Transcript Slide 1

National Aerospace Initiative
Mr. Paul F. Piscopo
Special Assistant to the Director, Defense Research & Engineering
for the National Aerospace Initiative
NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE
-- What is NAI? -
NAI is a synergistic effort among DoD, NASA, and the Intelligence
Community that will help DoD achieve its goal of transforming the
military through rapid advancement in aerospace capabilities by:
– effectively merging air and space
– spurring innovation in critical high technology areas
– reinvigorating the U.S. aerospace industry

Through ground and flight demonstrations, NAI will:
– Achieve sustained hypersonic flight to Mach 12 by 2012 and beyond
– Achieve affordable and responsive space launch
– Accelerate advanced capabilities for on-orbit space systems
– Provide numerous potential “off-ramps” to nearer term applications
– Excite the high-technology science and engineering workforce for the future

NAI will enable capabilities never-before available to the warfighter:
– Long-range supersonic cruise missiles
– Hypersonic strike/interceptor missiles
– A family of long-range hypersonic strike/reconnaissance aircraft
– Air-breathing space access
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Commission on the Future of the
United States Aerospace Industry
Top-Level National Recommendations
 Transform the U.S. air transportation system to efficiently, safely, and
securely accommodate an evolving variety and growing number of civil
and military aerospace vehicles.
 Reform U.S./multilateral regulations and policies to enable the
movement of products and capital across international borders on a
fully competitive basis, and establish a level playing field for U.S.
industry in the global market place.
 Implement a new business model, driven by increased and sustained
government investment and the adoption of innovative
government/industry policies, designed to promote a healthy and
growing U.S. aerospace industry and stimulate the flow of capital.
 Establish a national aerospace policy and promote aerospace by
creating a government-wide management structure, including a White
House policy coordinating council, an aerospace management office in
OMB, and a joint committee in the Congress.
 Immediately reverse the decline in, and promote the growth of, a
scientifically and technologically trained U.S. aerospace workforce.
 Boldly pioneer new frontiers in aerospace technology, commerce,
and exploration.
“The breakdown of America’s intellectual and industrial capacity is a threat to
national security and our capability to continue as a world leader.”
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Commission on the Future of the
United States Aerospace Industry
NAI-Relevant Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations
 The Federal Government should significantly increase its investment in
basic aerospace research. The aerospace industry should take a leading
role in applying research to product development.
 An aggressive and sustained investment is needed in (the hypersonic
flight) arena, with the objective of overcoming the critical technical barriers
of high-speed flight and providing the demonstrations necessary to validate
the operational feasibility of hypersonic systems.
 The Commission supports the joint DoD and NASA National Aerospace
Initiative objective of achieving Mach 12 capability by 2012. This initiative
should begin as soon as possible.
 The NAI will develop/demonstrate a portfolio of critical technologies that
will enable the achievement of many common DoD and NASA goals.
The nation would benefit from a joint effort by NASA and DoD to
significantly reduce the cost and time required to access space.
The Administration and Congress should direct NASA and the DoD to
coordinate R&D efforts in areas of common need and provide the
appropriate funding for joint programs.
 The DoD, NASA, and Industry must partner in innovative aerospace
technologies, especially in the areas of propulsion and power.
“If the aerospace industry cannot attract and retain the best and the brightest, then
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the industry doesn’t have a future.”
NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE
-- A Transformational Technology --
 Transformation Attributes
Knowledge
Agility
Speed
Lethality
 DDR&E Transformation Technology Initiatives
– National Aerospace Initiative
– Surveillance and Knowledge Systems
– Energy and Power Technologies
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NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE
-- The Value of Speed -Space Access
Reconnaissance
Boost/Ascent
Anti-access
Theater of Operation
NPR
Long Range
Strike
Cruise
Cruise
Missile Defense
SEAD
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NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE
-- An International Perspective -
U.S. Government / Industry Aerospace Knowledge Base is Eroding

Foreign Experience / Expertise Growing
– Excellent Ground Test Facilities
– Long-Term Commitment for Aerospace Investment
– Examples of Hypersonic R&D
China – (TAD 2015) Hypersonic Aircraft Dev
France – 1999 Scramjet Ground Demo
Germany – 2002 Air Defense Flight Demo
India – 2002 Cruise Missile Flight Demo
Russia – 1991 Scramjet Flight Demo
Australia – 2002 Scramjet Flight Demo
Mach 5
Mach 6 – 7.5
Mach 6.5
Mach 2.0-3.0
Mach 6
Mach 7.6
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Potential Threat to Current U.S. Systems by End of Decade
– Strategic/Tactical Standoff Capability Threatened
– Aircraft Survivability Threatened
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NAI is Needed to Sustain American Aerospace Leadership
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NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE
-- Technology Challenges Being Addressed -
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High Speed Air Breathing Propulsion
High Speed Aerodynamics
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Structural Dynamics
Guidance, Navigation, and Control of High Speed Systems
High Temperature Materials
Thermal Protection Systems
Breakthrough Energy Sources (Energetic Materials/Propellants)
Health Monitoring and Vehicle Management Systems
Satellite Communications and Control (Swarm Behavior)
Passive Detection and Identification
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NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE
-- Technology Framework --
NAI
High Speed
Hypersonics
Space Access
Space
Technology
DoD/NASA
TCT/NPR
Expendable
(Missiles)
• Strategic Focus
• Technical Coordination
• Aerospace Workforce
Reusable
[Mach 0 - 12]
Reusable Launch Vehicle
Space
Commission
2nd Stage Rocket Engine
Responsive
Payloads
Mach<4
4<Mach<15
Long-Range
Strike
[Mach 0-7]
Air-Breathing
1st Stage (TSTO)
[Mach 0 - 12]
Space
Maneuvering
Vehicle
Synergy Goal: 1 + 1 + 1 > 3
Flexible
Comm
ISR
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Space Control
NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE
-- High Speed / Hypersonics History -NAI Goal: Mach Number per Year to 2012
25
Production
X-Vehicles
NAI
15
Mach Number
Hydrogen Scramjet
Mach 8-15
Hydrocarbon Scramjet
Mach 4-7
Ramjet
Mach 3-4
10
Strike Aircraft
High Speed Turbine
Mach 2-4
X-15
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Space Access
SR-71
XB-70
F-4
0
1960
Concorde
F-15
1970
Missiles
F-16
1980
F-117
B-2
1990
F-22
2000
2010
2020
NAI
Hypersonic Component
Technology Development and
Ground Demonstrations
Hypersonic System
Technology Development 10
and Flight Demonstrations
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT APPROACH
-- High Speed / Hypersonics -Expendable
Mach<4
“Short Life”
Flight Regimes
Mach 0-7
Mach 4-15
3
High Speed
Turbine
/Ramjet
Demonstrations
2 5
Rocket
Boost
Scramjet
“missile”
shape
Supersonic
Cruise
Missile
Mid Range
Weapon
-Strike
-Interceptor
Re-Usable
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Rocket Boost
Scramjet
Waverider or
Lifting Body
Long Range
