Connective Tissue
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Transcript Connective Tissue
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Chpt 1 Test- pg #30
Microscope Lab #1 –pg 38
Epithelial Tissue Matching- Pg 40
Case Vignette: Brutus – Pg 41
Simple Epithelial Micro Lab- Pg 42
Stratified Epithelial Micro Lab – pg 43
Notebook Check-pg 44
Label pg 45 “Epithelial Tissue Quiz”
• NO LOOSE PAPERS!!!!!!
Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes
on pg. 47
Topic: Ch. 5 Connective Tissue
Essential Question:
Describe the general
characteristics and
functions of Connective
tissue. Make a tree map of
the three major cell types
(on top of pg 46)
Don’t forget to add it to your
T.O.Contents!
Ch.Ions,
5 Connective Tissue
2.1 Atoms,
and Molecules
Describe the general characteristics and
functions of Connective tissue. Make a
tree map of the three major cell types
Connective Tissues: Comprise much of the
body and are the most abundant type of tissue
Bind structures
provide support and protection
fill spaces
store fat
produce blood cells
protect against infection
help repair tissue damage
* Farther apart than epithelial tissue
• C.T. has an extracellular matrix between tissue
cells. This matrix consists of fibers and a ground
substance whose consistency varies from fluid to
semisolid to solid
• Can usually divide and in most cases have a good
blood supply and are well nourished
• Bone/cartilage- rigid
• Loose C.T. such as areolar, adipose, and dense C.T.flexible
Connective Tissue: Major Cell Types
• The fibroblast is the most common
kind of fixed cell in CT.
– Produce fibers by secreting protein.
Stay in C.T. for extended periods of
time
Macrophages originate as white
blood cells. Usually attached to
fibers, can detach and move.
Scavenger cells.
Mast cells are large and widely
distributed. Located near blood
vessels.
Release heparin to prevent blood
clotting and histamine to promote
reactions to asthma and hay fever.
5.1 Clinical Application Questions
• What did scientists find when they looked
beyond the collagens in the matrix?
• What is the basement membrane composed of?
• What happens if the balance of the components
of the ECM are off?
• Name and explain one of the three diseases
that can result.
Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes
on pg. 49
Topic: Ch. 5 Connective Tissue
Essential Question:
1. Differentiate between
loose connective tissue
and dense tissue.
2. Distinguish between
reticular and elastic
connective tissue.
Don’t forget to add it to your
T.O.Contents!
Ch. 5 Categories
of Connective
2.1 Atoms,
Ions,
and Molecules Tissue
1. Differentiate between loose connective
tissue and dense tissue.
2. Distinguish between reticular and
elastic connective tissue.
Connective Tissue: Fibers
1. Collagenous fibers are thick strands
of collagen, which is the major
structural protein of the body.
Appear white.
flexible, can resist force
Ex: ligaments and tendons
2. Elastic fibers are bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin (a
protein). Appear yellow. Can be stretched and deformed and
will resume their shape
Weaker than collagenous fibers but more elastic.
Found in vocal cords and air passages. (Where elasticity is
needed).
Categories of Connective Tissue
• Loose connective tissue (areolar) forms delicate,
thin membranes throughout the body.
Cells are mainly widely scattered fibroblasts
separated by a gel-like ground substance that contains
many collagenous and elastic fibers.
Binds skin to underlying organs and fills spaces between
muscles. Also beneath epithelium.
Figure 05.18
Figure 05.18a
Loose (areolar) Connective Tissue
• Adipose (fat) tissue Certain cells within CT store fat
within their cytoplasm.
Cushions joints and some organs. Insulates beneath the
skin.
Lies beneath the skin, between muscles, around the
kidneys, in the abdomen, and around the heart.
Figure 05.19
Figure 05.19a
Adipose (fat) Connective Tissue
• Reticular CT is composed of thin, collagenous fibers.
Supports the walls of the liver, spleen, and lymphatic
organs.
Figure 05.20
Figure 05.20b
Figure 05.20a
Reticular Connective Tissue
• Dense CT consists of closely packed, thick,
collagenous fibers that can withstand pulling forces.
Blood supply poor
Make up Tendons and ligaments
Figure 05.21
Dense Connective Tissue
• Elastic CT consists mainly of yellow, elastic fibers.
Found in attachments between vertebrae and within the
walls of the heart, larger arteries, and the larger airways.
