Transcript Course

Immigration Literature Focus
Unit
Joscelyne Thompson
Spring 2010
EDU*315
Language Arts Methods
The story of immigration is inseparable from this country's history. Discover the
United States all over again as you introduce your students to the two major
waves of immigration that brought 34 million people to our nation's shores and
spurred the greatest period of national change and growth.
All Americans, with the exception of Native American, are descended from
immigrants. The greatest number of immigrants -- more than 34 million -- arrived
in the United States during the 100 years preceding 1924, when new legislation
closed the country's relatively wide-open door.
The first major wave of immigration after 1824 consisted primarily of northern
Europeans from Ireland, Great Britain, Germany, and Scandinavia. The second
wave of immigrants -- mainly from southern and eastern Europe -- arrived
between 1890 and 1924.
The story of those years and those immigrants is also the story of our country's
growth.
http://www.educationworld.com/a_lesson/lesson204.shtml
America was built by immigrants. From Plymouth Rock in the seventeenth century to
Ellis Island in the twentieth, people born elsewhere came to America. Some were
fleeing religious persecution and political turmoil. Most, however, came for
economic reasons and were part of extensive migratory systems that responded to
changing demands in labor markets. Their experience in the United States was as
diverse as their backgrounds and aspirations. Some became farmers and others
toiled in factories. Some settled permanently and others returned to their
homeland. Collectively, however, they contributed to the building of a nation by
providing a constant source of inexpensive labor, by settling rural regions and
industrial cities, and by bringing their unique forms of political and cultural
expression.
http://www.history.com/topics/immigration
Literature Selection
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The House on Mango Street by, Sandra Cisneros; 5th
grade level
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Hannah's Journal: The Story of an Immigrant Girl by
Marissa Moss
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General
Coming to America: The Story of Immigration by,
Betsy Maestro
Dreaming of America: An Ellis Island Story by, Eve
Bunting; 3rd-5th
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Russian
If Your Name Was Changed at Ellis Island by, Ellen
Levine; 1st-4th
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Russia
Where Did Your Family Come from? by Melvin and
Gilda Berger
The Keeping Quilt by, Patricia Polacco; 3rd-5th
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Russia
The Night Journey by Kathryn Lasky; 4th+
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Lithuania
Land of Hope by Joan Lowery Nixon
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Latino
Ireland
Was Dreaming to Come to America: Memories from
the Ellis Island Oral History Project by, Veronica
Lawlor
Letters from Rifka by Karen Hesse
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Immigrant Kids by, Russell Freedman; 3rd-5th
The Memory Coat by, Elvira Woodruff; 2nd-5th
My Diary from Here to There/Mi diario de aqui
hasta alla by, Amada Irma Perez
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My Chinatown: One Year in Poems by, Kam Mak
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Hong Kong
Tha Name Jar by, Yangsook Choi
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Mexico
Korea
Coming to America: A Muslim Family’s Story by,
Bernard Wolf
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Egypt
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A Picnic in October by, Eve Bunting
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Dia's Story Cloth by Dia Cha
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A Step from Heaven by An Na
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Hmong
Korean
Home of the Brave by Katherine Applegate
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Italy
Somali
A Very Important Day by Maggie Rugg Herold
The Orphan of Ellis Island by Elvira Woodruff
Journey to Ellis Island by Carol Bierman
Land of Dreams (Ellis Island Stories) by Joan Nixon
Lowery
Quotes regarding immigration
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"Everywhere immigrants have enriched and strengthened the fabric of American life. "
-- John F. Kennedy
"Unless the stream of these people can be turned away from their country to other countries, they
will soon outnumber us so that we will not be able to save our language or our government."
-- Benjamin Franklin
"Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
-- Emma Lazarus (inscribed on the Statue of Liberty)
...except for "all idiots, imbeciles, feeble-minded persons, epileptics, insane persons; persons who
have had one or more attacks of insanity at any time previously; persons of constitutional
psychopathic inferiority; persons with chronic alcoholism; paupers; professional beggars; vagrants;
persons afflicted with tuberculosis in any form or with a loathsome or dangerous contagious
disease; persons not comprehended within any of the foregoing excluded classes who are found to
be and are certified by the examining surgeon as being mentally or physically defective, such
physical defect being of a nature which may affect the ability of such alien to earn a living; persons
who have been convicted of or admit having committed a felony or other crime or misdemeanor
involving moral turpitude; polygamists, or persons who practice polygamy or believe in or advocate
the practice of polygamy; anarchists, or persons who believe in or advocate the overthrow by force
or violence of the Government of the United States."