Weapon
-Strike
-Interceptor
Mach 0-12
Building Block
Technologies
Building Block
Technologies
High-Speed
Turbine
High-Speed
Turbine
Thermal
Protection
Thermal
Protection
Hydrogen Fuel
Hydrocarbon
Scramjet
Aerodynamics
Capabilities
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Hydrocarbon
fueled
Turbinebased
Combine
Cycle w/
Waverider
Long Range
Strike
“Long Life”
Turbine-based
Combined
Cycle
Aerodynamics
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Hydrogenfueled
Turbine-based
Combine Cycle
w/Lifting Body
Responsive
Space11
Access
DARPA RASCAL PROGRAM
-- High Speed / Hypersonics -Once out of the
atmosphere, the rocket
separates from the aircraft
first stage
Ballistic coast out of
the atmosphere
after the zoom
maneuver
3rd stage rocket burn
Top stage burn provides
orbit insertion and trim
2nd stage rocket burn
Coast
Re-entry of spent
expendable 2nd stage
200 KFT
Supersonic
zoom
maneuver
Zoom
Aircraft follows a
ballistic path
back to the
atmosphere
100 KFT
Restart engine &
return to airfield 50 KFT
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NAI HIGH SPEED / HYPERSONICS
-- Engine Combinations / Capability Off-Ramps -Combined Cycle Engines (Accelerator)
- Hydrogen Powered Scramjets
L
R
C
Combined Cycle Engines (Cruise)
- Hydrocarbon / Hydrogen
Powered Scramjets
Access to Space
• Responsive/Flexible
• Mach 8-12
L
R
C
Hydrocarbon
Ram / Scramjets
Turbine
Engines
Rapid Strike / Recce Aircraft
• Rapid Global Response
• Mach 5-10
L
R
C
Hypersonic Interceptor
• Long-Range/100,000 ft Cruise
• Mach 10+
Fast Response Standoff Weapon
• Rapid Response
• Time-Critical Targets
• Mach 5-8
Aircraft & Missiles
• Today
• Mach 0-3
Near-Term
2002
Mid-Term
2008
Far-Term 13
2016
2025
NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE
-- Technology Framework --
NAI
High Speed
Hypersonics
Space Access
Space
Technology
DoD/NASA
TCT/NPR
Expendable
(Missiles)
• Strategic Focus
• Technical Coordination
• Aerospace Workforce
Reusable
[Mach 0 - 12]
Reusable Launch Vehicle
Space
Commission
2nd Stage Rocket Engine
Responsive
Payloads
Mach<4
4<Mach<15
Long-Range
Strike
[Mach 0-7]
Air-Breathing
1st Stage (TSTO)
[Mach 0 - 12]
Space
Maneuvering
Vehicle
Synergy Goal: 1 + 1 + 1 > 3
Flexible
Comm
ISR
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Space Control
NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE
-- Space Access -• Responsive Space Access
• Rapid Global Reach
Common System
Attributes
Rocket or Airbreather
2015
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
“Aircraft-Like” Ops
Reliable & Maintainable
Supportable & Operable
Responsive
Alert Capable
Rapid Turn Time
Autonomous Operations
Minimal ground crew
Low cost
Minimal facilities
CONUS launch / recover
Low operations cost
2025
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NAI SPACE ACCESS GOALS
-- Goals and System Payoffs/Requirements --
Phase III - 2025
Phase II - 2015
Phase I - 2009
BASELINE
• Sustained 7 Day Turn
• 250 Sortie Airframe
• 100 Sortie Propulsion &
Systems
• Marginal Sortie Cost $10M
• Reliable (1/1,000 loss rate)
• Weather Sensitive (Cat 1)
• Low Weight (DMF) – SOA
• 8% Payload Fraction
Shuttle,
DC-X, X-33, SLI
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sustained 1 Day Turn
500 Sortie Airframe
250 Sortie Propulsion & Systems
Marginal Sortie Cost $5M
Reliable (1/2,000 Sorties)
Weather Tolerant (Cat 2)
Reduced Weight (DMF) – 10%
16% Payload Fraction (2X)
Sustained 12 Hr Turn
1,000 Sortie Airframe
500 Sortie Propulsion & Systems
Marginal Sortie Cost $1M
Reliable (1/5,000 Sorties)
Most Weather (Cat 3)
Reduced Weight (DMF) – 15%
24% Payload Fraction (3X)
Mid Term
Near Term
2000
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•
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•
•
•
•
•
2008
Far Term
2016
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2025
