Transcript Bed Bugs - The Ohio State University

Bed Bug Detection and
Management In Schools
Dr. Susan Jones
Professor of Entomology
Bed Bugs In Schools
BE PROACTIVE!!!!
Educate the school community on
bed bugs
Promptly respond to a bed bug
sighting
Presentation Outline
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Myths
Habits
Prevention
Detection methods
Treatment options
Worldwide Resurgence
of Bed Bugs Since
Late 1990s
SPAIN
CANADA
ENGLAND
August 2010
CDC & EPA
Joint
Statement
Bed bugs are a
pest of significant
public health
importance!
http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehs/Publications/Bed_Bugs_CDC-EPA_Statement.htm
http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/bedbugs/
The Most Bed Bug-Infested Cities in the U.S.
The Common Bed Bug
(Cimex lectularius)
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Insects (true bugs)
Temporary external parasites
Feed only on blood
Prefer to feed on humans
Alternate hosts:
rodents, bats, birds,
pets (cats, dogs, etc.)
Not caused by bad housekeeping!!
BED BUGS CAN HAPPEN TO ANYONE!
BED BUG HABITS
• Cannot fly
• Can walk very fast
• Typically hide during the day in dark,
protected sites (esp. cracks & crevices)
• Prefer fabric, wood, and paper surfaces
• Can cling tightly to surfaces
Bed bugs are very
good hitchhikers!
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Clothing
Backpacks
Purses
Books
Other items carried into schools
--Bed Bug Hitchhikers—
in shoe tread
--Bed Bug Hitchhikers—
in walker & wheelchair
Photos courtesy of General Pest Control Co.
How do bed bugs travel?
• Hitchhiking
• Walking
• down a hallway after dropping
off an item
• from an infested room to new
territory
• from one room to another via
pipes, telephone, cable or
electrical wires
Bed Bugs In
Schools
• Brought in by students, staff, visitors, etc.
• Bugs crawl into the school’s chairs,
carpeting, equipment, etc.
• A single bed bug does not warrant panic
or school closure!
Control of Bed Bugs In
Schools
• Early identification is very important
• Staff should be trained re. what to look for
• Maintenance and cleaning crews should be on
the lookout for telltale signs of bed bugs
• Capture a bug for positive identification
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
(IPM) FOR BED BUGS:
Correctly identify the pest
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Conduct a thorough inspection
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Use sanitation measures
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Apply insecticides to targeted sites
Egg
~0.04 inch (1 mm) long
Glued in place
Adult (male & female)
~0.26 inch (6.5 mm) long
Takes repeated blood meals;
life span ~1 to 1½ yrs
1st stage nymph
~0.06 inch (1.5 mm) long
Takes a blood meal
then molts
LIFE CYCLE
OF THE
BED BUG
2nd stage nymph
(Cimex lectularius)
~0.08 inch (2 mm) long
Takes a blood meal
then molts
Note: These images depict bugs with
a partly digested blood meal.
© The Ohio State University
Dr. Susan C. Jones &
Benjamin R. Diehl
5th stage nymph
3rd stage nymph
~0.18 inch (4.5 mm) long
Takes a blood meal
then molts
4th stage nymph
~0.12 inch (3 mm) long
Takes a blood meal then molts
~0.1 inch (2.5 mm) long
Takes a blood meal
then molts
--IDENTIFICATION-Shape and Size
• Beak-like mouthparts
• Oval shaped
• Body flattened (unfed) to
swollen (recently fed)
• Adults: ~1/4 – 3/8 inch long
• Youngest nymphs (immature
bugs) are tiny (<<1/10 inch long)
--IDENTIFICATION-Color
•Youngest nymphs:
• almost colorless (unfed)
• crimson (recently fed)
• Older nymphs and adults:
• various shades of brown (unfed)
• reddish brown (fed)
Adult Bed Bugs
Female
Male
Bat Bug
(Cimex lectularius)
(Cimex adjunctus)
eye
eye
Bed Bug
IDENTIFICATION SERVICES
Ohio State University Pest Diagnostic Clinic
• Fee for identification services ($20 per insect
sample)
• ID wide variety of insects, arthropods, plant
diseases, etc.
