Transcript Ropeways in North America – Impacts, Benefits and Outlook
ROPEWAYS IN NORTH AMERICA
IMPACTS, BENEFITS AND OUTLOOK
Jim Fletcher, P.E.
Engineering Specialties Group OITAF CONGRESS - RIO de JANEIRO October 27, 2011
PURPOSE
HISTORICAL IMPACTS AND BENEFITS OF ROPEWAYS OUTLOOKS FOR ROPE TRASNPORTATION-NEXT 25 YEARS 10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
2
HISTORICAL IMPACTS
First Used in Asiatic Countries in the 1400’s.
Used by the Spanish Conquistadors in the Gold Mines of Columbia in South America circa 1530s.
Significant use in North America in the late 1800’s for Gold and Silver 4000 Material Ropeways Built in North America since 1860 10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
3
HISTORICAL IMPACTS
PASSENGER TRANSPORT – FUNICULARS SAN FRANCISCO CABLE CARE – 1870s LOS ANGLES ECHO MOUNTAIN – 1890s LOS ANGLES MT. WASHINGTON – 1900s CHATTANOGGA LOOKOUT MTN – 1895 PITTSBURGH DUQUESNE - 1877 PITTSBURGH MONONGAHELIA - 1870 10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
4
HISTORICAL IMPACTS
PASSENGER TRANSPORT – URBAN ROOSEVELT ISLAND TRAM NEW YORK 10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
5
HISTORICAL IMPACTS
PASSENGER TRANSPORT – AUTOMATED PEOPLE MOVERS CIRCUS CIRCUS SHUTTLE LAS VEGAS – 1981 MUD ISLAND MONORAIL MEMPHIS, TN – 1982 CINCINNATI AIRPORT - 1994 Mandalay Bay Zurich Airport 10/27/2011 Mexico City Airport Jim Fletcher, P.E.
6
HISTORICAL IMPACTS
PASSENGER TRANSPORT – SKI RESORT ROPEWAYS FIRST CHAIRLIFT SUN VALLEY IDAHO - 1937 FIRST DOUBLE CHAIRLIFT BERTHOUD PASS - 1946 1300 AERIAL SYSTEMS 1960 TO 1990 FIRST 4-P DETACHABLE CHARILIFT BRECKENRIDGE - 1981 10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
7
MARKET IMPACTS
PRECIOUS METALS – LATE 1800s SKIING – POST WWII 10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
8
MARKET IMPACTS
SKIING National Ski Areas Associate, www.nsaa.org
Technical Director, 133 South Van Gordon St, Suite 300, Lakewood, CO. 80228, (303) 987-1111, [email protected]. Active Tramway Database, Sid Roslund, 10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
9
MARKET IMPACTS
AUTOMATED PEOPLE MOVERS
OPERATOR Circus Circus - LV Circus Circus - Reno Mandalay Bay - LV Mirage Treasurer Is Primadonna - NV City Center – LV Mud Island – TN Getty Center – CA Huntsville – AL YEAR BUILT
1981 1986 1989 1994 1990 2009 1981 1997 2002
PASS/DAY
4000 6000 75000 5000 5000 10000 2000 15000 2000
MANUFACTURER
SDI SDI DCC SDI SDI DCC SDI Otis Otis Table 1 - APM Rope Systems – Leisure & Institutional Fabian, Lawrence, Airfront.21, www.airfront.us
10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
10
MARKET IMPACTS
AUTOMATED PEOPLE MOVERS
AIRPORT Cincinnati – OH Detroit - MI Mexico City - Mexico Minneapolis – MN Minneapolis – MN Toronto - Canada Birmingham – UK Tokyo – Narita Zurich – SW YEAR BUILT
1994 2002 2007 2000 2004 2005 2003 1992 2003
PASS/DAY
35000 50000 25000 10000 7000 25000 10000 40000 30000
MANUFACTURER
Table 2 - APM Rope Systems – Airports Otis Otis DCC Poma-Otis Poma-Otis DCC DCC Otis Poma-Otis 10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
11
MARKET IMPACTS
AERIAL CABIN ROPEWAYS Cannon Mountain Tramway Roosevelt Island Tramway 10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
12
MARKET IMPACTS
AERIAL CABIN ROPEWAYS Portland Tramway 10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
13
BENEFITS
Economic
Safety
Environment
10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
14
BENEFITS
Economic - Skiing
75,000,000 Skier-Day Visits in North America $3,000,000,000 Annual Investment Potential $5,650,000,000 Annual Revenue Winter Employment – 155,000 Summer Employment – 27,000 10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
15
BENEFITS
Economic – Automated People Movers
APM Systems - $7M - $25M per Mile Self-Propelled - $40M - $100M per Mile Airport Systems N/A – 25% Rope Propelled Airport Systems World – 18% Rope Propelled Ridership – 13% - 14% of Airport Systems 10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
16
BENEFITS
Safety
1960 to 2010 - 2,800,000,000 Skier-Day Visits 1960 to 2010 - 18,200,000,000 Passengers 10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
17
Table 3 – Ropeway Accidents North America
BENEFITS - Safety
LOCATION DATE FATALITY INJURY COMMENT Nebraska Fair Raton Pass, NM Pomerelle, Idaho Vail, CO Jiminy Peak, MA Hunter Mountain, NY Squaw Valley, CA
7/65 6/68 1/73 3/76 1/77 1/78 4/78 2 1 4 4 48 7 10 5 10 4 32 Gondola-Tower Failure Chairlift-Rollback Chairlift-Rollback Gondola TR Wire Chairlift Deropement Chairlift Rollback Tram-TR Derope Wind
Heavenly, CA Big Powderhorn, MI Keystone, CO Maple Mtn, MI Sierra Ski Ranch, CA Whistler, B.C., Canada Snow Valley, Ont., Can Lutsen Mtn, MN Angels Flight, L.A., CA
4/81 2/84 12/85 12/89 4/93 12/95 12/96 8/00 2/01 1 2 1 1 2 1 17 8 48 1 10 1 6 7 Chairlift-Deropement Mechanic in BW Chairlift-BW Failure Tow-Clothing Caught Grip Caught in Sheave Chairlift-Grip Detach Chairlift Deropement Gondola-Grip Failure Funicular-Brake Failure 1
Mt. Sunapee, NH Blackcome, B.C., Can.
