Transcript Heat Related Illness

Respiratory Protection
What we will cover today:
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When to use respirators
What protection do respirators provide
Types of respirators
Who needs a Respiratory Safety
Program?
• Written respiratory program elements.
Hazardous Air Environment
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How to control atmospheric hazards?
Engineer
Containment
Substitution
Personal Protection EquipmentRespirators.
Respirators
• OSHA considers the use of respirators to
be the least satisfactory approach to
control exposures because:
– Respiratory Protection program is expensive
– Respirators must fit correctly
– Respirators are uncomfortable to wear
– Respirators impede communication and
movement
– Only protect person wearing the respirator.
When to use a Respirator?
• When it is not possible to engineer the
hazard out with the use of:
Ventilation
Containment
Substituting less toxic materials
• Respirators must be worn by employees
working in a hazardous atmospheric
environment.
When to use Respirators?
• Hazards produce atmospheric conditions
exceeding Permissible Exposure Limits
(PEL)-Set by OSHA
• Oxygen deficient atmospheres
(<16% oxygen up to 3000 ft. altitude)
• Immediate Danger to Life and Health
(IDLH)
What is “IDLH”?
Immediately Dangerous to Life
and Health
•Most chemicals have a listed
IDLH level on the NIOSH website
•Oxygen deficiency is also IDLH
•IDLH conditions can occur in
confined or enclosed spaces,
large chemical spills or leaks and
fires
What do respirators do?
• Protect workers from inhaling harmful
substances such as:
– Airborne vapors (Solvents)
– Gases (welding gases, Carbon Monoxide)
– Dusts (Solid particles from sanding, grinding,
cutting)
– Fumes (Plastic injection, Smelting)
– Smoke (produced by burning)
– Mists (Droplets of liquid, oils, paints)
– Biological Hazards (Bacteria, mold, viruses)
Types of Respirators
Air-purifying respirators – filters air through
cartridges or filtering face pieces (dust masks)
Powered air-purifying respirators – filters air
through cartridges with assistance of a blower.
Supplied air line respirators (SAR) – provides
unlimited clean air from a compressor.
Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) –
provides 30- 60 minutes of clean air from a tank.
Escape respirators – provides air for escape only
from a small bottle.
Air Purifying Respirators
• Have filters, cartridges, or canisters that
remove contaminants from the air by
passing the ambient air through the airpurifying element before it reaches the
user.
• These units have a service life -must be
changed according to manufacturer’s
recommendations.
Assigned Protection Factor (APF)
Each Air Purifying Respirator has:
• An APF which is a number that lets the user
know the percentage of contaminants which
will pass through the filter.
– Example: APF of 10 for a respirator means that a
user could expect to inhale no more than one tenth
of the airborne contaminant present (numbers vary
form 10-1000)
• Air Purifying Respirators also have a NIOSH
Filter Efficiency Level Designator.
NIOSH Filter Efficiency Levels
Class
Description
N95
Filters at least 95% of airborne particles. Not resistant to oil.
N99
Filters at least 99% of airborne particles. Not resistant to oil.
N100
Filters at least 99.97% of airborne particles. Not resistant to oil.
R95
Filters at least 95% of airborne particles. Somewhat resistant to
oil.
P95
Filters at least 95% of airborne particles. Strongly resistant to oil.
P99
Filters at least 99% of airborne particles. Strongly resistant to oil.
P100
Filters at least 99.97% of airborne particles. Strongly resistant to
oil.
Example: N 95
Hazard Protection
• Respirators can control different hazards
or a combination of hazards.
– Particulate Respirators
– Gas/vapor Respirators
– Combination gas/vapor/particulate
respirators.
• Depends on filtering medium-Check the
respirator manufacturer’s information
sheets enclosed with each respirator.
Air-purifying respirators
Quarter Mask
Half Mask
Full Facepiece
Dust mask
Powered-air Purifying Respirator
Atmosphere-supplying
Respirators
• Supply clean air directly to the user from
a source other than the air surrounding
the user.
- Compressor
- Compressed air tank
- “Pony Tank”
Supplied Airline Respirators
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
Escape Respirators
When do you need a Written program?
• Whenever the hazards requires
employees to wear respirators; when it
necessary to protect the health of
employees due to:
– Insufficient amounts of oxygen
– Exposed to harmful levels of gases or vapor
– Exposure to respiratory hazards like dusts,
mists, fumes, sprays, and other airborne
particles
– Any voluntary use of a non disposable fitted
respirator for nuisance hazards
Who doesn’t need a program?
• Hazard is below Permissible Exposure
Limits (PEL)
• Employer determines respirator does
not create a hazard
• Only voluntary use of a disposable dust
mask respirators exempts you from a
written program.