• Online submission form: http://ppdc.osu.edu
Recognizing Bed Bug Bites
• Skin reactions (avg = 7 of 10 people)
• Redness
• Welts
• Itching
• Resemble bites from other insects & arthropods
• Typically no red spot at the center (such as with
fleas and black flies)
• Typically occur on exposed skin
• Neck and face; shoulders and arms; back; etc.
• Rarely occur on the palms or soles (such as with
scabies mites)
• Often occur in rows or groups
• Confirmation based on finding bed bug evidence
Control of Bed Bugs In
Schools
Prompt action is very
important for bed bugs!
Downloadable Notification Letter For
Adapting To Your School
http://centralohiobedbugs.org
Control of Bed Bugs In
Schools
• If a bed bug is positively identified…
• Don’t panic. It’s not necessarily a sign of a
bed bug infestation.
• A pest control professional should conduct
a thorough bed bug inspection.
Recognize the telltale
signs of bed bugs!
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Black fecal spots
Shed skins & eggshells
Live bed bugs (nymphs & adults)
Blood stains from crushed bugs
Welts on exposed skin
Distinctive “buggy” odor (in severe
infestations)
Bed Bugs Behind A Hanging Picture
Tell-tale Signs of Bed Bugs
in Furniture
bed frame
Tell-tale Signs of Bed Bugs
Behind Baseboards
Tell-tale Signs of Bed Bugs
in Electrical Outlets
--Bed Bug Inspection-Bed Bug-Sniffing Dogs
• Dog and handler should be
specially trained and certified
• Dog requires daily training, too
• The dog’s handler is important
• Can have high accuracy
• Enable rapid inspections
• Expensive
 Much variability among canine
Rutgers
Field Study
detectionUniversity
firms.
 Can be a useful tool in large-scale
inspections.
August 2011
‘Detection
Tools and
Techniques’
Canine team performance
By: Changlu
Wang and
Richard
Cooper
Average
Range
Inspection time
150 minutes
100-250 min.
Cost
$750
$500-1,000
Detection rate
43%
11-83%
(7 firms; 24 apts.)
False positive rate (signaling
bed bugs that weren’t there)
0-38%
--Active Monitoring Device--
Overview of the Verifi™
Bed Bug Detector
Components
A CO2 BOOSTER PACK
(lasts for 24 hours)
B
PITFALL
3 in
4 in
LURE (lasts for 90 days)
--Pheromone chamber
(mimics bed bug
aggregation scent)
5 in
--Kairomone chamber
(mimics host odor)
C PITFALL
D HARBORAGE
front view
(cut away)
back view
E ADHESIVE
http://www.fmcprosolutions.com/BedBugs/PropertyManager/Home.aspx
— OSU Research Study —
PITFALL
All Stages Of Bed Bugs Were
Captured In The Verifi™ Detector Pitfall.
— OSU Research Study —
HARBORAGE
Some Bed Bugs Were Found On
The Verifi™ Detector Harborage.
4 eggs
1 adult female
— OSU Research Study —
Nmber of Errrors
Comparison of Erroneous Results with
Canine Team, Dry Ice Trap, and Verifi™ Detector
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2
1
0
Dog 1
Dog 2
False Positive
Dog 1
Dog 2
False Negative
Canine Team
False
False
False
False
Positive Negative Positive Negative
Dry Ice Trap
Detection Method
Verifi Detector
--Passive Monitoring Devices--
Climbup™ Interceptor
Sticky Traps
Bed Bug Detector Trap
Control of Bed Bugs In
Schools
If numerous bed bugs
are identified…
Contact a professional pest control
company to treat for bed bugs
• ODA web site lists
licensed pest mgt.
companies and
applicators
Sanitation Measures
(Typically are used to supplement additional
treatment measures.)
Some measures to help reduce the
number of bed bugs:
Use a heavy-duty vacuum cleaner.
•Use a high efficiency particulate air
(HEPA) filtered vacuum cleaner.
