Transcript Document
National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
The NIS Practices in Germany
Presented by
Dr. Moneim Issa
on the Consultative Meeting
on National Innovation Systems (NIS) of India
19-20 September 2006, New Delhi
Eschersheimer Landstr.89
D-60322 Frankfurt
Tel.: +49 (0) 171 931 3456
Fax: +49 (0) 69 955 30 337
E-Mail: [email protected]
Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
The Technology and innovation Centres in Germany (2006)
167 Technology and Innovation Centres
ca. 7.500 Enterprises in the Centres
ca. 56.000 Employees
ca. 16.000 successful Start Ups-Firms
ca. 150.000 generated employments
The survival quote in the centres ranged to about 90%
Over 8.000 Enterprises from the Centres have successfully been
established. These Firms have generated ca. 90.000 working places..
Source: ADT
Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION CENTRES IN GERMANY
1983-2000
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999
Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
Source: ADT
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
OBJECTIVES OF INNOVATION CENTRES
Technical support to technology oriented start-ups
Provision of infrastructure to be used by the companies
Promotion of co-operation between science and economy
Promotion of regional development potentials for
technology oriented enterprises and start-ups
Initiation of technology park projects and technological
co-operation
Support of regional economic development
Provision of information on innovative technology
Improvement of regional innovation framework
Source: ZEW
Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
ALLOCATION OF INNOVATION CENTRES
ACCORDING TO SITE PREFERENCE
Industry
27%
Rural
Areas
28%
Science+
Research
45%
Source: ADT
Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
TECHNOLOGICAL FOCAL POINTS IN THE INNOVATION
CENTRES
General Services
Technological Services
Software
Information and Communication Technology
Multimedia
Environmental Technology
Consultancy
Electronic and Electrical Engineering
Instrumentation and Measurement Technology
Computer Technology
Automation
Machinery
27 %
24 %
23 %
22 %
16 %
16 %
16 %
11 %
10 %
9%
8%
6%
Source: ADT
Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
TECHNICAL CONSULTANCY BY INNOVATION CENTRES
Start-Up Consultancy
Legal Issues
Elaboration of Business Plans
Technnology Advice
Patent
Finance
Business promotion Programms
Marketing Assistance
Insurance
Training
Source: ADT
Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
LOGISTIC SUPPORT BY INNOVATION CENTRES
Office Services
Reception
Telephone services
Photocoping
Conference Rooms
Internet
Data Bank
Book Keeping
Organization of Exhibitions
Company Cooperation
Technology Transfer
Laboratory Utilizaion
Source: ADT
Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
SUCCESSFUL COMPANIES MOVED OUT OF INNOVATION CENTRES
AFTER ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CENTRES
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Total no. of
companies
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
Source: ADT
Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
The Structure of the German Innovation System
Source: Prognos AG., Germany 2004
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE IN GERMANY
Natural Sciences, Technological and Engineering
Institutions
81 Universities
90 Technical Universities
81 Max-Planck-Institutes
47 Frauenhofer-Institutes
16 Helmholz-Centres
51 „Blaue-Liste“ Institutes
24 Federal Research Institutions
47 Local Research Institutions in the federal states
Source: Athene-Project
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
POTENTIAL OF TECHNOLOGICAL ORIENTED START-UPS
Institution
Number of
Scientists
(ca.)
Max-Planck4.700
Institutes
Helmholz8.000
Centres
Fraunhofer2.600
Institutes
Blaue-Liste3.000
Institutes
Research
2.200
Institutions
TOTAL
20.500
Potential
in % (ca.)
