Transcript Slide 1
Innovations in
coated textiles
Bert Groenendaal & Bram Wydooghe
Sioen Coating NV (Belgium)
MATA 09
membránová a textilní architektura
BRNO – April 28, 2009
Outline
• Introduction to
• Sioen
• coated textiles
• coating products and application areas
• Textile architectures (TA)
15 ‘
15’
• Innovations in coated textiles
5’
• advanced top coats based on design polymers
• incorporation of electronics
• thermochromic coated textiles
Sioen at a glance
▫ Founded in 1960
▫ Headquarters in Ardooie, Belgium
▫ 4 divisions: Coating, Apparel, Industrial
applications, and Chemicals
▫ Ca. 4.500 employees
▫ Turnover of 349 Mio EUR in 2008
▫ 38 subsidiaries in 13 countries
▫ Sales in more than 80 countries
▫ World market leader in coated textiles!
We spin – extrude yans
▫ One of the most modern spinning mills in the world
▫ 16.000 tons of polyester and/or polyamide high-tenacity
yarns
▫ From 245 Dtex to 6600 Dtex
▫ High tenacity: 4 – 8 cN/Dtex
▫ A part of the yarns is twisted in the twisting plant
We weave
▫ Two plants in Belgium (Mouscron, Kerksken)
▫ 250 looms with airjet or rapier technology
▫ From 150 up to 640 cm width
▫ Standard and specialized (e.g. rashel) fabrics
▫ High tenacity fabrics: up to 10.000N/5cm
▫ From 28 Dtex (teabags; 20 g/m2) till 6600 Dtex yarns
We colour
▫ Production of
▫ pigment pastes
▫ inks
▫ varnishes
▫ colour dispersions
We coat
▫ Direct coating
▫ Transfer coating
▫ Online coating
▫ Extrusion coating
▫ Calendering
Introduction to coated textiles
Coated textiles
• PVC/plasticizer
• PU
• silicone rubber
• etc.
Also known as:
• technical textiles
• tarpaulins or tarps
• woven or knitted
• non-woven
• polyester (PES)
• aramide
• glass
• etc.
Introduction to coated textiles
Introduction to coated textiles
Introduction to coated textiles
Example:
B6000 tarpaulin from Sioen (e.g. truck side curtains)
• PVC coated PES in numerous colors
• Weight: 900 g/m2
• Breaking strength:
• warp/weft:
4000 N/5 cm
• Tear strength:
• warp
600 N
• weft
500 N
• Adhesion:
100 N/5 cm
• Temperature resistance: -30C till +70C
▫ Flammability: < 100 mm/min
▫ Long life due to coating: UV resistance/ impermeability, air tightness
▫ Easy processing by high frequency or thermal welding
Products and application areas
Textile architecture (TA)
Criteria for Textile Architectural
PVC/polyester membranes
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Low wicking fabrics
Good weldability/processability
High tenacity PET yarns for good mechanical values
Long life
Fire resistant
Uniform optical transmission
Easy cleaning
Optimised topcoat (lacquer)
LOW WICKING FABRICS
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In a normal polyester yarn, water (containing dirt and fungus) can be
taken up by capillary action. When this phenomenon occurs, it will lead
to dark marks over the tent structure, which cannot be removed.
By a special treatment, the yarns are made “low wick”, meaning they are
less prone to excessive dirt take-up and to microbial attack.
Sioen’s TA-range is produced with special low wick treated yarns.
Mechanical values
• Membranes have to meet the specifications of the
respective TA types (type I, II, III, …)
• Fabric has to possess sufficient elongation capability
(both in warp and weft) for easy processing.
• Reproducible biaxial behaviour is important within and
between various batches.
PVC coating formula
• PVC with low emulsifier content for good hydrophobic properties
• UV stable recipe by correct pigmentation and stabilisation
• Incorporation of best possible thermal stabiliser to avoid
saponification and to improve weathering resistance.
• Non bleeding, non hydrolysable plasticizers
• No water soluble components
• All components with maximum purity
• Optimum whiteness degree
• Fine tuning of FR properties (type dependant)
Light transmission
• Uniformity of optical transmission is of utmost importance.
