Transcript Document
Exploring Spectrum Transformation
Badri Younes
DoD Director, Spectrum Management
DoD Transformational Spectrum Management
- DoD present and future operational environment
- DoD growing spectrum requirements
- Spectrum challenges
- US Spectrum reform initiatives
- Technology solutions and role of cognitive radios
- Key DoD spectrum initiatives
- Netcentric Spectrum Management
The Operational Environment
Net-Centric Warfare Vision: Information Anywhere, Anytime
Assured Communications Anywhere in the World Without Fixed
Infrastructure and Zero Set-up Time – Requires Spectrum!!!
DoD’s Growing Spectrum Requirements
Warfighter Spectrum Use Below 40 GHz
Ship-Shore-Ship
Link 11
Navigation Aids Over-the-Horizon
Radar
Perimeter Detection
Battlefield Sensor
Security Sensor
UGV
Intruder
UAV
UAV/UGV
Detection Radar
UAV
MSRT
MEDEVAC
ATC
EOD
UAV
Beacons
Tactical HF
Position Location
Tactical FM/SINCGARS
JTRS Clusters Implementation
100
kHz
10
MHz
20
MHz
30
MHz
40
MHz
50
MHz
60
MHz
70
MHz
ATC, REMBASS,
Flight Deck
UAV
Battlefield
Soldier Intercom
Security
Control,
Emergency Sensors
Search Radar
UGV
D/L,
Sonobuoy
Locator,
RF Tags
Sonobuoy MEDEVAC
Rescue
VIICS
UAV
MSE/HAVEQUICK
UHF, AM
Tac VHF
Tactical UHF (Ter/SAT) EPLRS
Tactical MW
80
MHz
90
MHz
Tactical PCS
Intrusion
Wireless Comm, Detection
Battlegroup
Cellular
Radar
Radar,
MW Landing
JTIDS
TACAN
JTRS Clusters Implementation
100
MHz
200
MHz
Acquisition/Surveillance/
ATC Radar/INMARSAT/
IRIDIUM/ICIDS
TACAN
GPS
L2, L4/L3, L1
IFF,
GPS L5
300
MHz
400
MHz
500
MHz
600
MHz
700
MHz
800
MHz
900
MHz
1000
MHz
Fire Control/Tracking
MSE, Tactical WB,
Surveillance,
Radar,
Precision Munitions,
DSCS
Fire Control Radar
UAV
MW Sensor
UAV, UGV
Surveillance/Search/ MW Landing
Data Link
MILSTAR, Terrain
MW,
FC Radar
Radar
GBS
Sensor
Tropo
GBS EHF Radio,
Soldier Radio,
UGV,
BCIS
CDL,
TCDL,
Intrusion
UAV
Missile DL Wireless LAN
SCDL, WB DLs
Detection
Search, Fire Control Radar
Challenge Athena, INMARSAT
JTRS Clusters Implementation
1
GHz
2
GHz
3
GHz
4
GHz
5
GHz
6
GHz
21
GHz
30
GHz
40
GHz
DoD’s Growing Spectrum Requirements
•
Large-Scale Ad Hoc Network Complexity
is Beyond “Man-in-the-loop” Planning
-
•
Ever Changing Membership, Extent,
Topology, Routing, …
Varying Demand, Multiple QOS Require
Adaptive Solutions
Planning is at least N2
Up to 50 clusters
•
Medium
Rate
Low Rate
High
Rate
Medium
Rate
Up to 50 nodes
Relay
High
Rate
Relay
Conventional Static Frequency Planning
Process Not Possible
-
Not Enough Spectrum to Provide for All
Possibilities
Network Topology Dynamic - Unknown at
Onset
Actual Link Conditions Known Only if
Reported
Spectrum Challenges
Technology - Wireless Demand - Spectrum
Continued Growth in
Demand for Wireless
Applications
Constrained
Continuing
Development of New
Wireless Technologies
Resource
=
“Stressed”
Access
Need to Transform Spectrum Management
DoD Spectrum Management Principles
DoD Strategic Plan, Dec 2003
• Spectrum is a vital national resource. US
spectrum policy that balances military and
economic security is required.
