2006 82,805 2005 60,316 February 70,353 54,626 43,973 34,888 March 62,292 52,658 40,118 31,608 April 73,201 58,403 31,338 27,317 May 55,423 52,311 26,913 21,090 June 42,624 34,921 19,219 16,099 July 43,782 37,115 16,171 11,925 August 39,159 33,068 13,716 10,419 September 45,109 33,068 24,935 20,275 October 97,453 82,846 54,329 38,198 November December 133,259 102,073 88,920 66,391 128,654 110,170 67,584 50,769 133% increase in 2008 over 2005 via Internet Server at the University of Texas at Austin
Statistics
All Transactions 2005-2008
500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000
Month
0 January 2008 356,603 2007 312,924 2006 289,393 2005 216,019 February 238,888 185,665 152,222 130,350 March 216,470 178,566 140,278 140,158 April 217,471 172,165 153,737 141,311 May 289,270 260,342 215,882 186,043 June 302,390 206,611 198,994 162,809 July 190,082 153,245 145,142 107,549 August 210,749 156,529 186,907 149,737 September 189,737 156,529 144,450 108,157 October 349,580 299,130 189,875 166,923 November December 431,847 294,439 259,599 202,113 381,681 314,558 226,557 203,514 76% increase in 2008 over 2005 via Internet Server at the University of Texas at Austin
Statistics
16,000,000 14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 -
All FAFSA’s (electronic and paper)
FY2005 FY2006 FY2007
Electronic vs. Paper Processing
FY2008 Electronic Paper 16,000,000 14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 80.5% in 2005 to 96% in 2008 via Electronic FAFSA processing Statistics (www.IFAP.ed.gov)
Contact Information
Michael Sessa, Executive Director
202-261-6516
Jennifer Kim, Membership Services Manager
202-261-6514
1250 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 200 Washington, D.C. 20036
www.PESC.org
Activating Interoperability in Higher Education