• Coating formula, weight and pigmentation have to remain stable
over the whole production.
• Sioen uses a dedicated apparatus for light transmission and colour
measurement.
This machine measures the intensity and the colour of transmitted
light.
Possibility for on-line measuring (selecting identical optical
properties inside one production)
Light and colour transmission
How it should NOT be :
Fire resistance
• EN 13501-1 does NOT apply for tents and
membranes.
• No European legislation applies. Each country has its
own FR reglementation.
• Most important standards in Europe:
French NF P 92-503 (TA membranes have to
classify as M2)
German DIN 4102-1 (TA membranes have to
classify as B1)
Easy cleaning
• Special dirt repellent lacquer systems containing fluorinated
polymers
High amount of fluor
(after one wipe)
No fluor
(after one wipe)
Lacquer
• Fluor is necessary for easy cleaning
Drawbacks of fluor :
-transmits UV
-adhesion issues
-elasticity issues
-non weldable
too much fluor : problematic !!
• Acrylic is necessary for elasticity, UV blocking, adhesion,
weldability.
good formulation of lacquer is of extreme importance !!
• Layer uniformity : lacquering in two stages ; different
lacquering technologies
• Thickness : too thick = brittle ; too thin = unsufficient
protection
Lacquer systems
• Pure acrylic : excellent overall properties
• Siofluo (standard TA lacquer) : small amount of fluor
for dirt repellent effect
• Fluomax : highly fluorinated binder system, with good
long-term properties AND weldable.
Sioen does not promote 100% fluorinated lacquer
systems. These systems show excellent performance
(dirt repellency) at first, but may have
disadvantageous effects upon ageing
Minimum strength specifications for each type
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
1100 dtex
9x9
L 1/1
1100 dtex
12 x 12
P 2/2
1670 dtex
10,5 x 10,5
P 2/2
1670 dtex
14 x 14
P 3/3
Tensile
warp/weft
(N/5 cm)
3000/2800
4400/4000
5500/5000
7500/6500
Tear
warp/weft
(N)
300/300
450/450
800/800
1000/1000
120
120
120
120
Fabric
Adhesion
(N/5 cm)
Type II special construction : reinforced concrete domes
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Inflation of the PVC membrane
Spraying PU insulation foam to the internal structure,
embedding of tabs in the foam
Fixation of steel reinforcements along the wall.
Spray application of concrete along the steel grid
Once the concrete has dried, the inflation fans can be
turned off and openings (doors, windows) can be cut into
the structure
Innovations in coated textiles
Easy cleaning surfaces for TA
PET fabric coated with
• PVC
• silicone rubber
• PU
and subsequent top coat material (1K and 2K systems based
on PU, acrylates, fluoropolymers, etc.)
Design polymers with advanced top coat properties via interactive
developments with various chemical partners
▫ Dozens of products have been tested
▫ Sioen easy cleaning test
Contex-T (EU project)
Easy cleaning acceleration test
40 days at 70C
Contex-T (EU project)
Innovations in coated textiles
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Top coat materials with easy cleaning properties
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Top coat materials with anti-graffiti properties
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Top coat materials with excellent UV blocking properties (liquid
laminates) => ROLACOAT
Contex-T (EU project)
Incorporation of light
LEDs
EL lamps
Phosphorescent coatings
(glow in the dark)
Incorporation of light
EL lamps
Incorporation of light
EL lamps
Incorporation of light
LEDs
• In contrast to electroluminescent lamps, LEDs require much less power
• Various types: single color LEDs, RGB LEDs
• LEDs integrated textiles have been developed => Lumalive (Philips)
• Problems: humidity, not wash resistant, etc.
• Question: can the LED integrated textile survive the PVC coating process?
RGB LEDs integrated in textile
Incorporation of light
LEDs
• …
• …
Incorporation of light
LEDs
Incorporation of light
LEDs
Integration of photovoltaics (PV)
TAPV
BIPV
PV-integrated TA
Powerfilm
Solar Integrated
FTL Solar
Thermochromic coated textiles