Figure 05.22
Figure 05.22b
Elastic Connective Tissue
• Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue. Largely composed
of collagenous fibers in a gel-like ground substance.
Support, frameworks, attachments, protects underlying
tissue, forms structural models for many developing
bones.
Cartilage cells (chondrocytes) occupy chambers called
lucunae.
Cartilage lacks a direct blood supply.
Connective Tissue
Categories
• Hyaline cartilage is the most common type of cartilage.
Ends of bones, in the nose, and in respiratory passages.
An embryo’s skeleton begin as hyaline cartilage “models”
that bone replaces.
Connective Tissue
Categories
• Elastic cartilage is very flexible. Contains many elastic
fibers.
Ears and parts of the larynx.
Connective Tissue
Categories
• Fibrocartilage is very tough. Contains many collagenous
fibers. Acts as a shock absorber.
Intervertebral disks.
Connective Tissue
Categories
•
Bone is the most rigid connective tissue. Hardness is
due to mineral salts (calcium phosphate and calcium
carbonate). Also contains a large amount of collagen
for toughness.
Bone supports, forms blood cells, and protects.
Bone matrix is deposited by osteocytes (bone cells), which
form concentric patterns called an osteon.
Connective Tissue
Categories
• Blood is composed of cells suspended in a fluid called
blood plasma.
Cells are red blood cells, white blood cells, and cellular
fragments called platelets.
RBCs transport gases. WBCs fight infection. Platelets are
involved in blood clotting.
Connective Tissues
General characteristics • most abundant tissue type
• many functions
• bind structures
• provide support and protection
• serve as frameworks
• fill spaces
• store fat
• produce blood cells
• protect against infections
• help repair tissue damage
• have a matrix
• have varying degrees of vascularity
• have cells that usually divide
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Connective Tissue
Major Cell Types
Fibroblasts
• fixed cell
• most common cell
• large, star-shaped
• produce fibers
Macrophages
• wandering cell
• phagocytic
• important in injury
or infection
Mast cells
• fixed cell
• release heparin
• release histamine
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Connective Tissue Fibers
Collagenous fibers
• thick
• composed of collagen
• great tensile strength
• abundant in dense CT
• hold structures together
• tendons, ligaments
Reticular fibers
• very thin collagenous fibers
• highly branched
• form supportive networks
Elastic fibers
• bundles of
microfibrils embedded
in elastin
• fibers branch
• elastic
• vocal cords, air
passages
40
Connective Tissues
Connective tissue proper
• loose connective tissue
• adipose tissue
• reticular connective tissue
• dense connective tissue
• elastic connective tissue
Specialized connective tissue
• cartilage
• bone
• blood
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Connective Tissues
Loose connective tissue
• mainly fibroblasts
• fluid to gel-like matrix
• collagenous fibers
• elastic fibers
• bind skin to structures
• beneath most epithelia
• blood vessels nourish
nearby epithelial cells
• between muscles
Adipose tissue
• adipocytes
• cushions
• insulates
• store fats
• beneath skin
• behind eyeballs
• around kidneys and heart
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Connective Tissues
Reticular connective tissue
• composed of reticular fibers
• supports internal organ
walls
• walls of liver, spleen,
lymphatic organs
Dense connective tissue
• packed collagenous fibers
• elastic fibers
• few fibroblasts
• bind body parts together
• tendons, ligaments, dermis
• poor blood supply
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Connective Tissues
Elastic connective tissue
• abundant in elastic fibers
• some collagenous fibers
• fibroblasts
• attachments between bones
• walls of large arteries, airways, heart
Bone (Osseous Tissue)
• solid matrix
• supports
• protects
• forms blood cells
• attachment for muscles
• skeleton
• osteocytes in lacunae
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Connective Tissues
Hyaline cartilage
Cartilage
• rigid matrix
• chondrocytes in lacunae
• poor blood supply
• three types
• hyaline
• elastic
• fibrocartilage
• most abundant
• ends of bones
• nose, respiratory passages
• embryonic skeleton
Elastic cartilage
• flexible
• external ear, larynx
Fibrocartilage
• very tough
• shock absorber
• intervertebral discs
• pads of knee and pelvic girdle
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Connective Tissues
Three types of cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
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Connective Tissues
Blood
• fluid matrix called plasma
• red blood cells
• white blood cells
• platelets
• transports
• defends
• involved in clotting
• throughout body in blood
vessels
• heart
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