Heavenly, CA Devils Head, WI Sugarloaf, ME
12/07 12/08 9/09 1 1 10 1 Chairlift-BW Derope Gondola-Tower Failure Zip Caught Chari 12/09 14 Chairlift-Rollback 12/10 8 Chairlift-Deropement
Table 3 – Ropeway Accidents North America
10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
18
BENEFITS - Safety
COMPARISON Ropeways Airlines Transit FATALITIES
21 3277 5681
PASS (x10 6 )
18,196 19,180 176,400
RATE
0.001154
0.170100
0.032210
PERIOD
1960-2010 1960-2010 1990-2010
Airlines Transit Table 4 – Fatality Rate per Million Passengers COMPARISON FATALITIES PASS MILES (x10 8 ) Ropeways
21 127.4
1482 5681 107,170 8,308
RATE
0.1648
0.0138
0.6840
Table 5 – Fatality Rate per 100 Million Passengers Miles PERIOD
1960-2010 1991-2010 1990-2010
COMPARISON Ski Lifts Elevators Automobiles YEARLY PASS MILES (x10 6 )
224.25
1,360
AVERAGE # OF FATALITIES/YR.
0.324
6.000
2,925,000 39,000
Table 6 – Fatality Rate Comparison NSAA RATE PER 100 MILLION MILES
0.144
0.441
1.330
10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
19
BENEFITS
Environmental
Minimal Infrastructure Along the Alignment Transportation in Biologically Sensitive Areas Minimal Use of Resources per Passenger-Mile of Transport Minimal Visual Impact Mt. Roberts - AK Skyrail Rain Forest Whistler-Blackcomb - CAN 10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
20
BENEFITS
Environmental
1.Planning, Design, and Construction 2.Water Use for Snowmaking 3.Water Use in Facilities 4.Water Use for Landscaping and Summer 5.Water Quality Management 6.Wastewater Management 7.Energy Use for Facilities 8.Energy Use for Snowmaking 9.Energy Use for Lifts 10.Energy Use for Vehicle Fleets 11.Waste Reduction 12.Recycling
13.Potentially Hazardous Wastes 14.Fish and Wildlife Management 15.Forest and Vegetative Management 16.Wetlands and Riparian Areas 17.Air Quality 18.Visual Quality 19.Transportation
20.Education and Outreach 21.Product Re-use 10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
21
OUTLOOK
Overall Economy
10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
22
OUTLOOK
Overall Economy
10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
23
OUTLOOK
Ski Resort Health
10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
24
OUTLOOK
Recreational Ropeway Potential Investment
Capital Expenditure 2004-2011 - $437,700,000 Seven Year Average - $62,500,000 Annual Required VTFH Replacement - 200,000 Average Cost per VTFH - $1,050 Required Investment – $210,000,000 Total Potential Resort Investment - $3,000,000,000 10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
25
OUTLOOK
Ropeway APM Potential Investment
One Airport System since 2005 – Mexico City by DCC Six Airport Systems – 2000 through 2005 City Center Las Vegas – 10,000 passengers per day Oerias Lisbon – 1000 passengers per day Perugia Italy – 30,000 passengers per day Venice – Transit Link Mexico City City Center Venice Lisbon Perugia 10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
26
OUTLOOK
Ropeway APM Potential Investment
Doha Caracas 10/27/2011 Oakland Jim Fletcher, P.E.
27
CONCLUSIONS
Ropeways Have Provided the Safest Means of Public Transport for the last 50 years.
Last 50 Years – 18,000,000,000 Passengers Annual Ropeway Transport – 500,000,000 Resort Market Investment - $250,000,000
www.engineeringspecialtiesgroup.com
10/27/2011 Jim Fletcher, P.E.
28