Transcript Jesuits
BELL RINGER Please be prepared for your reading quiz. http://www.pbs.org/empires/medici/renaissan ce/counter.html AGENDA/OBJECTIVES Reading Quiz Let’s see what you know! Causes of the Reformation Growing problems within the Catholic Church Who is Martin Luther? Followers of Martin Luther. Violence: Catholics vs. Protestants – what is to come? The Catholics strike back! SEE WHAT YOU KNOW! 1. What is an indulgence? 2. where did Martin Luther nail his 95 theses? 3. What happened to Luther in the Catholic Church? 4. Why did King Henry VIII break off from the Catholic Church? 5. Who did Elizabeth I defeat in 1588? Why was this important? CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION The renaissance secular ideas challenged the authority of the church. The printing press helped spread these secular ideas. CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION Merchants grew tired of paying church taxes to Rome. Leaders resented the pope (felt they were being controlled) GROWING PROBLEMS Popes spent money like A-rod and started beef worse than 50 cent. Priest and monks became increasingly less educated. Married, Gambled, and drink to excess– When in Vegas? EARLY CALLS TO REFORM Christian Humanist criticized the church. i.e. Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More 1490s – Girolamo Savonarola preached in Florence until executed for “heresy”. MARTIN LUTHER Monk Taught scripture at the University of Wittenberg In 1517, became public about the sale of indulgences. October 31, 1517 nailed the 95 theses to the door of the castle church in Wittenberg. MARTIN LUTHER Eventually wanted a full reform of the church. 3 teachings: 1. Win salvation only through faith in God. 2. Church teachings should only be based on the bible. 3. All people with faith were equal. RESPONSE TO LUTHER His ideas spread rapidly Pope Leo X threatened to excommunicate Luther if he did not take back his statements. Luther refused and he was excommunicated. RESPONSE TO LUTHER Emperor Charles V put Luther on trial and declared him an outlaw and heretic. Stated no one was to give him shelter or feed him. People disobeyed this decree where Luther stayed. In 1522, Luther returned to Wittenberg and found most people were using his ideas. They were called Lutherans. IDEAS Priest dressed in ordinary clothes. They were free to marry. Led services in German rather than Latin. IMPACT OF WRITING IN THE VERNACULAR Luther rewrote the bible into German (his vernacular) The push of rewriting the bible into the vernacular led to literacy rates rising as a consequence. WRITING ACTIVITY Imagine you are Martin Luther and you are getting ready to walk up to the church door and nail the 95 theses. Create a quick rap or poem that depicts what must have been going through his mind. Remember – He knew he was risking his life and faith. THE REFORMATION CONTINUES… In 1536, John Calvin published a book called Institutes of the Christian Religion. It created a system of Protestant theology. JOHN CALVIN Taught men and women were sinful by nature. Preached the idea of Predestination PREDESTINATION God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved. CALVINISM Religion based on John Calvin’s teachings. JOHN CALVIN Preached the idea of Theocracy. A government controlled by religious leaders. GENEVA, SWITZERLAND 1541 – Protestants asked Calvin to run their city. Strict rules: -Church attendance mandatory -No bright colored clothes -No playing card games Punishment = imprisonment, excommunication, banishment JOHN KNOX 1559- visited Geneva and learned the ideas of Calvin. Returned home to Scotland and put Calvin’s ideas to work and started the Presbyterians. FRANCE Followers of John Calvin were called Huguenots. AUGUST 24, 1572 The Catholic feast of St. Bartholomew’s Day. At dawn Catholic mobs began hunting for Protestants and killing them. Lasted 6 months. Up to 12,000 Huguenots were killed. OTHER REFORMERS Protestants taught the bible is the source of all truth about religion. Christians interpreted the bible for themselvesgroups formed based on these interpretations. THE ANABAPTISTS Group that only baptized people who were old enough to decide to be Christian. Both persecuted by the Protestants and Catholics. Survivors became Amish. CATHOLIC REFORMATION Also known as the Counter Reformation. Ignatius Loyola wrote Spiritual Exercises. Book laid out day to day meditations, prayer, and study. IGNATIUS LOYOLA 1540 – The pope made Ignatius followers into a religious order called the Society of Jesus. Also called Jesuits. HOMEWORK Give a 3 paragraph summary of what happened in England during the reformation involving King Henry VIII. Research these questions 1. who were the two most notable popes in the counter reformation and what did they do? 2. What was the Council of Trent? 3. What is the legacy of the Reformation? JESUITS 3 activities: 1. Create superb schools 2. Convert non-Christians to Catholics 3. Stop Protestantism from spreading THE ENGLISH REFORMATION http://www.cbc.ca/player/Shows/Shows/The+ Tudors/Web+Exclusives/ID/1237287107/ ON A SHEET OF PAPER Answer these questions: 1. Who was Martin Luther? 2. Why did Henry VIII break off from the Catholic Church? 3. Define the term Vernacular? 4. What book did Niccolo Machiavelli write? 5. Name one painting that came from Leonardo da Vinci.