Transcript Chemicals
Instant Coffee
Lauren Shermer
&
Genevieve Day
Instant Coffee
• Derived from brewed coffee beans
• The Japanese were the first to
produce a stable instant coffee
product in the early 1900s
• During World War II, instant coffee
gained fame among American
soldiers after Nestlé marketed its
Nescafé brand
• Can also be used as a homemade
black and white photograph
developer
Freeze Drying Process
1. Coffee beans are roasted and then brewed in hot
water
2. Oxygen and insoluble particles such as coffee
grounds are removed
3. Next, the coffee is sits and the water evaporates
naturally leaving a concentrated coffee solution.
4. This concentrate is then frozen to around 69.4
degrees Fahrenheit.
5. The remaining water freezes into ice crystals.
Sublimation is used to remove the ice
6. What's left is dry granules of instant coffee.
• Because of this process, instant coffee has a longer
shelf life compared to freshly ground coffee beans
Decaffeination Process
• Coffee beans are still in
green state
• The decaffeination process
occurs prior to freeze
drying or spray drying
• Removes 97% to 99% of
caffeine
• Coffee must contain 3% of
caffeine or less to be
classified as decaffeinated
• It is impossible to create a
coffee that is100% caffeine
free
Elements Found in Instant
Coffee
• Various elements are found in different types of raw
coffee beans.
• Different elements and compounds produce
different blends and strengths of coffee
• In many blends of instant coffee the following
elements are present:
o
o
o
o
o
o
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Potassium
Lead
Compounds found in
Coffee
• There are over 200 chemical
compounds found in raw
coffee beans including
• Caffeine
• Arcylamide
• 4-Methylimidazole
• 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2butanone
o Gives coffee a sweet and fruity
aroma
Caffeine
4 Nitrogen
8 Carbon
• Caffeine is one of coffees
major components, there is
about 57 mg per 8oz. cup of
instant coffee.
• There is less caffeine in instant
coffee than in brewed coffee
• Molecular Formula:
C8H10N4O2
Caffeine is composed of the
following elements:
• Nitrogen
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
Also found in…
Carcinogenic Ingredients
Some blends of coffee may contain
small amounts of compounds
identified as carcinogens by the US
National Toxicology Program,
including
• Acrylamide
• 4-methylimidazole
Arcylamide
• Acrylamide is a known lethal
neurotoxin
• Used as binding, or thickening
agents in
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Grout
Cement
Sewage treatment
Pesticide formulations
Cosmetics
Sugar manufacturing
Food packaging and plastic
products
• Acrylamide levels appear to
rise as food is heated for
longer periods of time
• Molecular Formula: C3H5NO
3 Carbon
Also found in…
4-Methylimidazole
• Molecular Formula:
C4H6N2
• Used for caramel
coloring
• Composed of the
following elements:
• Nitrogen
• Hydrogen
• Carbon
Nitrogen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Also found in…