• Spectrum is indispensable to national security
• DoD is a responsible spectrum user
• DoD will continue to invest in new technologies
to use spectrum more effectively
• DoD commits to actively supporting US policies
and interests in international spectrum bodies
President’s Spectrum Policy Initiative
Background on Implementation Plan
June 2004
30 Nov 2004
May 2005
Report 1: Federal
President’s Memorandum
Implementation Plan
SPECTRUM POLICY FOR THE
21st CENTURY – The
Implementation Plan to
Carryout the President’s
Spectrum Policy Initiative
and Direction
15 Recommendations
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
DONALD L. EVANS, SECRETARY
Report 2: State,
Local, Private
MICHAEL D. GALLAGHER, ASSISTANT
SECRETARY
FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION
MAY 2005
Directed Implementation of
All 24 Recommendations
Plus Additional Tasks
9 Recommendations
• The Plan for What Happens Next
• Draft out Jan 05, in work now
• Seven (7) Projects/Sections
After the I-Plan, the Real Work Begins
DoD Spectrum Initiatives
Vision: Transformed Spectrum Management
Future
Today
• Long Setup Times:
–
–
Engineering for thousands of assignments
Extensive Host Nation (HN) coordination
• Tactical Planning: Extensive and
cumbersome for each engagement,
contingency, and AOR
• Spectrum Inflexibility: Static assignments
dictate paucity in dynamic, RF rich
environments
• Spectrum Scarcity: Throughput limitations
due to spectrum bandwidth constraints
• Sub-Optimization: Future potential netcentricity restricted by existing practices
• Near-Zero Setup Time:
–
–
Configure system operating parameters via
software
Standards approach will enable precoordinated HN agreements
• Adaptive Tactical Planning: Automated
adaptation to regional, local, and tactical
policies
• Dynamic Spectrum Management: Provides
assured access to and efficient utilization
of spectrum
• Spectrum Utilization Optimized: Access
spectrum at the right place and at the right
time.
• Spectrum enables Net-Centricity to the last
“tactical” mile:
–
–
Spectrum no longer a constraining factor
Minimizes Spectrum “Fratricide”
Technology Solutions
Promise of SDR
The Goal is
OPTIMIZED Spectrum Use:
Multiple Bands - Multiple Functions
Autonomous Network Operation
Access Anywhere, Anytime
Manage by Open Access
The Key is
Software-Enabled ADAPTATION:
Adapt to RF Environment
Adapt to Network Environment
Adapt to Info/Mission Environment
Adapt to Regulatory Environment
SMART
Software
Smart
The Fully Adaptive,
“Cognitive” Radio
Technology Solutions
SDR Evolution Transparent Spectrum Access
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIOS
CONVENTIONAL LEGACY RADIOS
Time
EPLRS
SINCGARS
NTDR
Have Quick
SINCGARS ASIP
DMR
Specific Frequency Channel
Assignments and Hop Sets
Single Operating Band
Fixed Modulation & Bandwidth
Limited Data Rates or Analog Voice
Channels
XG
Cognitive Radio?
SUO/SAS
Fully
Adaptive
Partially
Adaptive
Non-Adaptive
JTRS
Multi-band, Multi-mode, MultiWaveform
Dynamic Channel Monitoring
and Selection - Fixed
Assignments
Self-managing, Capable of
Dynamically Sensing and Using
Any Available Channels
Capable of Negotiating Shortterm Spectrum Leases
Spectrum “Etiquette” for
Interference Avoidance
Flexible Waveforms & Data
Rates Adapt to Available
Spectrum, Interference and
Threats
Variable High/low Data Rate to
Match the Channel
Multi-network / Protocol Capable:
WAN, LAN, PAN
Packet Network Radio - Packet
Voice, Data, and Video
Packet Network Radio - All
Packet Service
Self-forming / Healing
Networking With Robust Routing
Hybrid Wideband Waveforms
and Frequency Hopping With
Interference Mitigation
DoD Spectrum Initiatives
Transformed Spectrum Management
Net
Force
JTRS
WIN-T
Enterprise
Services
DS3
Shared Information
Environment
Spectrum
Situational
Awareness
Cognitive
Spectrum
Use
Commercial
6
Sense & Adjust
Adaptive
Spectrum
Control
Blue Force
Spectrum
M&S
5
Spectrum
XXI
FY20
GIG
FY16
4
3
2
1
FY05
FY06
• S3
• TSM Arch
• NC SM Strat
FY12
FY08
• JTRS
• NCES
• TSM Arch • WNW
• WIN-T
• GIG Component• Test Bed
• TC
• Roadmap
• NetOps
• NCES
• Horiz. Fusion
• Test Bed
• JTRS
• WIN-T
• FCS
• IA
•QoS
Red Force
• IA
• WIN-T
• JTRS
• FCS
• IA
• WIN-T
• JTRS
• FCS
Migration Strategy
DoD Spectrum Initiatives
Spectrum Management Architecture
I-Plan
SPECTRUM POLICY FOR
THE 21st CENTURY – The
Implementation Plan to