-- The Immigration Act of 1917
Quotes (cont)
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“Then one bright morning, a cry went up from the front of the ship. It was just one word:
“L’America!” The word traveled through the crowd like something alive. It was whispered.
It was shouted. It was almost like a prayer.
“Come!” Marco called to the family from the railing. Everyone on the ship was rushing to
the right side of the boat. But the children slithered through the crowd to join their uncle.
“Look! It’s beautiful!”
…The harbor, full of big ships and small boats, sparkled in the sunlight. There were green,
bountiful farms n both sides of the Hudson River. And there, almost close enough to touch,
was the most wonderful thing of all: the Statue of Liberty.
…She looked serenely over the water, as if to say, “It’s all right. I’ll protect you now.” Her
crown shone in the sun, and her torch climbed to the sky. A hush fell over the crowd on
the ship. Many people cried, even grown men.
-Hitty’s Travels: Ellis Island
Days, by Ellen Weiss”
There were probably as many reasons for coming to America as there were people who
came. It was a highly individual decision. Yet it can be said that three large forces—religious
persecution, political oppression and economic hardship—provided the chief motives for
the mass migration to our shores. They were responding, in their own way, to the pledge of
the Declaration of Independence: the promise of "life, liberty and the pursuit of
happiness."
—John F. Kennedy, A Nation of Immigrants, 1964
Focus Books
Focus Book
• The House on Mango Street
– By, Sandra Cisneros
Read Aloud
• Hannah's Journal: The Story of an Immigrant
Girl
– By, Marissa Moss
Poems to incorporate
The New Colossus
By, Emma Lazarus
(found at the base of the Statue of Liberty)
Let America Be America Again
By, Langston Hughes
When We Left El Salvador.
By, René Colato Laínez
Wonders of the City
By, René Colato Laínez
Farewell to the Farm
by Robert Louis Stevenson
Immigration Bugaloo
by DeAnne Wiley
Theme Study
• Students will take part in a thematic unit
about immigration. This unit will integrate
reading and language arts with social studies,
mathematics, art, music, and physical
education.
• Students will gain understanding of the
reasons people immigrated to America, how
they immigrated, how immigration affected
America, and tolerance of people.
Unit goals
• Students will be able to identify reasons why many
immigrants left their homelands to come to America.
• Students will be able to draw conclusions about the
immigrant experience and to identify local immigration
patterns.
• Students will come to a deeper understanding of the
immigrant experience.
• Students will discuss present day immigration issues
and pose solutions for the issues.
• Students will be more tolerant of the people around
them that may appear as different than them.
How to introduce the unit
• Break the class into groups of 4. Each group is then given the same
craft-like materials: ex. glue sticks, popsicle sticks, plastic cups,
index cards, staplers, tape, string, construction paper, foil, stickers,
etc. Really, anything could be used as long as each group has the
same size, shape, color, and number of objects.
The task:Each group is given about 20 min. to create a "creature".
They may use any of the materials provided. The catch is, they are
absolutely forbidden to speak to one another in words or writing.
Gestures and facial expressions are okay, but no other
communication.
• When time's up, each group is given time to display their version of
a "creature" and explain the pros and cons of working in a group
that couldn't communicate in words or written responses.
http://www.proteacher.org/a/134129_ideas_for_immigration.html
Language Arts: Reading Activities
• Students will read various books about immigration,
fiction and non-fiction, as well as poetry through
partner reading, small group reading, silent reading,
group reading, reading aloud, and reader’s theater.
• Students will read poetry they create about
immigration and America.
• Students will share their journals with their peers.
• Students will share their pen pal letters with their
peers.
• Teacher will read aloud from Hannah's Journal: The
Story of an Immigrant Girl by Marissa Moss, The Night
Journey by Kathryn Lasky, as well as other books about
immigrants.