NAI SPACE ACCESS
-- Technology & Development Roadmap -02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18 19
20
SLI
Space
Shuttle
Cargo Only
Commercial
NASA
IOC
IOC
Crew
National
Aerospace
Initiative
Operations
Propulsion
$6B+ Past Tech Investment
Maintainer
HC Boost
H2 Boost
IVHM
Field Repair/
Spares Distribution
Depot/Support
Infrastructure
Flight
Payloads Subsystems
New 2nd
Stage
MIS/CAV
Continuing S&T Advancement
SMV
Airframe
X-42
Flight Test
Follow On X-Vehicles
DOD
Operations
Y-Vehicle
Flight Test
IOC
FOC
System Acquisition
MNS
AOA
ORD
IOC
FOC 120 Day Study
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NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE
-- Technology Framework --
NAI
High Speed
Hypersonics
Space Access
Space
Technology
DoD/NASA
TCT/NPR
Expendable
(Missiles)
• Strategic Focus
• Technical Coordination
• Aerospace Workforce
Reusable
[Mach 0 - 12]
Reusable Launch Vehicle
Space
Commission
2nd Stage Rocket Engine
Responsive
Payloads
Mach<4
4<Mach<15
Long-Range
Strike
[Mach 0-7]
Air-Breathing
1st Stage (TSTO)
[Mach 0 - 12]
Space
Maneuvering
Vehicle
Synergy Goal: 1 + 1 + 1 > 3
Flexible
Comm
ISR
Space Control
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NAI SPACE TECHNOLOGY GOALS
-- Responsive Payload Emphasis -• Ground-to-Air Laser Comm
• Direct Theater Downlink and Uplink
• Programmable TT&C
• Air-to-Air Laser Comm
• Air-to-Space Laser Comm
• Space-to-Space Laser Comm
• Space-to-Ground High Datarate RF
• Programmable Multi-Band Sat Comm
• High bandwidth
end-to-end
• Airborne ISR
• National Assets
• Fused Collections
• Large Inflatable
Antenna (30m)
• Bistatic Engagement
• Joint Hyperspectral Capability
• Real-Time ISR Fusion
• Large Inflatable
Antenna (100m)
• Realtime Engagement
• Autonomous and Proximity Ops
• Predictive Space Situational Awareness
• Rapid On-Orbit Checkout
• Rapid Payload Processing
• High Altitude Airship
• Realtime Space Control Ops
• Space Protection Testbad
• Electric Laser in Space
• Rapid Reconstitution of Space Capabilities
• High ISP Microsat
• Prompt Global
Strike
Near Term
2000
Mid Term
2008
Far Term
2016
2025
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NAI SPACE TECHNOLOGY GOALS
-- Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance -MEO SBR
Transformation:
Persistent, Global ISR
for the Warfighter
MEO HSI
LEO SBR
Near Term (FY03 – FY06)
• Airborne ISR
• National Assets
• Fused Collections
Mid-Term (FY07 – FY10)
• Space ISR Experiments
• Real Time Fusion
• Space-Air Bistatic
Engagement
Far-Term (FY11 – FY20)
• Space ISR Constellation
• Real Time Engagement
• Multi-INT Experiments
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U.S. and Worldwide
Research Base Since WWII
100
90
Estimated
80
Projected
Total
70
E.U. and Japan
60
50
40
U.S. Commercial
30
20
U.S. Gov. – DoD
10
0
1955
DoD
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Year
Source: Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on the Technology
Capabilities of Non-DoD Providers; June 2000; Data provided by the Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development & National Science Foundation
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NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE
-- Conclusion -• Advancing U.S. Aerospace Capabilities is Critical for
National Security, Civil, and Commercial Sectors
• Space Architecture Options Would Increase if Access
to Space was Responsive, Flexible, and Affordable
• Leap-Ahead Technologies are Developed for High
Speed Strike, Space Access, and Space Missions
– Emphasis on Rapidly Advancing Technology, Flight
Tests, and Technology Demonstrations
– Stair Step Approach Provides “Off-Ramps” for
Fielding Systems
• NAI is an Integrated, National Approach to Sustain
American Leadership in Aerospace
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