Dutch research on Smart Grids
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Transcript Dutch research on Smart Grids
Smart Grids
Miro Zeman ([email protected])
Paul Voskuilen ([email protected])
Anne Beaulieu ([email protected])
“Reliable, Sustainable and Affordable Energy for Everyone”
“Sustainable business opportunities”
Smart Grids
Drivers and challenges
Global developments in energy systems
Energy transition towards renewable energy sources
Energy efficiency and saving
Smart grids
Improve power system efficiency, reliability, stability, resilience
Cope with necessary flexibility:
Facilitate integration of renewable energy
Reduce electricity use
Exploit potential of electric cars and storage
Smart Grids
Multi-disciplinary approach
1. Physical system
- Electrical system
(transmission & distribution engineering, power system control & protection)
- New components and automation functions
(energy generation and conversion, storage, power electronics, automatic
controls, DC systems)
2. Smart Energy Management
- use full potential of IT as enabling technology for energy
3. Smart Grids and society
- Markets en policy
(markets, economics and public policy)
- User behavior, security and privacy
Outline
Visit to USA
Netherlands Energy Research Alliance (NERA)
Seven Dutch public knowledge institutes active in energy
Facilitate national and international cooperation
Collect expertise of Dutch universities
Overview of running projects
Individual roadmaps of leading scholars
Purpose:
Identify similarity, overlap and complementarity in research
NERA: Netherlands Energy Research Alliance
The Dutch energy landscape
Alliance of 7 major Dutch public knowledge institutes active in energy
University presidents and CEOs on Board
Links with Centre for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Dutch
research centres and companies
NERA: Netherlands Energy Research Alliance
One single port of call for energy research
• Create a network with the aim to
make optimal use of the
knowledge and experience of the
NERA-partners
• NERA makes it possible to look
at the Dutch landscape in two
ways:
– by partner: in depth
– by research theme: for
overview
ECN
University of
Groningen
University of
Twente
TU Delft
TNO
FOM
TU
Eindhoven
NERA: Netherlands Energy Research Alliance
One single port of call for partners
Stimulate energy cooperation in research and innovation in the
Netherlands, Europe and with countries like the US
Influence the European energy agenda: NERA represents the
Netherlands in the European Energy Research Alliance
(EERA), the public research pillar of the EU Strategic Energy
Technology Plan (SET-Plan).
Smart Grids
NERA roadmaps and agendas
University of Groningen & Energy Academy Europe
Integral approach on large scale smart grid implementation: from
uncertainty to flexibility
3 Technical Universities
Microgrids
PV technology
Electrical mobility
Storage
Intelligent power grid
Modelling and simulations
Intelligent hybrid energy systems
Roadmaps and agenda
Integral approach on smart grids
From uncertainty as hazard
to flexibility as asset
Where we want to be?
• Towards flexibility
ICT monitoring
and real world • Decentralised control
research
• Modularity
Systems
approach (social, • Demand follows
production
ecological &
technological) • New distribution of
Collaboration
costs & market
between models structures
interface,
• System integration
interaction,
(gas&elec.)
integration via
How?
•
AND uncertainty
•
•
Impetus?
•
Aging
•
infrastructure •
&renewables
•
Status now?
Control, stability,
production
follows demand
•
Innovation
Regulation
Policy
Climate change
•
Geo-political issues
Public support
•
• license to operate
• customer preference
Energy Academy
A. Beaulieu (RUG)
Roadmaps and agenda
PV roadmap
Ultra-thin IBC
c-Si PV
Long-term Challenges
Short-term Challenges
Wafer-based
c-Si solar cells
• High efficiency cell >23%
• Advanced light trapping
• Si surface and contact
area passivation
• Back contact and
metalization design
• Scalable cell architecture
• High efficiency modules > 23%
(Heterojuction, bifacial)
• Novel cost-effective module design
• Aesthetical module design for BIPV
• Integrated PV + storage modules
• Flexible light-weight thin-film
modules
• Hybrid solar cells with high
efficiency >30%: wafer-based Si
(IBC) + thin-film cells, 3/4-terminal
tandems
M. Zeman (TU Delft)
Roadmaps and agenda
Power electronics roadmap
All things
connected by
power
Long-term Challenges
electronics
• Seamless modular
operation
• Multi-frequency power
Short-term Challenges
systems
• Improved efficiency
• High power to weight
• Improved power density
• Demonstrate WB converters density
• Integration with electromechanics
Low efficiency power
conversion
B. Ferreira (TU Delft)
Roadmaps and agenda
Electro-mechanics roadmap
All things driven
by electrical
Long-term Challenges machines
Short-term Challenges
