Transcript Imperialism

Bell Ringer
• What is Imperialism?
• What is a sphere of influence?
• What is the “White Man’s Burden”?
Bell Ringer
• How is New Imperialism different from Old
imperialism?
• What modern day country was once called
Siam?
• What is the Suez Canal?
Bell Ringer
• Where are Laos, Cambodia, and Siam located?
• What South East Asian country did the US
control?
• What is the Panama Canal?
CH 17: Imperialism
Origins of Imperialism
• The Industrial Revolution had led to
the massive increase of production
and consumption.
• This caused European nations
(America Later) to find new markets
to sell their goods, and new areas to
obtain raw materials from
• Imperialism is the practice where a
state takes political and economic
control of an area beyond its boarders
• Though some areas will avoid
imperialism (Japan, Thailand, Iran, &
Afghanistan) large parts of the world
were affected
World before Imperialism
New Imperialism
• In Old Imperialism
Europeans would take
control of a land, sail into a
port, pick up goods (spices,
products, slaves), paid in
silver, and sailed away.
• Under New Imperialism
Europeans still took control
of these areas, but now
they took more control of
the politics and economics
of these foreign lands.
Political & Socio-Economic Factors
• Politically Europeans engaged in
Imperialism as a way to control key
areas (and deprive their
competition of it)
• Socio-Economically European
nations needed imperialism.
• Mid-late 1800s Europe experienced
unemployment, poverty, and strikes
• The ability to conquer and control
foreign territory was a source of
national pride, and one that helped
people forget problems at home
White Man’s Burden
• Europeans also viewed
themselves as superior to many
parts of the world
• It became a culturally accepted
belief that it was their duty to
help “civilize” the less developed
people of the world
• British Poet Rudyard Kipling
famously called this the, “White
Man’s Burden.”
• Though this point of view was
extremely racist, it helped to
justify European actions
White Man’s Burden
White Man’s Burden
• South Asia
– India
• The British East India Company
controlled Indian for a period of
time
• The “Great Rebellion” broke out in
India because the British had
ignored very specific Hindu &
Muslim religious beliefs regarding
animal fat
• The British would regain control, but
would take more direct control over
the area. Parliament would almost
directly control the Raj (Ruler)
• Later the high ranking officials in
India would be groomed by
Europeans. They would sit in high
positions, but never actually created
laws or policies.
Imperialism In
Asia
Imperialism in Asia
• Central & Southwest Asia
– Iran
– Russia had systematically
been expanding southwards
since the 1500s
– Britain saw this as a threat
and the two empires
clashed
– The British and Russians
would have independence
spheres of influence in
Persia
– Afghanistan acted as a
buffer (Meaning neither
could take it over)
• East Asia
– China suffered greatly from
European Imperialism
– Though the Chinese were a
developed nation, they could not
match the technology of Europeans
– Germany, France, Russia, Britain
and Japan would all claim areas of
China as their own
– The Japanese also displayed their
changed island by defeating the
Chinese and Russians in separate
wars
Imperialism
in Asia
Imperialism in
Asia
• South East Asia
– Britain had expanded over
from Indian into SE Asia
claiming Burma, parts of
Mainland Malaysia, and
Singapore
– The French claimed
Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and
parts of Indonesia because of
a history of religious missions
in those areas
– The Spanish would gain
control of the Philippines, but
later lose it to the United
States
• Siam (Thailand was free)
Africa
• Africa will become the next
main area that Europeans
colonized.
• Originally Europeans had
colonies close to the coast
so they could pick up
shipments of gold and
slaves
• Eventually they will claim
much of the continent with
little regard for natural
borders.
Boers or Afrikaners
• The British who settled in South
Africa became known as Boers or
Afrikaners
• They constantly moved inland in
search of better land, and for that
reason came into conflict with
African Natives (whom the Boers
enslaved)
• Once the British outlawed slavery
the Boers formed three republics
where slavery was legal. The
British would annex one, but
legally recognize the other two
• The British and Boers would
come into conflict on numerous
occasions, and eventually fight
two wars in 1881 and 1899
known as the Boer Wars
• South Africa also experienced
an economic boom from the
diamond and gold deposits
found in the area
• 1880, due to increase economic
activity on the continent, and
more land being claimed, the
Scramble for Africa would begin
Scramble for Africa
• Egypt was an important region during the
Scramble for Africa.
• Both the British and the French had invested
in Egypt, and were concerned with the nations
well being
• A major reason for the concern was the Suez
Canal, which was built with the help of the
French, and extensively used by the British
• Britain would invade Egypt to help
“stabilize” it
• French would expand their
territorial possessions from Algeria
• Germans would claim portions of
both African Coast
• Dutch would claim the Congo
Valley River Basin
– The European powers would hold a
conference to discuss the well being
of Africa
– Really numerous back room deals
were made where boarders were
drawn up
– The Africans had no representation
at this meeting.
Ethiopia
• There was resistance across
Africa to much of the
Imperialist attempts by
European powers
• The King of Ethiopia had
modernized his country,
including his rather large
military
• Italy attempted to conquer
Ethiopia, but suffered huge
casualties for their effort
• Ethiopia would be recognized
as a sovereign and
independent nation
Imperialism in Latin America
• Numerous nations in Latin
America had won their
independence in the 1800s
• The British, and other European
powers, still saw opportunities in
Latin America
• They wanted nations they were
trading partners with to become
more economically important, so
European nations would
influence or hinder Latin
American nations to their benefit.
• In 1832, James Monroe closed
the American Continents to
“Future colonization by any
European powers.”
• This is known as the Monroe
Doctrine.
• In 1904 Theodor Roosevelt
would Introduce the
Roosevelt Corollary
• He said it was the US’ job to
protect the weak countries of
the Western Hemisphere and
to act as “international police
power.”
Americas for
Americans
• By declaring the Roosevelt
Corollary President Roosevelt
did two things
– Stated Europe had no reason to
interfere in Latin America
– The US was now strong enough
to fight off European Powers if
they needed to
• Roosevelt’s threat did not stop
the British or French from
establishing and officially
claiming lands in South
America, but it did slow them
down.
• The US would become involved
in the Spanish American War
• The US would get involved in the
Spanish American war to aid Cuba
• The War lasted only 4 months and
the US easily won
• The official peace stated:
– Cuba gets their independence, but
permanently leases a military base at
Guantanamo Bay to the USA

The Platt Amendment & Teller
Amendment will stop the US from
annexing Cuba
1. The US gets Puerto Rico and Guam
2. The US gains the Philippines in
exchange for $20 Million.
• So Europeans shouldn’t mess with
Latin America… but the US could
The Spanish
American
War
Panama Canal
• Roosevelt was annoyed that
during the Spanish American
War ships had to sail around
South American to get to the
Philippines
• Roosevelt tried to buy the
land but was turned down,
so instead encouraged the
Panamanian people to rebel
against Columbia.
• The 2 biggest obstacles to overcome were disease &
geography
• It took 10 years and 40,000 workers but the canal was
completed
Imperialism:
Good
Bad
• Europe came to view
foreign nations as people
with skills -> Slavery was
bad (by 1888 outlawed in
ALL Western Countries)
• Western medicine helped
cure diseases
• Infrastructure (roads,
bridges, etc) greatly
improved in countries to aid
trade
• Lots of people (natives) died
trying to resist stronger
European armies
• Destruction of native
cultures, traditions,
religions
• Nations lost their identity
starting decades long
independence movements