Language Arts: Writing Activities
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Students write a letter to an imaginary “pen pal.” The students should include
details about what life is like in America because this letter is to be created for a
child who would be immigrating to America and be nervous about the move.
Students will write and illustrate what they would take with them if they had to
immigrate to another country and limit either the number of items or the amount
of space they can take up.
Students will create a journal from the perspective of an immigrant child. The
journal needs to include: What country they are leaving; why they are leaving their
homeland; who they are travelling with on their journey; who they left behind;
what they brought with them; what they think their life will be like in America.
Students will create a free verse poem either about immigration or about America.
Students will research information about immigration in which they will complete
a written report about what they learn.
Students will create and present a Reader's Theater based on The Keeping Quilt by
Patricia Polacco.
Students will create a journal entry about why it is important to understand other
people’s cultural heritage.
Language Arts: Speaking Activities
• The House on Mango Street Reader's Theater
• Presentations regarding family history and group
research project regarding immigration
• Grand conversations about immigration
• The students will use the author’s chair to present their
poems and stories.
• Students will participate in a small group discussion
about The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros
• Students will take part in peer conferences for their
letters, poems, and stories.
Language Arts: Listening Activities
• Students will listen to audio versions of immigration literature.
• Students will listen as the teacher discusses immigration and
how/why it occurs. They will listen as the teacher shares
information about how immigration has affected North Dakota.
• Students will listen respectfully to their peers as they share their
narrative story regarding what they would bring if they had to
immigrate to another place, poems, journal entries, and personal
history.
• Students will listen to their peers opinions during grand
conversations.
• Students will listen to music and videos about immigration.
• Students will listen respectfully to guests that come into the
classroom to discuss immigration through their personal
experiences as a child and/or adult.
Language Arts: Viewing Activities
• Students will view pictures of people who have
immigrated as well as the Statue of Liberty.
• Students will view movies about the Statue of Liberty
and immigration (see technology ideas).
• Students will view illustrations what they would bring
as well as collages of the Statue of Liberty created by
their peers.
• Students will view the Reader’s Theater performances
• Students will view the immigration word wall
• Students will view various websites regarding
immigration (see technology ideas).
Language Arts: Visually Representing
Activities
• Students will create illustrations of the process of
immigration and what they would bring with
them.
• Students will create a collage of magazine cutouts
that represent America in the shape of the Statue
of Liberty.
• Students will display their poems in an artistic
presentation.
• Students will create an Immigration Word Wall.
Science Activities
• Students will investigate how immigration
affected the land through discussion and
research.
• Students will research the weather patterns and
climates of countries in which it was common for
people to immigrate to North Dakota from, such
as Germany, Russia, Norway, Yugoslavia, England,
and Sweden. Students will then create a
hypothesis as to why many people chose North
Dakota.
Mathematics
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Students will research information regarding the number of immigrants that
entered the country between 1899-1924 (other students could be given other
ranges of years so as to create a comparison). Students will then create graphs
based on the information that they have found.
Also, there is a related activity that is found on
http://www.educationworld.com/a_lesson/TM/l204_immigmath.shtml in which
the students are given a worksheet with questions that must be answered based
on a chart they are given. They then must create a graph out of five countries of
interest.
Students bring in family recipes that have been passed down through the
generations. Adding fractions and forms of measurement using the amounts given
in the recipes are the major concepts covered. Students will then convert their
recipe so that it could serve 50 people, 100 people, and 500 people. Students then
bring in the actual foods made from the recipes at the end of the unit as a "Family
Reunion".
Graphing can be used in many areas of this unit. Countries, dates of entry, and
family members that immigrated can all be graphed as well as many others. They
can then create a presentation on the information gathered. Students use
spreadsheets to create graphs and PowerPoint to present their findings.
Social Studies
• Read the book Where Did Your Family Come from? by Melvin and Gilda
Berger
• Create a chart with the following categories to discuss with students:
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Name and country they came from
Why they came to America
How they came to America
Hardships/problems they faced coming to America
Things they learned to do/overcome
• Students pick a character to write a journal entry as. (Language Arts)
• Students will research their family history and where their relatives have
come from. They will need to report on where they came from, what
reasons their family came (if known), how they came to America, and any
other information they find important. Students will then create a
presentation and report regarding what they have learned.
