Transcript Chapter 6

Section 6-1
Leaving a Mark on the World
Have you ever seen very old photographs of the town or city in which you
now live? Has your area changed? Perhaps there are more buildings or
roads than there were many years ago. Maybe your town or city has more
trees and flowers now than it had years ago. Humans, like all organisms,
have an effect on their environment.
Go to
Section:
Interest Grabber continued
Section 6-1
1. Choose an animal other than a human and describe at least two ways
in which it may change its environment.
2. What events might have led to the changes that occurred in your town
or city?
3. What positive effect have humans had on their environment? What
negative effect have humans had on their environment?
Go to
Section:
Section Outline
Section 6-1
6–1
A Changing Landscape
A.
B.
C.
D.
Earth as an Island
Human Activities
Hunting and Gathering
Agriculture
1. From Traditional to Modern Agriculture
2. The Green Revolution
3. Challenges for the Future
E. Industrial Growth and Urban Development
Go to
Section:
Concept Map
Section 6-1
Human
Activities
that have changed the biosphere include
Hunting and
gathering
may have once caused
Industrial
growth
Agriculture
often relies on the methods of the
Extinctions of
large animals
Green
revolution
Food supply
Go to
Section:
Pesticide use
have resulted in
High standard
of living
which increased
Monoculture
use
Urban
development
Increased
pollution
Interest Grabber
Section 6-2
Where Do Natural Resources Come From?
Natural resources are materials that are supplied by nature. A renewable
resource is one that is replaceable. A nonrenewable resource is one that
cannot be replenished by natural processes. Once a nonrenewable
resource is used up, it is gone forever.
Go to
Section:
Interest Grabber continued
Section 6-2
1. Examine the list of natural resources shown below. Then, classify each
natural resource as either renewable or nonrenewable.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Wood
Fossil fuels
Aluminum
Wool
Gold
2. Describe the impact that the loss of nonrenewable resources would
have on the environment.
Go to
Section:
Section Outline
Section 6-2
6–2
Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Classifying Resources
Sustainable Development
Land Resources
Forest Resources
Fishery Resources
1. Overfishing
2. Sustainable Development
3. Aquaculture
F. Air Resources
G. Freshwater Resources
Go to
Section:
Growth of Fish Catch
Section 6-2
World Fish Catch
Amount of Fish per Person
(kilograms)
Total Catch
(million tons)
Year
Go to
Section:
World Fish Catch per Person
Year
Figure 6-12 The Formation of Acid Rain
Section 6-2
Emissions to Atmosphere
Nitrogen oxides
Sulfur dioxide
Chemical Transformation
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid
Condensation
Dry Fallout
particulates, gases
Industry
Go to
Section:
Transportation
Ore smelting
Power generation
Precipitation
Acid rain, fog,
snow, and mist
Interest Grabber
Section 6-3
What Is Biodiversity?
Biodiversity is the sum total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere.
Sometimes humans can reduce biodiversity, which is considered a natural
resource.
Go to
Section:
Interest Grabber continued
Section 6-3
1. List three ways in which other organisms have proved to be a benefit
to humans.
2. Compare biodiversity with other natural resources, such as wood and
fossil fuels. Do you think biodiversity is a renewable or a nonrenewable
resource? Explain your answer.
3. What can be done to preserve the biodiversity of organisms?
Go to
Section:
Section Outline
Section 6-3
6–3
Biodiversity
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Go to
Section:
The Value of Biodiversity
Threats to Biodiversity
Habitat Alteration
Demand for Wildlife Products
Pollution
Introduced Species
Conserving Biodiversity
1. Strategies for Conservation
2. Challenges in Conservation
Species Diversity
Section 6-3
Insects
54.4%
Protists
4.2%
Other Animals
19.7%
Plants
18%
Fungi
3.4%
Go to
Section:
Bacteria
0.3%
Figure 6-16 Biological Magnification of DDT
Section 6-3
Magnification of
DDT Concentration
Fish-Eating Birds
10,000,000
Large
Fish
1,000,000
Small Fish 100,000
Zooplankton 10,000
Producers 1000
Water
Go to
Section:
1
Interest Grabber
Section 6-4
How Much Should It Cost?
You may have read that when something becomes hard to obtain, its price
usually increases. Such is the case for materials like gold and diamonds,
which are nonrenewable resources. Using similar thinking, some
researchers believe that all the valuable services provided by a healthy
ecosystem should be assigned a dollar value.