Voluntary User must:
• Read and follow manufacturer’s instructions
on:
- Use
- Maintenance
- Cleaning & Care
- Warning & limitations of respirators
• Choose correct respirators
• Do not use respirators in a manner they are
not intended to be used.
• Keep track of your respirator
When to use respirators?
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When it is not possible to reduce
hazards below Permissible Exposure
Levels (PEL) by:
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Engineer out hazard
Use ventilation
Confine the operations
Substitute less toxic material
Respirators Must Be Used
The Next Step
• We talked about:
- What respirators do
- When to use a respirator
- Types of respirators
- Who needs a written program
Next Step………
• Written Respiratory Protection Program
(sample program will be provided)
Written Respiratory Protection
Program
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Selection
Medical evaluation
Fit testing
Use
Maintenance and care
Breathing air quality and use
Training
Program evaluation
Respirator Selection
One of the most important task is
selecting the correct respirator for
the hazard.
Knowledge of chemical identity,
extent of use, levels in the air and
permissible limits is needed.
You must conduct a workplace
hazard assessment – air sampling
may be necessary.
Personal air sampler
Respirator Selection
Conditions
Type of Respirator
IDLH conditions or oxygen
deficiency
SCBA or respirator with escape
bottle
Dust/chemical levels up to 1000
times PEL
Respirator with full face piece or
hood
Dust/chemical levels up to 100 times Air-purifying respirator with full face
PEL
piece
Dust/chemical levels up to 50 times
PEL
Powered air purifying respirator with
half face piece
Dust/chemical levels up to 10 times
PEL
Air-purifying respirator with half face
piece
Respirator Selection Help
• www.osha.gov has an e-tool for
respirator selection
• MSDS- Has required PPE, including
types of respirators.
• Manufacturers of respirator website have
selection tools.
Medical Evaluation
• Must be done for all employees that wear
respirators. (prior to first use)
• Determine employee’s ability to wear the
respirator
• Questionnaire must be reviewed by
Physician or Other Licensed Health Care
Professional
• On-line service
Additional Medical Evaluation
• Annual review of medical status is not required
• At a minimum, employer must provide additional medical
evaluations if:
– Employee reports medical signs or symptoms related to the
ability to use a respirator
– PLHCP, supervisor, or program administrator informs the
employer that an employee needs to be reevaluated
– Information from the respirator program, including observations
made during fit testing and program evaluation, indicates a need
– Change occurs in workplace conditions that may substantially
increase the physiological burden on an employee
Fit Testing
Respirators Must Fit Properly
Fit-testing must be done before
first wearing a respirator.
Tight-fitting respirators must fit
properly to prevent leaks around
the edges.
Anything that prevents a snug
fit will disqualify employee from
wearing a fitted respirator.
Qualitative Fit Test (QLFT)
A pass/fail fit test to assess the
adequacy of respirator fit that relies on
the individual’s response to the test
agent.
• Must be done by Qualified Tester.
• Must be done every time respirator is
changed.
• Must be done annually
Fit Testing
Quantitative Fit Test (QNFT)
An assessment of the adequacy of respirator
fit by numerically measuring the amount of
leakage into the respirator.
Use of Respirator
• Employees wearing tight-fitting
respirators must perform a user seal
check each time they put on the
respirator
• Positive Pressure Check
• Negative Pressure Check
User Seal Check
• An action conducted by the respirator
user to determine if the respirator is
properly seated to the face.
Positive Pressure
Check
Negative Pressure
Check
Cleaning & Maintenance
• Respirators must be
cleaned, inspected and
maintained regularly.
• Respirator maintenance
and repair are essential
for proper functioning.
• Store in a clean, dry
place. Usually comes
with a bag to store in.
Training and Information
Employers must provide effective training
to employees who are required to use
respirators.
Program Evaluation
• Who must conduct evaluations of the
workplace to ensure effective
implementation of the program?
-By Management
- By User
• When:
As necessary; at least annually
Program Evaluation
• Must regularly consult employees required to
use respirators to assess their views on
program effectiveness and to identify and
correct any problems.
– factors to be assessed include, but are not
limited to:
• respirator fit (including effect on workplace
performance)
• appropriate selection
• proper use
• proper maintenance
Respiratory Program Responsibilities
• Management
– Specific applications for required use of
respiratory protection program
– Provide proper equipment
– Training
– Written program documentation
Respiratory Program Responsibilities
• Managers/Supervisors
– All employees are knowledgeable of the
program
– Compliance with the program including
inspection, maintenance, and cleaning
– Disciplinary procedures for employees that
don’t comply
Respiratory Program Responsibilities
• Employees
– Have an awareness of program
requirements as explained by management.
– For wearing proper respirator as supplied by
management.
– Maintaining equipment in a clean and
operational condition.
Respirator Essentials Summary…
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Proper Selection
Medical Evaluation
Proper Fit
Proper Use
Proper Care
Training
Written Respiratory Safety Program