Transcript Document
DOE-2 Overview and
Basic Concepts
Background
US public domain programs from 1970s
Post Office program; NECAP (NASA energycost analysis program); NBSLD (National
Bureau of Standards Load Determination)
Cal-ERDA (California + U.S. Energy Research &
Development Administration) program
Department of Energy (DOE) funding
First generation DOE-1.4 program (1978)
Later DOE-2.0A, 2.1A, B, C, D, E come out
Program description
http://gundog.lbl.gov/dirsoft/d2whatis.html
Background
Current versions
DOE-2.1E (official), DOE-2.2 & PowerDOE
Maintained by the Simulation Research Group
of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
(LBNL)
Funded by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
Several PC versions & interfaces, e.g.
ADM-DOE2, FTI-DOE, VisualDOE (at a cost)
eQUEST (freeware)
Background
In the past, mainly used by researchers
DOE-2 is powerful but very complicated
Require much input time & detail
Need efforts to learn & to master
In recent years, also used by building
designers & energy analysts
Consider as the reference program in USA
Becoming popular internationally (e.g. for
developing building energy codes)
Often used for performance-based energy
codes
Background
Based on transfer function theory &
weighting factor method; in FORTRAN
language
Program structure
Building description language (BDL) processor
Error diagnosis & calculate response factors
Simulation subprograms
LOADS – building loads
SYSTEMS – secondary HVAC system
PLANT – primary HVAC system
ECONOMICS – economic analysis
Main Features
Capabilities
Energy conservation studies
Building envelope design (materials, construction,
etc.)
Internal loads (occupant, lighting, equipment)
HVAC systems & plant
Building design studies
Daylighting & ventilation design
Energy & environmental systems
Such as cogeneration, desiccant cooling & ice thermal
storage
Economic & life cycle analysis
Main Features
Limitations
Cannot model electrical & lift systems
Certain constraints on some building systems
Inflexible FORTRAN structure
Sequential calculation method (L-S-P-E)
Not able to consider heat balance
Simulation Process
DOE-2 input file (BDL instructions)
Input files in ASCII text format
Commands, subcommands & keywords
Basic file structure:
LOADS section
SYSTEMS section
PLANT section
ECONOMICS section (optional)
Input 1
Input 2
DOE-2
Simulation
Engine
Output
Simulation Process
Run periods
Normally whole year (8,760 hours)
May run on shorter period (say, one month)
May carry out simulation for multiple years (if
the weather files are available)
Control of simulation process
Base case design
Design alternatives (done with interface
program)
Parametric runs & analysis (may be tailored
made)
Simulation Process
DOE-2 output reports
Standard reports
Hourly reports
Verification reports + Summary reports
For loads, systems, plant & economics
Very detailed; for checking by advanced users
Program-specific output
Summary graphs and tables
Customised reports
Errors & diagnostics
Simulation Process
DOE-2 output files & reports
Commonly read summary reports:
LS-A (Space Peak Loads Summary)
SS-A & SS-B (System Monthly Loads Summary)
PS-A (Plant Energy Utilization Sumary)
PS-B (Monthly Peak and Total Energy Use)
PS-E (Monthly Energy End Use Summary)
BEPS (Building Energy Performance Summary)
Design
Weather
Typical
Weather
Design Load
Calculations
Energy
Calculations
Peak Design
Loads
Equipment Sizes
and Plant Capacity
Building Energy
Consumption
Input Requirements
Input data
Site data
Building type, location, geometry, construction
Weather data: design weather, weather files
Building data
Surface areas, windows, zoning, room shapes
Building materials, mass, finishes, shades
Operating schedules & profiles
Internal loads, design conditions
Input Requirements
Input data (cont’d)
Building systems
Building plant and equipment
HVAC (air side) system type & performance
Lighting & electrical services
Performance of refrigeration, boiler & other plants
Data for economic analysis
Electricity tariffs/rates, fuel prices
Equipment costs, interest rates
Input Requirements
Model zoning (thermal, not geometric)
Should consider thermal loads (e.g. interiorperimeter), occupancy, lighting type and
schedule
For existing buildings, refer to actual zoning
Need to simplify the model
Combine zones with similar load and usage
Intermediate typical floors are modelled as one floor
Combine HVAC systems
Sometimes, use ONE zone to quickly calculate the
load
Combine several rooms into one zone
Input Requirements
General rules for zoning
One exterior zone per major orientation (4-5
m deep)
One internal zone per use schedule
One plenum zone (if plenum returns) for each
air handler
One zone each for special uses
Separate ground and top floor zones