Carryout the President’s
Spectrum Policy Initiative and
Direction
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
DONALD L. EVANS, SECRETARY
MICHAEL D. GALLAGHER,
ASSISTANT SECRETARY
FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND
INFORMATION
MAY 2005
Presidential
Spectrum
Initiative
Change Drivers
Actions
Necessary to
Achieve SM
Strategic
Goals
SM Policies
Application
for
Frequency
Allocation
DD Form
1494
Improved
Spectrum Supportability
Process & Tools
Defense Spectrum
Management Architecture
Outcomes
Transformation
to Net-centric
Environment
Spectrum
Requirements
Process & Tools
Ship-Shore-Ship
Link 11
Navigation Aids Over-the-Horizon
Radar
Perimeter Detection
Battlefield Sensor
Security Sensor
UGV
Intruder
UAV
UAV/UGV
Detection Radar
UAV
MSRT
MEDEVAC
ATC
UAV EOD
Beacons
Tactical HF
Position Location
Tactical FM/SINCGARS
JTRS Clusters Implementation
100
kHz
10
MHz
20
MHz
30
MHz
40
MHz
50
MHz
60
MHz
70
MHz
ATC, REMBASS,
Flight Deck
UAV
Battlefield
Soldier Intercom
Security
Control,
Emergency Sensors
Search Radar
UGV D/L,
Sonobuoy
Locator,
RF Tags
Sonobuoy MEDEVAC
Rescue
VIICS
UAV
MSE/HAVEQUICK
UHF, AM
Tac VHF
Tactical UHF (Ter/SAT) EPLRS
Tactical MW
80
MHz
90
MHz
Tactical PCS
Intrusion
Wireless Comm, Detection
Battlegroup
Cellular
Radar
Radar,
MW Landing
JTIDS
TACAN
JTRS Clusters Implementation
100
MHz
200
MHz
Acquisition/Surveillance/
ATC Radar/INMARSAT/
IRIDIUM/ICIDS
TACAN
Ops Requirements
GPS
L2, L4/L3, L1
IFF,
GPS L5
300
MHz
400
MHz
500
MHz
600
MHz
700
MHz
800
MHz
900
MHz
1000
MHz
Fire Control/Tracking
MSE, Tactical WB,
Surveillance,
Radar,
Precision Munitions,
DSCS
Fire Control Radar
UAV
MW Sensor
UAV, UGV
Surveillance/Search/ MW Landing
Data Link
MILSTAR, Terrain
MW,
FC Radar
Radar
GBS
Sensor
Tropo
GBS EHF Radio,
Soldier Radio,
UGV,
BCIS
CDL, TCDL,
Intrusion
UAV
Wireless
LAN
Missile DL
SCDL, WB DLs
Detection
Search, Fire Control Radar
Challenge Athena, INMARSAT
JTRS Clusters Implementation
1
GHz
2
GHz
3
GHz
4
GHz
5
GHz
6
GHz
21
GHz
30
GHz
40
GHz
Net-centric Spectrum Management
Net-centric Operations and Warfare Reference Model
• NII has identified four key elements to provide a
foundation for Net-centricity
– A change in how we look at Data -- TPPU
– Core Enterprise Services
IA
SM
Data
– Built-in, end-to-end Information Assurance
– Spectrum Management Transformation
CES
• To store, discover and use the data
DoD Net-Centric
Spectrum Management Strategy
• Provides the basis for transforming SM to
achieve Net-Centricity
– A Framework for SM in the Net-Centric
Environment assuring On-the-Move Access
and Interference-free Operations
– “Entry fee” for including Spectrum
Considerations in the NCOW RM and NetCentric Checklist
• Recognizes SM as part of the integrated GIG
Architecture
– Presents the What – a Vision of SM in a Netcentric Environment, NOT the How –
Approach and Implementation
Intelligent, Self-Synchronizing, Transparent
Spectrum Usage
BACKUP
DoD Spectrum Management
“Coordination Channels”
Inter-Agency
Coordination
ASD(NII)
Inter-Agency
Coordination
Joint Staff
DASD(S2)
Unified &
Specified
Commands
MilSec
Spectrum*
Management
Directorate
Inter-Agency
OSM
Coordination
MCEB
IRAC
DoD
Representation
DSO
Service
Unique
Joint
Frequency
Panel
ASMO
NMSC
Joint Frequency
Management
Office
AFFMA
Technical Support
JSC
Technical Support
Spectrum NII Mission/Vision
Mission
“Establish and execute comprehensive, cohesive [and effective]
spectrum policies to proactively promote and protect assured access
to the frequency spectrum and ensure its effective and efficient use.”
Vision
"Power to the Edge through Spectrum: Assure the availability of, and
access to, sufficient electromagnetic spectrum to allow U.S. Armed
Forces to achieve dominance throughout the full range of military
operations”
Spectrum Requirements Trend Analysis
Spectrum
Access in
Hertz
Must Pursue A Level
Playing Field
Requirements
Available
Near-Term Future*
•Example: Conducting a brigade
level training exercise at NTC Fort
Irwin employed 35,000 emitters
–More than 80% were borrowed
from non-DoD users
Time
*Variable By Functional Area.
Generally 5 - 10 Years.
Demand Increasing
Different Challenges: Home and Abroad
National
-Training Challenges
-Test Range Encroachment
- Operational Impacts
International
-Joint/Coalition Ops
-Int’l Issues
-Host Nation Agreements
Balancing National Priorities