Go to
Section:
Interest Grabber continued
Section 6-4
Rank the following items in order of their importance to you. Then, next to
each item, write down how much you would be willing to pay for it.
1. Fresh, clean drinking water
2. Clean air to breathe
3. An endangered plant containing a substance that can cure cancer
4. Gas for your family car
Go to
Section:
Section Outline
Section 6-4
6–4
Charting a Course for the Future
A. Ozone Depletion
B. Global Climate Change
1. Evidence of Global Warming
2. Possible Effects of Global Warming
C. The Value of a Healthy Biosphere
Go to
Section:
Sustainable Agriculture
Section 6-4
Cover Crops
Legumes, grasses, and other
cover crops recycle soil nutrients,
reduce fertilizer need, and
prevent weed growth.
Contour Plowing
Contour plowing reduces
soil erosion from land runoff.
On hilly areas, plowing is done
across the hill rather than
straight up and down.
Controlled Grazing
By managing graze periods and herd
densities, farmers can improve nutrient
cycling, increase the effectiveness of
precipitation, and increase the carrying
capacity of pastures.
A
B
Yr. 1
Yr. 3
oats alfalfa
oats alfalfa
Go to
Section:
C
Crop Rotation
Different crops use and
replenish different nutrients.
alfalfa By rotating crops, the loss
corn alfalfa (plowed in) of important plant nutrients
is decreased.
corn
Yr. 2
Biological Pest Control
The use of predators and parasites
to control destructive insects
minimizes pesticide use as well as
crop damage
corn
Figure 6-22 Ecosystem Services
Section 6-4
Solar energy
Production of oxygen
Storage and recycling of
nutrients
Regulation of climate
Purification of water and air
Storage and distribution of
fresh water
Food production
Nursery habits for wildlife
Detoxification of human and
industrial waste
Natural pest and disease
control
Management of soil erosion
and runoff
Go to
Section:
Video
How Does Everything Fit?
Click the image to play the video segment.
Go Online
Interactive test
Articles on natural resources and pollution
For links on sustainable agriculture, go to www.SciLinks.org and
enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-2061.
For links on biodiversity, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web
Code as follows: cbn-2063.
For links on global warming, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the
Web Code as follows: cbn-2064.
Interest Grabber Answers
1. Choose an animal other than a human and describe at least two ways in
which it may change its environment.
Sample answers: A beaver both removes wood from a forest and dams a
body of water. A dog digs a hole and may damage plants, but also may
unearth worms and turn the soil.
2. What events might have led to the changes that occurred in your town or
city?
Sample answers: increase or decrease in population and industry.
3. What positive effect have humans had on their environment? What
negative effect have humans had on their environment?
Humans preserve, conserve, and restore the natural environment as well
as construct facilities that improve human health. Humans pollute the air,
water, and land with materials that can harm humans and other organisms.
Interest Grabber Answers
1. Examine the list of natural resources shown below. Then, classify each
natural resource as either renewable or nonrenewable.
a. Wood
b. Fossil fuels
c. Aluminum
Renewable; new trees can be grown
Nonrenewable; once depleted they are gone
Nonrenewable; although recyclable, once depleted the
resource is gone
d. Wool
e. Gold
Renewable; sheep can grow new fleece
Nonrenewable; once gold ores are depleted no more
gold can be made
2. Describe the impact that the loss of nonrenewable resources would have
on the environment.
Sample answers: fossil fuels; limited energy, which impacts on industry,
quality of life, economy; gold and aluminum; decrease in components for
technology, which also impacts on industry, quality of life, economy.
Interest Grabber Answers
1. List three ways in which other organisms have proved to be a benefit
to humans.
They provide food, medicine, building materials, and clothing.
2. Compare biodiversity with other natural resources, such as wood and fossil
fuels. Do you think biodiversity is a renewable or a nonrenewable
resource? Explain your answer.
Nonrenewable, because once species of organisms are extinct, they
cannot be brought back to life by any natural processes.
3. What can be done to preserve the biodiversity of organisms?
Students may suggest protecting endangered species and ecosystems.
Interest Grabber Answers
Rank the following items in order of their importance to you. Then, next to
each item, write down how much you would be willing to pay for it.
1. Fresh, clean drinking water
2. Clean air to breathe
3. An endangered plant containing a substance that can cure cancer
4. Gas for your family car
Students’ answers will depend on how important the items are to them.
This slide is intentionally blank.