Chapter 11 PPT
Download
Report
Transcript Chapter 11 PPT
Electromagnetic Waves
Chapter 11
Section 1
What are Electromagnetic Waves?
Vocabulary: electromagnetic wave; photon
How does a vibrating electric charge produce an
electromagnetic wave?
What properties describe electromagnetic waves?
How do electromagnetic waves transfer energy?
What are Electromagnetic
Waves?
Waves are produced by something that vibrates and
carry energy from one place to another
We learned that waves such as sound cannot move
unless they have matter (or a medium) to transfer the
energy through
BUT there is one type of energy that does not require
matter
The electromagnetic wave is made by vibrating electric
charges.
They are composed of changing electric fields and
magnetic fields
Properties
The vibrating electric and magnetic fields of an
electromagnetic wave are perpendicular to each other
(pg340). This is also a transverse wave.
In a vacuum, all electromagnetic waves travel at
300,000 km/s. Light is a type of electromagnetic
wave which is why its called the “speed of light”.
Nothing travels faster than the speed of light.
Wavelength is the distance from crest to crest and
frequency (hertz) is the number of wavelengths that
pass a point in a second. As frequency (f) increases,
the wavelength (λ) becomes smaller.
Matter &
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic waves can make objects hot such as
asphalt
This energy is called radiant energy
Radiant energy makes fires feel warm and enables
you to see
Waves & Particles
A wave is a disturbance that carries energy; particle
is a piece of matter
Albert Einstein provided an explanation to Heinrich
Hertz’s experiment of creating a spark by shining
light on a metal. Einstein said an electromagnetic
wave can behave as a particle called a photon. A
photon is a massless bundle of energy that behaves
like a particle. As the frequency increases, the energy
of the photon increases.
Section 2
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Vocabulary: radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves,
visible light, ultraviolet waves, X-rays, gamma rays
What are the main divisions of the electromagnetic
spectrum?
What are the properties of each type of electromagnetic
wave?
What are some common uses of each type of
electromagnetic wave?
A Range of Frequencies
Wide range from vibrating once each second or
trillions of times each second
The entire range of frequencies is called the
electromagnetic spectrum
Each section has a specific name (pg 345)
Each region interacts with matter differently and the
human eye only detects a small portion called visible
light.
Radio Waves
Longer than 10 cm
Long wavelengths and low frequencies
You hear sound when your radio changes the radio
wave into a sound wave
Radar: Radio Detecting And Ranging; used for
tracking
MRI create a map of different tissues to provide an
inside picture of the patient’s body which is
produced painlessly
Microwaves
Wavelengths between 0.1 mm and 30cm but 1cm to
20 cm are used in communication such as cell
phones and satellites. Most familiar with microwave
ovens.
Microwave ovens interact with water, which is why
you have a defrost setting on the microwave because
the water molecules in crystallize form cannot rotate.
Infrared Rays
You feel warmth from these wavelengths that range
from about a thousandth of a meter to a about 700billionths of a meter
Hotter objects emit more infrared waves than cooler
objects
Used by firefighters, energy-efficiency of a structure,
CD-ROM drives, TV remote controls
Visible Light
Range you can detect with your eyes with wavelengths
around 700-billionths to 400-billionths of a meter
Visible light only differs from radio waves, microwaves,
and infrared waves by its frequency and wavelength
Color is the brains interpretation of the light absorbed
by substances in the eye
Short wavelengths are violet to long such as red
If all colors are present in the same place, you see white
Ultraviolet Waves
UV waves can enter cells making them both harmful
and useful
Can cause sunburn (UVA & UVB) but some
exposure is healthy because it creates vitamin D.
It can disinfect food, water, medical supplies
Fluoresce power to reveal fingerprints
Ozone layer
X-Rays
Penetrate skin and soft tissues but not denser
material such as teeth and bones (Low doses)
Used in airport screening
Can be harmful and both helpful to humans
Gamma Rays
High frequencies and highest-energy photons
Can penetrate several centimeters of lead
Produced by processes that occur in the nuclei of
atoms
Can be focused to an area and cause cancer cells to
die which unfortunately also kills healthy cells in the
process
Section 3
Radio Comunication
Vocabulary: carrier wave, modulation, analog signal,
digital signal, transceiver, Global Positioning System
(GPS)
How are carrier waves modulated to transmit
information?
What is the difference between amplitude
modulation and frequency modulation?
What technologies use radio waves and microwaves
for communication?
Radio Transmissions
Each radio, cell and television station uses an
assigned frequency so stations don’t interfere with
each other (pg 352)- AM, FM, etc.
Specific frequency to which a station is assigned is
called the carrier wave
Know the difference between FM and AM radios
Closer to the tower the stronger the signal; bad
weather, surrounding mountains and artificial
structures can interfere with radio transmissions
The Digital Revolution
Analog signals are electric signals whose values
change smoothly over time
Digital signals, started in 2009, is an electrical signal
where there are only two possible values, on and off.
Converter boxes
Telephones
Used to be connected with wires
Cell phones are transceivers which transmits one
radio signal and receives another radio signal
Pagers work in a similar fashion
Communications Satellites
Microwave signal is sent to the satellites and as a
transceiver it sends pack to a particular region on
Earth
Satellite cell phones such as when crossing the ocean
there are no towers to switch between; delay in twoway communications
Dishes uses microwaves rather than radio waves
GPS
System of satellites, ground monitoring stations and
receivers that determine your exact location at or
above Earth’s surface
Need four satellites to determine the location of an
object using a GPS receiver
Owned and operated by USDoD but the signals sent
out can be used by anyone. Pet collars, airplanes,
ships, cars, etc.