– A large world map will be hung in the classroom. Each student will be given at
least one piece of string to which they will attach it to where their family came
from and where they came to in America.
Social Studies (cont)
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Set up an immigration simulation in the room to be somewhat like Ellis Island. Each student is given
a role like: eye exam doctor, general doctor, hospital building nurse, security officer, ticket master,
interrogator (Asks questions such as how much money do you have? Where will you live? Are you
planning on overthrowing the gov't? Do you already have a job lined up? Can you read/write, etc.),
immigrants from various countries, and interpreters who speak one or more languages. Each
student is given a card that explains his/her role and their particular situation.
For instance:
*An immigrant may have to walk with a limp while walking up the main staircase. The examiner at
the top of the stairs will consider the person lame, and not permit him/her into the country.
Instead, he/she will have to go the hospital building until it is decided if he/she can remain in the
country or be sent back.
*A doctor may be given a card that says he/she must only allow three immigrants to pass. Each
immigrant will have a black piece of construction paper pinned to his/her back. The doctors will
mark with chalk a code that indicates if the immigrant has any ailments such as back trouble, eye
problems, mental illness, etc.
*An immigrant may have a card that says he/she cannot find any interpreters who speak his/her
language. Therefore, that immigrant is to get very, very angry. Security has to be called, and the
person is considered to have a mental illness. Of course, this gets the immigrant sent home.
At the end the kids will reflect on their feelings during the experience. Some may be disappointed
they were by not being permitted into the country; others will say how frustrating it was that they
couldn't find anyone who spoke their language; others will end up saying how happy they were to
make it through the whole process.
http://www.proteacher.org/a/134129_ideas_for_immigration.html
Social Studies (cont)
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Discuss the importance and history of the Statue of Liberty. First, discuss the
history of the Statue of Liberty. (To begin, it was given by the people of France to
the people of the United States over one hundred years ago in recognition of the
friendship established during the American Revolution, there is much more detail
in which the students would learn. A great website for all this information is
http://www.statueofliberty.org/Statue_History.html )
Then, have a large picture of the Statue of Liberty available for the students to
view. They would then brainstorm and discuss if there is possibly symbolism in
how the statue was designed and built and then point at different parts to see if
the students can determine the reason. Some of the symbolisms of the Statue of
Liberty:
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The torch- enlightening the way to freedom
The robe- law and order
25 windows in her hat- the number of seas and continents in the world
Tablet that she holds- American declaring its independence from Britain
Broken shackles on her feet- freedom from tyranny
Upraised right foot- leading the way to freedom
Rays on hat- heaven’s rays shining down on the world
Music and Art Activities
• Students will create illustrations of what they would
bring with if they had to immigrate to another country.
• Students will prepare an artistic presentation of their
poetry.
• Students will create a collage of America by cutting the
shape of the Statue of Liberty and then using magazine
cut outs to create the look of the statue. They will also
create a background for their Statue of Liberty collage.
• Students will listen and learn the lyrics to various songs
about immigration (see songs to incorporate).
• Students will create new lyrics to a traditional song
about America, such as “America the Beautiful.”
Songs to Incorporate
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“America” by Neil Diamond
“America” by Simon & Garfunkel
“Wavin' Flag” by K'naan
Multiple Artists:
– “This Land is Your Land”
– “Star Spangled Banner”
– “America the Beautiful”
• “Immigration Island” by Tim Sparling and Allen
Werneken
• “Lady off the Shore” by Michael Rychlik and Andy Davis
• “Playing for Change” videos and songs as they show
people around the world singing different songs about
peace
Physical Education Activities
(see following slide for directions)
• Students will learn multi cultural games such as:
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1,2,3 Dragon (China)
Kameshi Ne Mpuku (Congo)
King or Queen of the Jewels (Europe)
Soccer (much more popular in other areas of the world)
• Students will learn popular dances from other areas of the world,
such as:
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The Reel (Scotland/England/Ireland)
Tinikling (Asian countries)
Chinese Ribbon Dance (China)
d'hammerschmiedsgselin (Germany)
There are many other dances that are culturally specific, such as
different styles of dances performed in the Hawiian Islands, the Hora
in Israel, and even some that were truly developed in America. The
video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hd60_VA88-M gives several
examples of different dances while also showing how they are done.
