New Ch. 2 Culture
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Transcript New Ch. 2 Culture
Ch. 2: Culture
I. Individualism v. Group
Identity
Individualism: Individual beliefs,
ideas, and actions are more
important than the group
Group Identity: The good of the
group is more important than
the rights of the individual
II. High culture and
popular culture
High culture:
Popular Culture:
High culture and
popular culture
High culture: Elite
culture
Popular Culture:
Everyday culture
High Culture
III. Material and nonmaterial culture
Material culture: All physical objects or
artifacts, that people make and attach meaning
to
Cars, books, clothing, churches
Non-Material Culture: Human creations
that are not embodied in physical objects
Values, beliefs, norms, system of governments,
traditions
Non-Material Culture
IV. Values
-Value: General idea that
people share about what is
good or bad, desirable or
undesirable.
- American Values: Competition, achievement,
success, activity and work, humanitarianism,
efficiency and practicality, progress, material
comfort, equality, freedom, conformity, science
and rationality, nationalism and patriotism,
democracy, individuality, racial and ethnic group
superiority
V. Norms
Norm: A specific guideline for action
– how should people behave in
certain situations?
-They’re unspoken customs that
people know and follow
1. Shaking hands
2. Raising hands in classroom
What is the difference between a
norm and a value?
V. Norms
Folkways: Norms that are simply
everyday habits and convention of
a group of people – ex. shake
hands, eat dessert after dinner,
go to movies for a date, say bless
you when someone sneezes
V. Norms
Mores: Norms people consider
vital to their well-being and to
their most cherished values
- ex. no cannibalism
Laws: Rules enacted by a
political body and enforced by
the power of the state (police
or military)
Laws
VI. Symbols and
Language
Symbols: Objects, gestures, sounds, or
images that represent something other
than themselves
Language: A system of verbal and, in
many cases, written symbols with rules
about how those symbols can be strung
together to convey a more complex
meaning
Symbol
Language
VII. Cultural Universals: Features that
are common to all cultures
Ex. Body adornment, cooking, dancing,
feasting, forms of greeting, family, funeral
ceremonies, gift giving, housing, language,
music, myths, religion, toolmaking
VIII. Cultural Integration
and Diversity
A. A culture with high Cultural Integration
means that everything - what people do,
how they think, their values, and society as
a whole all fit together without much
conflict
B. Cultural Diversity is cultures staying
separate – in a Culture with a high level of
diversity there may be conflict
VIII. Cultural Integration
and Diversity
C. Assimilation: the process by which
newcomers to a society give up their
culturally distinct beliefs, values, and
customs, and take on those of the
dominant culture.
VIII. Cultural Integration
and Diversity
D. Dominant Culture: The culture that is
treated normal for the society as a whole
-Subculture: A culture within a larger
culture
-Counter Culture: Subcultures that are
oriented towards challenging the
dominant culture or deliberately trying to
change it
Counter Culture
IX. Ethnocentrism and
Cultural Relativism
Ethnocentrism: The tendency to view one’s
own cultural patterns as good and right and
those of others as strange or even immoral
Cultural Relativism: The belief that cultures
should be judged by their own standards,
rather than by applying the standards of
another culture
X. How is culture made?
Cultural Gate Keepers: The group of people
who have a hand in disseminating (spreading)
culture
TV, music, advertisers, and more pick which
culture to promote over others
Gatekeepers
XI. Globalization
Cultures around the world becoming
more and more mixed
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