•
•
•
•
Low efficiency
drives
• High speed
• High power to weight density
• Fault tolerance
High torque density
High efficiency
Loss analysis
Integration with power
electronics
B. Ferreira, H. Polinder (TU Delft)
Roadmaps and agenda
Autonomous microgrids roadmap
Long-term Challenges
Large-scale
roll-out
• Experiment with 10-20 real houses
(mostly) off-grid
• Experiment with islanded power quality
Short-term Challenges
• Experiment with interaction of
blocks of 10-20 nearly islanded houses
• Modeling of microgrids
• Model storage technologies • Multi-modal modeling (heat + electricity
+ …)
• Simulating microgrids
• Optimisation algorithms
• Add load-flow calculations
Autonomous • Develop pricing strategies
microgrids
G. Smit (UT)
Roadmaps and agenda
DC microgrid roadmap
DC Microgrids
DC Challenges
AC Challenges
•
•
•
•
AC Microgrids
Planning
Demand response
Load management
Intelligent power
management
• Optimization of
portfolio
• Layout and sizing of microgrids
• DC Systems with high-efficiency,
multiterminal, meshed
• DC Components – conversion,
circuit breakers, arcing
• Modularity
• Power management, control
P. Bauer (TU Delft)
Roadmaps and agenda
Electrical mobility roadmap
Dynamic charging
Electrical
mobility
• Inductive Charging (stationary)
20 kW, efficiency 93%
• On road Charging with green energy
Smart Charging
• On road Charging of electrical
• Storage recognition
Vehicles combined with solar roads
• Charging technology
• Inductive charging (stationary) and storage
3kW, efficiency 90%
• PV charging house/neighborhood
Electric • V2G, V2H, Impact on grid
with green energy
Vehicles • Charging
(microgrids)
P. Bauer (TU Delft)
Roadmaps and agenda
Chemical storage roadmap
Solar to fuel
>20% efficiency
Long-term Challenges
Short-term Challenges
• Understanding multielectron electrochemical
reduction reactions
• Cheap PV-EC hybrid
devices
PV + Electrolysis
Expensive solar
fuels
• Cheap and abundant
catalysts
• Developing both large and
small scale conversion
systems
B. Dam (TU Delft)
Roadmaps and agenda
Electricity storage roadmap
Battery capacity
factor 10x higher
http://www.technologyreview.com/news/516961/how-tesla-is-driving-electric-car-innovation/
Low cost/ high
safety batteries
• Na-ion
• Solid state electrolytes
Short-term Challenges
• 200 Wh/kg
• Silicon anodes
• High Voltage
cathodes
Li-ion
batteries
Low cost/ high
performance
• Highest energy density
batteries
• Longest life, lowest cost
grid scale batteries
• Solid state electrolytes
• Safety
• Li-air
• Li-sulphur
• Mg/Ca cells
High energy
density e-storage
(J/kg, J/l, J/$)
• Mobile storage
• Static storage for
day/night
• High efficiency
• Safe
E. Kelder, F. Mulder (TU Delft)
Roadmaps and agenda
Intelligent power grid roadmap
Active
distribution
Long-term Challenges
grids
Short-term Challenges
Passive
distribution
grids
•
•
•
•
•
Automation
State estimation
Customer engagement
Aggregator services
Congestion management
•
•
•
•
•
Situational awareness
Self healing adaptive control
Price based incentives
Multi agents operation
Integrated optimization
W.L. Kling (TU Eindhoven)
Roadmaps and agenda
Smart planning roadmap
Smart grid
planning
Long-term Challenges
Short-term Challenges
•
•
•
•
Demand forecasting
Round the year analysis
Probabilistic evaluation
Congestion management
•
•
•
•
Ancillary services
Adaptive operation
Event driven solutions
Demand side response
Peak related
planning
J.G. Slootweg(TU Eindhoven)
Roadmaps and agenda
Power quality roadmap
Optimal power
quality
Long-term Challenges
Short-term Challenges
•
•
•
•
Grid code
obligations
Mitigation measures
Responsibility sharing
Continuous monitoring
Calculation methods
•
•
•
•
Fault ride through
Adaptive voltage control
Decoupling of systems
Customer choice
J.F.G. Cobben (TU Eindhoven)
Roadmaps and agenda
Grid control and protection roadmap
PDC
APPS
Wide-Area
Intelligent
System
WAN
SMU_1
SMU_n
Short-term Challenges
Classical
protection
• Protective relay
modeling&testing
• Protection schemes for
fault interruption
• Developing&testing of
protection algorithms
• WAMPAC architecture
Long-term Challenges
• Load shedding
• Controlled islanding
• Phasor and frequency estimation
algorithms
• Corrective control scheme
• Fault detection and location
M. Popov (TU Delft)
Roadmaps and agenda
HVDC transmission roadmap
HVDC Systems
HVDC Connection
HVDC
• Loss and dynamic models
• Power flow control of HVDC
networks
• Loss/cost optimization/trading
• Short circuit analysis
• Multi-level modular converter
technology (AC/DC and DC/DC)
• HVDC cable (materials)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
HVDC
Grids
Hybrid connections
DC tapping techniques
DC circuit breakers
Online control & optimization
Diagnostics and monitoring
O&M modelling
System integration
P. Bauer (TU Delft)
Roadmaps and agenda
Large power system roadmap
Sustainable and
stable pan-EU
hybrid power
