Genetic Technology
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Transcript Genetic Technology
BELL RINGER 10-6-14
1.
How many chromosomes are contained in a human male gamete
cell?
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
The genetic disorder trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is caused by
what genetic event?
a.
b.
c.
d.
3.
11
23
34
46
crossing-over
Nondisjunction
Base pair substitution
Frame-shift location
The gene for red/green colorblindness in humans is recessive and
primarily affects males. It must be located on
a.
b.
c.
d.
The X chromosome
The Y chromosome
Both the X and Y chromosome
Either the X or the Y chromosome
THIS WEEK…
Monday – Finish presentations if needed, Quiz over
Genetic Disorder Presentations, DNA Technology Notes
Tuesday – DNA Technology Webquest in the computer
lab (521)
Wednesday – GATTACA
Thursday – Finish GATTACA if needed, Genetic
Technology articles
Friday – ABC Book Self Evaluation (daily grade),
Introduction to Evolution and Organisms Unit – “Great
Transformations” video
STANDARD
SB2. Students will analyze how biological traits
are passed on to successive generations.
f. Examine the use of DNA technology in forensics,
medicine, and agriculture.
KEY IDEAS
What is genetic engineering?
How is genetic technology used in agriculture,
medicine, and forensics?
What concerns are there regarding genetic
engineering?
WHAT’S GENETIC ENGINEERING?
Genetic Engineering – the deliberate alteration of the
genetic material (DNA) of an organism
HOW IS IT DIFFERENT THAN SELECTIVE BREEDING?
Humans have been altering plants and animals for
1,000s of years through selective breeding.
Selective breeding - is the process by which
humans breed other animals and plants for particular
traits.
Genetic engineering involves changing the organisms
on the cellular level. For example, transferring genes
from one organism to another.
GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD
RECOMBINANT DNA
Recombinant DNA – DNA molecules that are
artificially created by combining DNA from different
sources
TRANSGENIC ORGANISMS
Organisms whose genetic characteristics have been
altered using the techniques of genetic engineering.
Examples
Plants modified to be disease or pest resistant
Manipulating genetics of lab animals to test on human diseases
Producing faster-growing livestock
GENE THERAPY
Gene therapy – an experimental technique that uses
genes to treat or prevent disease.
Some forms of gene therapy:
Inserting a normal gene to replace an abnormal one
Swapping an abnormal gene for a normal one
Repairing an abnormal gene
GENE THERAPY
GENE THERAPY AND CYSTIC FIBROSIS
It has not been perfected yet. There are benefits and
risks.
How does it work?
The defective gene is identified and is corrected with a normal
gene
A vector is used to get the normal gene into the cells in the
lungs
The healthy, normal gene inserts itself randomly in the DNA
of the individual with cystic fibrosis
This random insertion can be helpful as well as harmful
DNA FINGERPRINTING IN FORENSICS
DNA fingerprinting – a method
of isolating and making images
of sequences of DNA
Can be used to solve crime and
determine paternity.
Has its flaws
PROCESS OF DNA FINGERPRINTING
Step 1:
Step 2:
Cut the DNA into fragments
using restriction enzymes
Step 3:
Obtain a sample of DNA
(tissue, saliva, blood, hair, etc.)
Complete a gel electrophoresis
Step 4:
Analyze the results of
electrophoresis
DNA FINGERPRINTING
DNA FINGERPRINTING
Flaws
It’s only as good as the DNA
sample
Degraded samples
(overheated, frozen and
thawed repeatedly, old, etc)
Small samples
Samples collected postmortem
Identical twins (don’t they
have the same DNA?!)
USE OF GENETIC ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE
PROS
Disease and pest
resistant crops
Higher yield crops
Crops with a longer shelf
life
Faster growing livestock
Livestock with disease
resistance
CONS
Health concerns – is it safe to
consume modified organisms?
Possible effects on DNA of
humans who consume
genetically modified
organisms
What might happen if the
modified organisms escape
and mix with wild
populations.
Ethical implications of
manipulating genes in
animals.
VIDEOS
Salmon: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/harvest/
Bananas:
http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/international/2
011/03/24/ef.genetic.modification.bk.a.cnn?iref=vi
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