Potential
12 %
600
30 %
2.400
33 %
900
14 %
400
67 %
1.500
5.800
Source: Athene-Project
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
Current Priorities of the National Innovation System
Promotion of Education, Science and Technology and R&D
- Innovation and Economic Growth
- Facing International Competition through Globalization
- Regain a Leading Role in Future Technology
- Innovation Initiative and Structural Reforms
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NIS Practices in Germany
Share of World Regions to the Development of R&D-Capacities 1995-2003
GDP Expenditure on R&D at Current Prices
Share of OECD+STC 1995 - 2002
Share of OECD+STC 1995
STC (Selected Emerging Countries): CHN, KOR, IND, RUS, SIN, TWN, ISR
R&D Expenditure of Private Sector at Current Prices
Source: OECD, Main Science and
Technology Indicators 2004; IMD
World Competitiveness Year Book,
NIW. Quoted in: BMBF:
Zur technologischen
Leistungsfähigkeit Deutschlands
2005, Bonn, Berlin 2005
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
Innovation Activities of the German Industry
Research and Development
Human Resources in Business R&D
Patent Output
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
Innovation Quota 1)
Production sector without construction
1)
*)
Service sector*
Innovation Quota: Share of enterprises which released a new or significantly improved product in the market or implemented
a new or signifcantly new procedure within the company, in % of all enterprises
whole sale, logistics, IT, Software, insurance and loan sector, R&D services, technical services
Source: Eurostart – CIS-III (New Cronos. September 2004). Götzfried et al. (2004). Arvantis et al (2004). Frenz (2003),
unpublished data of CIS-III team.- ZEW calculations; Quoted in: BMB
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NIS Practices in Germany
GDP Share of R&D intensive industries and knowledge-intensive services in
selected countries 2002 (in %)
R&D intensive industries
Knowledge-intensive services without real estate
Source: OECD, STAN-Database 2002. – Calculations and
Estimations by DIW Berlin. Quoted in: BMB
*) EU-15 without IRL and LUX
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NIS Practices in Germany
Innovation Performance and R&D in industry and knowledge-intensive
Services 1993-2003 (in % of all Enterprises)
Industry and Mining
Knowledge-intensive services
Innovative companies without R&D
Companies with irregular R&D
Companies with continuous R&D
Source: ZEW, Mannheim . Quoted in: BMB.
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NIS Practices in Germany
Share of Employment in R&D intensive industries and knowledge-intensive
services (in %)
Real estate
Knowledge-intensive services without real estate
R&D intensive industries
Source: OECD, STAN-Database 2002. – Calculations
and Estimations by DIW Berlin. Quoted in: DIW, NIW:
Marktergebnisse bei forschungsIntensiven Waren und wissensintensiven
Dienstleistungen: Außenhandel, Produktion und
Beschäftigung, Berlin, Hannover 2003
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
Development of Employment in R&D-intensive Industries in Germany 19912002 Professional Fields in companies 1995=100
FE= R&D-intensive Industries
ST= Sofisticated Technology
HAT= Advanced Technology
NFE= Not R&D-intensive industries
Source: Federal Office for Statistics, ZEW . Quoted in: DIW, NIW.
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NIS Practices in Germany
Patents quota 2002 and its change between 1991 to 2002 in selected
countries
Patent dispersion*)
Annual average Change 1991 - 2002
*) Patents relevant to the world market per 1 Mio. labour force
Source: EPATENT.- WOPATENT.-OECD. Main Science and Technology Indicators. – Fraunhofer ISI Calculations. Quoted in: BMB.
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
Critical Assessment of NIS
Innovation Contribution of German SMEs is low
Several Regulatory Burdens on Private Sector
Lack of Venture Capital Market and Start-ups
Insufficient Supply of Highly Qualified Personnel
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
Graduates in engineering and natural sciences 1)
Per 100.00 Labour Force, age 25 to 34
1) Course of studies: bioscience, lifescience, physics, math/statistics, IT, engineering, construction
*) 2000 instead of 2002
Source: OECD, Online Labour Database – OECD Education Online Database – ZEW/HIS Calculations. Quoted in: BMB
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
Challenges face the NIS in Germany
Demographic Factors
The Situation of the Educational System,
particularly the Tertiary
The Situation of High Qualified labour
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
Tertiary Education in the OECD-Countries in 2002 –
Graduates between 25-34 years (in %)
OEC D
JPN
KOR
U SA
F IN
SW E
N OR
B EL
IR L
ESP
FRA
AUS
GB R
NZL
D EN
SU I
N ED
GR E
LU X
GER
POR
AUT
IT A
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Source: OECD, FIBS, NIW. Quoted in: BMB.
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NIS Practices in Germany
Tertiary Education in the OECD-Countries in 2002 –
Graduates between 55-64 years (in %)
O EC D
F IN
U SA
NZL
SW E
AUS
D EN
N OR
G ER
SU I
GB R
N ED
JPN
B EL
LU X
FRA
IR L
AUT
GR E
ESP
KO R
IT A
PO R
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Source: OECD, FIBS, NIW. Quoted in: BMB
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National Innovation Systems
NIS Practices in Germany
Sources of Innovation Processes in Germany (Fraunhofer Gesellschaft)
Source:Fraunhofer Fraunhofer Gesellschaft: Deutschland innovative 2004
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NIS Practices in Germany
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