Long-term Challenges
system
• 80% electricity from RES
•
Short-term Challenges
•
•
• 35 % electricity from RES
•
• Stability with MT-HVDC
• PMU/WAM based protection •
• Interaction offshore VSC
HVDC and onshore HVAC •
• embedded VSC HVDC
AC dominated • ancillary services from RES •
•
high inertia
• Interaction local and
power system international grids
Low inertia power system
Meshed HVDC grid
Full WAMPAC
Integration of storage
Ancillary services from RES and
distributed VPP
Reliable Integrated HVDC/HVAC
(hybrid) grid
Interaction Elec, Gas, Heat
New EU market design for flexibility
services
M. Van der Meiden (TU Delft)
Roadmaps and agenda
Grid mathematics roadmap
Powerweb
modelling
Long-term Challenges
Short-term Challenges
Component
modelling
• fast solvers for large
transmission grids
• transient models for
distribution grids
• risk analysis for
transmission grid
• optimal power flow
• develop HPC solvers
• models/solvers for combined
transmission and distribution grids
• risk analysis for combined grid
• optimal power flow for combined
grid
• HPC solvers for real time decision
support
K. Vuik (TU Delft)
Roadmaps and agenda
Intelligent Planning and Scheduling
Robust smart
grid systems
Long-term Challenges
Robust Planning
• Planning of energy
consumption/distribution
with uncertainty
• Large scale distributed
energy scheduling with
performance guarantees
• Methods for large scale
autonomous decision making in the
grid
• Dynamic decoupling of distribution
systems
Conventional
Distribution systems
C. Witteveen (TU Delft)
Roadmaps and agenda
Intelligent hybrid power systems roadmap
System of
Systems
Image: National Grid Smart Grid Pilot Proposal
Integrated energy systems
• Dynamic links between heat, gas,
power
Smart power grids
• Interaction with socio-economic
systems and (new) energy markets
• Stability and scalability limits
• Cyber-physical (big) data analytics
• Models of hybrid systems
for efficiency and operations
(IT, power, etc.)
• Integration of new
technologies (RES, DC, etc.)
Centralized, • Resilience and robustness of ITbacked power systems
isolated
P. Palensky (TU Delft)
Roadmaps and agenda
Intelligent Energy Systems roadmap
Long-term Challenges
Short-term Challenges
Smart
Metering
• Dynamic pricing for
specific local energy
usage and generation
• Data usage for network
planning and operations
• Definition of future energy
actors, roles and
responsibilities
Ubiquitous
Smart Energy
Systems
• Robust and scalable markets and
pricing for energy supply/demand
matching in smart grids
• ICT using sensors and data for
energy and network management
• Fully-automatic energy
management in homes and
buildings
• Planning and operations of energy
networks with multiple actors
• ICT-based smart energy systems
H. La Poutre (CWI/TU Delft)
Roadmaps and agenda
System integration roadmap
Long-term Challenges
Short-term Challenges
Isolated
solutions
• Demand response aligned
with network management
• Interrelation between
different flexibility sources
• Market design to
incentivize flexibility
• International
harmonization of
energy and CO2
policies
Joint
technological &
institutional
transition
towards RES
P. Herder (TU Delft)
Roadmaps and agenda
Smart grid modelling roadmap
Understanding
and shaping the
Long-term Challenges emergence of the
smart energy
• Socio-technical modelling
system
Short-term Challenges
Integrating
Renewables
• Assessing Available
Flexibility & Adequacy
• Analysis of RES
variability & uncertainty
• Modelling Customer
Participation
lab, a dashboard for grid
operators, business
developers, and policy
makers
• Assessing implementation
of smart solutions
depending on the business
models and strategies of the
actors involved, government
policies
Z. Lukszo (TU Delft)
Smart grids
Collaboration
• Outline of research interests and goals
• Purpose: more efficient research and possibilities of
collaboration.
• Preliminary targets:
Combining (clear) goals on research topics
Researcher exchange – sharing knowledge
Sharing data/results of previous and current research projects
Joint research programs
Smart grids
US-Netherlands Collaboration on Smart Grid Evolution
Cooperation Between Smart Cities & Communities
NL - USA
Public Knowledge & Data Exchange
Paul Burghardt
Smart grids
US-Netherlands Collaboration on Smart Grid Evolution
Cooperation Between Smart Cities & Communities
Levels and activities
Testbeds:
Intelligent power management
Electrical mobility & storage
hardware in the loop…
Research:
Data visualization (measured data &GIS)-exchange of researchers
Micro-grids autonomy
Models for combined transmission and distribution grids
Agent-based modeling
Research coordination -sharing lessons learned NERA
NL case: Couperus
Real world pilots:
deployment…
Smart Grids
Let’s join forces where possible.
“Reliable, Sustainable and Affordable Energy for Everyone”
“Sustainable business opportunities”