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Directions for Physical Educations
Activities
1,2,3 Dragon (China)
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Kameshi Ne Mpuku (Congo)
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Students form a line and hold onto the shoulders or waist of the person in front of them.
The person at the front of the line is the head, and the person at the back of the line is the tail.
The teacher instructs the group to start jogging.
When the head calls, “1, 2, 3 Dragon!” the head begins to chase the tail to try and tag it.
If the tail gets tagged, the head goes to end of the line and becomes the tail. A new player becomes the head.
If the line breaks, the dragon “dies” and a new head must be chosen.
Players are chosen to be the cat and the rat.
The remainder of the class will be placed into four rows, holding hands, and standing parallel to each other.
The object of the game is for the cat to tag the rat. The rat tries to avoid the cat.
The other children act as the barriers for the cat and the rat to run between.
The catch is that the teacher or the cat can call “mpuke ekali” which means “let the rat stop.&rdqup; This call signals the children
to drop hands with the people in their lines. All students turn a quarter turn to the left, so that they are all in new lines now (the
lines just changed from horizontal to vertical). Students should quickly hold hands with the new people next to them.
Now that the line direction has changed, the rat may be easier or harder to catch.
The game ends when the rat is caught or the teacher calls time.
The cats and rats should then change places with two students in the lines.
King or Queen of the Jewels (Europe)
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Set up four hula hoops (or make four circles with chalk) in each corner of the activity area. Put one bean bag (or whatever you
choose to use) in the center of the hoop. This is the jewel.
Choose one student to be either the king or queen of each of the hula hoops. Their job is to protect or guard the “jewel” inside
the hoop.
The king or queen guards the jewel by standing outside of the hoop.
The rest of the students are thieves. They move around the hoops and try to steal the jewels.
The king or queen should tag any thief who tries to steal from them. If a thief is tagged before he or she steps inside of the hoop,
they are out. You can also choose to just have the player continue.
If a thief makes it safely into the hoop without being tagged, they are the new king or queen. They will trade places and jobs with
the old king or queen.
Depending on the number of students playing, you may need to add or subtract the number of kings and queens.
Websites for dance instructions
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The Irish Reel is very similar to the popular “Riverdance.” On YouTube, there are
some examples such as on http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e58jAqXq8PY,
also the website
http://www.learntodance.com/online%20irish%20dancing%20lesson.htm gives
some instructions on performing this dance.
There are many videos on YouTube if you simply search “Tinikling.” However,
http://learn.sdstate.edu/melissa_mork/sctinikling.htm is a wonderful site that
gives great descriptions and teaches how to perform this dance.
Again, YouTube has several examples of Chinese Ribbon Dancing such as the link
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-GADdbtCb8, also the website,
http://www.ehow.com/how_2125423_perform-ribbondance.html?ref=Track2&utm_source=ask, offers instruction for performing the
ribbon dance.
In regards to the d'hammerschmiedsgselin, the website,
http://learn.sdstate.edu/melissa_mork/German.html, gives instruction while
both http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9k6elrj2NZQ and
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kuyqF_VZYOs show videos of people doing
the dance.
Technology for Student Use
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http://www.npg.org/facts/us_imm_decade.htm
http://www.urban.org/Publications/305184.html (might be a little tough for some
students)
http://www.history.com/topics/about-ellis-island
http://www.ellisisland.org/photoalbums/ellis_island_then.asp
http://students.umf.maine.edu/yestrajm/public.www/Immigration%20Website/w
hatisimmigration.html
http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigration/tour/index.htm
http://www.ohranger.com/ellis-island/destined-fame
http://web.archive.org/web/20070406212547/http://www.ailf.org/notable/famou
s.htm
http://immigrationupdate.wordpress.com/famous-american-immigrants/
http://history.wisc.edu/archdeacon/404tja/batv3.html
http://www.endex.com/gf/buildings/liberty/liberty.html
http://www.thirteen.org/tenement/index.html
http://www.nps.gov/stli/photosmultimedia/virtualtour.htm
Language Arts Strategies
• Activating background knowledge: students will think about what
they already know about immigration
• Brainstorming: students will think of many ideas related to
immigration through writing and group discussion activities
• Connecting: students will relate to the world around them by
journaling, interviewing, and researching about immigration
• Predicting and Monitoring: students will predict the reasons why
people immigrated to America and monitor their predictions as
they research and gain knowledge
• Playing with language: students will use language creatively through
stories, poems, and journals
• Revising: students will make changes to their written activities
• Visualizing: students will draw pictures in their minds as different
stories are read and their knowledge base grows
Language Arts Skills
• Print: students will recognize words on their
Immigration Word Wall
• Comprehension: students will recognize literary
genres of fiction, non-fiction, and poetry.
