Transcript High Performance Buildings
PASSIVE building
An introduction Certified Passive House, GO Home, Belfast, ME
buildings
CHINA -18,100,000,000 SF PER YEAR
June report from the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE) ,
75% electricity 50% carbon
World Energy Use
U.S. share of world energy consumption: 26% U.S. share of world CO2 emissions: 24% U.S. share of world population: 4.6% US people Ratio - per capita consumption of energy in developed vs. developing countries: 10 times Sources: The Energy Information Administration; The United Nations Energy Committee US energy/ CO2
www.globalchange.gov
1928
Global Climate Change
2004
© 2009 Robby Schwarz www.nrglogic.com
Lance Wright www.greenenergyman.com
Source: Time magazine April, 2006
“Passive”
A rigorous, voluntary building energy standard focusing on a high performance
envelope
with a resulting
minimized mechanical
system.
The Passive House Standard: The “magic numbers” of Passive House Why these numbers?
Cost Effectiveness Trick
“Passive” (roughly more efficient than what we build today)
The Passive House Standard:
CATEGORY: AVERAGE U.S. NEW CONSTRUCTION
(2007)
: PASSIVE HOUSE:
1 Space Specific Heating or Cooling Demand per year: 36.6 kBTU/ft 2 yr (4.75 kBTU/ft 2 yr) < 1.39 kWh/ft 2 yr
(up to 90% better)
2 Total Primary Energy Use per year: (56.64 kBTU/ft 2 yr) (38 kBTU/ft 2 yr) < 11.13 kWh/ft 2 yr
(up to 70% better)
3 Airtightness: n 50 = 3ACH to 5 ACH n 50 < 0.6 ACH
(up to 90% better)
A BTU is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit . (about 5,000 BTU/hour to heat a 1500 square foot passive house on the coldest day of the year, vs a typical house is 100,000 BTU furnace
The Passive House Standard: Watt this means: Heat your 1500 sf house with 1500w or the energy of (15) 100w light bulbs on the coldest hour of the year
Passive house heating system:
1500 watts $14.99 + tax
( no Photovoltaic .i.e. solar electric panels, roughly here (solar hot water potentially) ( WITH Photovoltaic .i.e. solar electric panels, can be negative HERS score or PLUS ENERGY
Eugene LEGER HOUSE The Leger House
looked like a conventional American home
, heated only by its own water heater!
1979
William Shurcliff, 1979 Press Release:
“
1. Truly superb insulation.
Not just thick, but clever and thorough
.
Excellent insulation is provided even at the most difficult places: sills, headers, foundation walls, windows, electric outlet boxes, etc.
2. Envelope of house is
practically airtight
. Even on the windiest days the rate of air change is very low.
3.
No provision of extra-large thermal mass
. (Down with Trombe walls!
Down with water-filled drums and thick concrete floors!) 4. No provision of extra-large south windows. Use normal number and size of south windows — say 100 square feet.
5. No conventional furnace. Merely steal a little heat, when and if needed, from the domestic hot water system. Or use a minuscule amount of electrical heating.”
“
6. No
conventional distribution system for such auxiliary heat
. Inject the heat at one spot and let it diffuse throughout the house.
7. No weird shape of house,
no weird architecture
.
8.
No big added expense.
The costs of the extra insulation and extra care in construction are largely offset by the savings realized from not having huge areas of expensive Thermopane [windows], not having huge well-sealed insulating shutters for huge south windows, and not having a furnace or a big heat distribution system.
9.
The passive solar heating is very modest — almost incidental
.
10. Room humidity remains near 50 percent all winter.
No need for humidifiers.
11.
In summer the house stays cool automatically
. There is no tendency for the south side to become too hot — because the south window area is small and the windows are shaded by eaves”.
Larger developments followed in Canada in 1980 with 14 superinsulated homes, and then with 140 superinsulated homes in Minnesota in the US.
1982-83 Canada sponsors the R2000 program with free training for builders and small subsidies to offset cost and requirement for an airtightness test: a blower-door test. Over 1000 homes were built.
Conservative estimate of total superinsulated homes 1985 in the US and Canada is 10,000 .
It doesn’t
have
to cost more…….
$100k
Community Rebuilds – passive project in the works?
Moab, Utah
$100k
Community Rebuilds – passive project in the works?
Moab, Utah
$250k
Empowerhouse Solar Decathlon - Habitat for Humanity Passive project Deanwood neighborhood of D.C.
$250k
Empowerhouse Solar Decathlon - Habitat for Humanity Passive project Deanwood neighborhood of D.C.
$250k
Empowerhouse Solar Decathlon - Habitat for Humanity Passive project Deanwood neighborhood of D.C.
Winner 2012 CRES award
$350k
2100 square foot near passive house project
Total energy $ per year: Heating: Slab: Walls: Roof: Windows: Ventilation: Hot water: Electric: $300 100% Electric R-40 R-40 R-70 R-5 (.56 SHGC) 96% heat recovery Single 4x8 panel Solar thermal 3.3kW pv system(4600kWh / yr)
ALPINE PASSIVE HOUSE
Boulder, Colorado
TEAM:
FUENTESDESIGN LOPEZ SMOLENS ASSOCIATES CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIGHTLY TREADING SLM CONSTRUCTION ARTESANO PLASTER ZOLA EUROPEAN WINDOWS ULTIMATE AIR LIGHTLY TREADING
$400k
2500 square foot straw bale passive house project
PREFAB + STRAW BALE
ALTITUDE: 7,105 HEATING DEGREE DAYS: 7,051 SSHD: 4.58 kBTU/(FT2YR)
PENDING CERTIFICATION
• • • • • • • FIRE REBUILD 6kW PV LOW EMBODIED ENERGY STRAW BALE WALL SYSTEM THERMAL MASS STORAGE ELECTRIC IN-FLOOR RADIANT HEAT PUMP HOT WATER HEATER 90% LED LIGHTING
VENTILATION – 90% +/- RECOVERY OF HEAT
SOLAR PATHFINDER… SHADING...
FINDING AIR LEAKS….
STATUS: PASSED AIR TEST, CLIENT TO REMOVE BURNED TREES TO CERTIFY SHADING
lighting
Incandescent 20 l/w T5 FLUORESCENT Stanley elec.white LED CREE lab record LED 20 l/w 100 l/w 150 l/w 276 l /w
refrigeration
Subzero Pro 48 Energy Star limit Sunfrost RF16 691 kWh/yr 481 kWh/yr 240 kWh/yr
ENERGY STAR windows ALPEN 725H R-3 .3 SHGC
R-5 .48 SHGC
THERM RESULTS in straw bale wall:
(R-6.31 FRAME) .5 SHGC / .088 U / R-11.36
ψ INSTALL= -.006 (Btu/hr.ft2.F)
R-8 .48 SHGC