Transcript Costs of quality, ethical considerations

Cost Accounting
A Managerial Emphasis
thirteenth edition
Charles T. Horngren
Srikant M. Datar
George Foster
Madhav Rajan
Christopher Ittner
© 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.
19-1
This presentation includes:
Exercises 19-18, 19-20, 19-22
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19-2
Exercise 19-18
Costs of quality, ethical considerations Safe Rider has
discovered a more serious problem with the plastic core of
its car seats. An accident can cause the plastic in some of
the seats to crack and break, resulting in serious injuries to
the occupant.
It is estimated that this problem will affect about 200 car
seats in the next year. This problem could be corrected by
using a higher quality of plastic that would increase the cost
of every car seat produced by $25. If this problem is not
corrected, Safe Rider estimates that out of the 200
accidents, customers will realize that the problem is due to
a defect in the seats in only two cases. Safe Rider’s legal
team has estimated that each of these two accidents would
result in a lawsuit that could be settled for about $750,000.
All lawsuits settled would include a confidentiality clause,
so Safe Rider’s reputation would not be affected.
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19-3
Question 1: Assuming that Safe Rider
expects to sell 100,000 car seats next year,
what would be the cost of increasing the
quality of all 100,000 car seats?
Cost of improving quality of plastic
$25 × 100,000 = $2,500,000
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19-4
Question 2: What will be the total cost of the
lawsuits next year if the problem is not
corrected?
Total cost of lawsuits
2 × $750,000 = $1,500,000
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19-5
Question 3: Safe Rider has decided not to
increase the quality of the plastic because
the cost of increasing the quality exceeds the
benefits (saving the cost of lawsuits). What
do you think of this decision? (Note: Because
of the confidentiality clause, the decision will
have no effect on Safe Rider’s reputation.)
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19-6
While economically this may seem like a
good decision, qualitative factors should be
more important than quantitative factors
when it comes to protecting customers from
harm and injury.
If a product can cause a customer serious
harm and injury, an ethical and moral
company should take steps to prevent that
harm and injury. The company’s code of
ethics should guide this decision.
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19-7
Exercise 19-20
Quality improvement, relevant costs, relevant
revenues TechnoPrint manufactures and sells
20,000 high-technology printing presses each year.
The variable and fixed costs of rework and repair
are as follows:
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19-8
More information
TechnoPrint’s current presses have a quality problem that
causes variations in the shade of some colors.
Its engineers suggest changing a key component in each
press. The new component will cost $55 more
than the old one. In the next year, however, TechnoPrint
expects that with the new component it will
(1) save 12,875 hours of rework, (2) save 900 hours of
customer support, (3) move 200 fewer loads, (4) save
7,000 hours of warranty repairs, and (5) sell an additional
150 printing presses, for a total contribution margin
of $1,800,000.
TechnoPrint believes that even as it improves quality, it will
not be able to save any of the fixed costs of rework or
repair. TechnoPrint uses a one-year time horizon for this
decision, because it plans to introduce a new press at the
end of the year.
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19-9
Question 1: Should TechnoPrint change to
the new component?
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19-10
Relevant costs over the next year of
choosing the new lens =$1,100,000
($55  20,000 copiers )
The expected relevant benefits of
$3,568,000 exceed the expected relevant
costs of the new lens of $1,100,000, Photon
should introduce the new lens.
Note that the opportunity cost benefits in the
form of higher contribution margin from
increased sales is an important component
for justifying the investment in the new lens.
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19-11
Question 2: Suppose the estimate of 150
additional printing presses sold is uncertain.
What is the minimum number of additional
printing presses that TechnoPrint needs to
sell to justify adopting the new component?
The incremental cost of the new lens of
$1,100,000 is less than the incremental savings in
rework and repair costs of $1,768,000 ($1,030,000
+ $36,000 + $72,000 + $630,000).
Thus, it is beneficial for TechnoPrint to invest in the
new lens even without making any additional sales.
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19-12
Exercise 19-22
Waiting time, service industry The registration
advisors at a small Midwestern university (SMU)
help 4,000 students develop each of their class
schedules and register for classes each semester.
Each advisor works for 10 hours a day during the
registration period. SMU currently has 10 advisors.
While advising an individual student can take
anywhere from 2 to 30 minutes, it takes an
average of 12 minutes per student.
During the registration period, the 10 advisors see
an average of 300 students a day.
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19-13
Question 1: Using the formula on p. 677,
calculate how long the average student will
have to wait in the advisor’s office before
being advised.
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19-14
Question 2:
The head of the registration advisors would like to increase the
number of students seen each day, because at 300 students a day
it would take 14 working days to see all of the students. This is a
problem because the registration period lasts for only two weeks
(10 working days). If the advisors could advise400 students a day,
it would take only two weeks (10 days). However, they want to
make sure that the waiting time is not excessive. What would be
the average waiting time if 400 students were seen each day?
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19-15
Question 3:
SMU wants to know the effect of reducing the average
advising time on the average wait time. If SMU can
reduce the average advising time to 10 minutes, what
would be the average waiting time if 400 students were
seen each day?
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19-16
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19-17