Students will compare and contrast immigration
patterns and common reasons for immigration.
• Language: students will apply various skills in
their writing activities: stories, poems, song lyrics,
and journal entries.
• References: students will create graphs, Venn
diagrams, and research immigration
Grouping Patterns
• Large group: grand conversations, interviews, field trips (if a
multicultural center is in the area), physical education
activities, viewing videos, singing songs, word wall,
Reader’s Theater, Venn diagram, predictions, listening to
presentations
• Small group: peer conferences, small group discussions,
creating song lyrics, creating a Reader’s Theater,
researching immigration, researching countries that were
commonly immigrated from to this area, math research and
graphing
• Individual: writing stories, poems, letters, journal entries,
researching family history, creating illustrations and art
work
End of Unit Celebration
• Students will get to celebrate the end of the unit with a
popcorn party and a MultiCultural Family Night!
• The film An American Tail (1986) will be shown during the
popcorn party to wrap up the unit.
• Also, the class will hold a Multicultural Family Night to
celebrate what the students have learned and share the
information with their families.
– During this time, traditional foods will be brought in by the
students to share.
– Any local dance groups can be brought in to perform their style,
such as square dancers, polka dancers, etc.
– This will also be a time in which the students will be able to
share their writings, art, and presentations with their families.
Monday
Morning
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Grand conversation Listening center and •Writer's Workshop: •Writer's Workshop: •Create lyrics for a
silent reading:
Write a poem about Immigration story
song about America
•Read aloud:
Hannah's Journal
immigration stories immigration or
peer confrences
•Author's chair: share
immigration stories
•Teacher provides
•Writer's workshop: America
•Reader's Theater:
write a story~ What I •Students will write The House on Mango
Language Arts information on
immigration
Would Take with Me letters to a pen pal Street
•Partner reading of •View videos
•Guided reading:
immigration
The Keeping Quilt
literature
•View photographs of •Listen to songs
•View photos of
•Create Statue of
•Artists gallery: view
people from other
about immigration Ennis Island
Liberty collage
poem, collages, and
areas of the world
and the Statue of
illustrations
•Create an artistic
Liberty
background for poem
•Perform
Art/Music
immigration songs
and sing new lyrics
Physical
Education
Math
Science
Afternoon
Social Studies
Play 1,2,3 Dragon
Play Kameshi Ne
Mpuku
Graphing worksheet Reseach and graph
immigration
information from
other countries
Students will
research how
immigration affected
land
•Read Where Did
Your Family Come
From
•Create a
brainstorming chart
about immigration
Play King or Queen
Learn folk dances
of the Jewels
Research number of
immigrants between
1899-1924 and
create a graph
Students will
Students will
research how
research weather
immigration affected patterns of other
land
countries
•Teacher discusses •Discuss the
what it was like to go importance, history,
through Ennis Island and symbolism of
•Students take part in the Statue of Liberty
simulation
•Students will begin
working on their
Students bring in
family recipes and
convert for larger
groups
Continue folk dances
Begin watching An
American Tail
Students will present
what they have found Watch An American
regarding weather
Tail
and land
•Students will present •Finish watching An
their family history American Tail
projects to the class •Finish family history
presentations
Assessments
• Journal entries and KWL chart
• Participation in grand conversations
• Analytical Writing Traits Rubrics and peer conferences for stories
and poems
• Informal observation of author’s chair, Reader’s Theater, small
group involvement
• Math graphs, Social Studies activities
• Spelling test using the Word Wall
• Active participation in music and physical education activities
• Portfolio of completed art work
• Completion of work assigned
• Portfolio of projects and the rubrics that are specific to each
project.