Transcript Arches of the foot.ppt

Arches of the foot
1- Medial Longitudinal arch.
2- Lateral longitudinal arch.
3- Transverse arch.
The Medial Longitudinal Arch
Posterior Pillar: Calcaneus
Top:
Talus
Anterior pillar: Navicular, 3 cuniforms, med. 3 metatarsals.
Functions:
1- Distribution of body weight,
2- Protection of soft structures,
3- Shock absorption.
4- Elastic propulsion during walking or running
The Medial Longitudinal Arch (cont.)
Factors keeping med. Long. Arch:
1. Ligaments: Spring lig., deltoid lig.,
plantar aponeurosis,
interosseous ligs.,
long & short plantar ligs.
2. Muscles: Tibialis post., tibialis ant.,
flexor hallucis longus,
flexor digitorum longus,
short muscles of the big toe.
3. Bony factor: The shape and constitution
of the bones keep the foot in
the arching position.
The Lateral Longitudinal Arch
Posterior Pillar: Calcaneus
Top
: -----Anterior pillar: Cuboid, lateral 2 metatarsals.
Function:
1- Distribution of body weight,
2- Protection of soft structures,
3- Shock absorption.
4- Support the body weight during standing.
The Lateral Longitudinal Arch (cont.)
Factors keeping lat. Long. Arch:
1. Ligaments: plantar aponeurosis,
interosseous ligs.,
long & short plantar ligs.
2. Muscles: Peroneus longus & brevis.
Flexor digitorum longus.
Short muscles of the little
toe.
3. Bony factor: The shape and
constitution of the
bones keep the foot
in the arching position
The Transverse Arch
Formed by: 1- Bases of the metatarsal bones
2- Cuboid 3- The 3 cuniforms. (incomplete arch)
Factors keeping the Transverse Arch:
1.
Bony Factor:
Intermediate and
lateral cuniforms
are wedge- shaped.
2. Ligaments:
Deep transverse lig.
interosseous ligs.
(dorsal and
planter)
3. Muscles:
- Peroneus longus &
brevis,
- Transverse head of
adductor hallucis,
- Slips of tibialis
posterior
Anomalies:
1- Flat foot (pes planus): Rotatation of the calcaneus ----►
evertion of the plantar surface, slipping down of the talus
and navicular -----► lenthening of the medial longitudinal
arch and abduction of the forefoot.
Cause: Excess weight on the medial side of the foot due to
malalignment of bones, relaxation of ligaments, or
muscular imbalance.
2- Talipes equinovarus: Plantar flexion, inversion, and
adduction of the foot.
3- Talipes calcaneovulgus: Dorsiflexion, eversion, and
abduction
4- Sprain: Tear of the ligaments of the ankle ---►severe
disability