•It is useful to reduce the number of bed
bugs. (A scraping action with the
attachment is needed to remove eggs.)
•It is useful for cracks & crevices.
•Dispose of the vacuum bag afterwards.
•Remember that an on-site vacuum can
serve as a harborage for bed bugs.
Vacuuming to contain bed bugs
Some measures to help reduce the
number of bed bugs:
Steaming
• Commercial steam unit preferable
• Dry steam preferable (less moisture)
• Surface temperature should be
Photo courtesy of General
Pest Control Co.
~176ºF (80ºC)
• Steam immediately kills bed bugs & eggs
• Requires working slowly and thoroughly
• Steam can penetrate many fabrics & padding
• Some materials too thick for heat transfer
• Prolonged drying time (use fan, dehumidifier,
natural ventilation)
• No residual protection
Some measures to help reduce the
number of bed bugs:
Launder bedding, clothing, etc.!
• Wash in hot water (>120ºF, [50ºC])
• Drier on hot setting (>30 minutes)
Treatment Options
• Heat treatment (whole structure, container)
• Cold (usefulness is limited)
• Insecticides
• Residual products (dust, liquid, aerosols)
• Fumigation (sulfuryl fluoride)
Containerized Heat Treatment
≥120º F for several hours
Portable Thermal Chamber
Whole Room Heat Treatment
Cold Treatment
What shouldn’t you do for
a bed bug problem?
• “Bug Bombs” (“foggers”) won’t
control bed bug infestations
• “Bug Bombs” may cause bed bugs
to scatter!!!
“Bug Bombs” can worsen the
bed bug problem!!
October 2012
http://pct.texterity.com/pct/201210#pg1
cockroach feces
bed bugs nearby
cockroach shed
skin
What shouldn’t you do for
a bed bug problem?
Typically, you shouldn’t dispose of furniture.
• Bed bugs will fall off the furniture as you are
moving it, hence spreading the problem.
• Infested furniture usually can be treated.
• Bed bugs can quickly infest replacement
furniture.
• Items placed on the curb often are
picked up and reused, thereby
spreading bed bugs to other
households.
BUYER BEWARE:
Grocery store insect sprays won’t
eliminate a bed bug infestation!
• Must be sprayed directly on the bed bugs
(‘kills on contact’)
• Most bugs are hiding and WILL NOT be
killed
• Little or no residual activity (the chemical
breaks down quickly)
Words of caution regarding
“natural products” for bed bug
control:
• Exempt from EPA regulation
• EPA requires no efficacy data
• Claims often based on “satisfied
customers”—ask for their research data
and evaluate it carefully
BUYER BEWARE:
Boric acid products don’t work!
• Boric acid does not kill bed bugs.
• Boric acid is a stomach poison that
must be eaten by an insect.
Remember that bed bugs feed only
on blood.
Some Basics of Bed Bug
Management Using
Insecticides
• There is no single “magic bullet”.
• A residual insecticide is necessary.
• Control of a bed bug infestation
typically takes several treatments.
• It is important to use several different
formulations, and often, several
different insecticides.
• Don’t keep using the same
insecticide (rotate insecticide use)
Non-pyrethroid Insecticides For Use
Against Bed Bugs
Active Ingredient
(insecticide class)
Product
Name(s)
Imidacloprid + ß-cyfluthrin
(neonicotinoid + pyrethroid)
Chlorfenapyr
(halogenated pyrrole)
Temprid® SC
Acetamiprid + bifenthrin
(neonicotinoid + pyrethroid)
Thiamethoxam + λ-cyhalothrin
(neonicotinoid + pyrethroid)
Dinotefuran + diatomaceous earth
(neonicotinoid + silica dioxide)
Phantom® SC
Phantom® PI
Transport® Mikron
Transport® GHP
Tandem®
Prescription
Treatment
Alpine® Dust
Alpine® PI
Some Insecticides Registered For Use Against Bed Bugs
Active
Ingredient
Diatomaceous
earth
(=silica dioxide)
Product
Name
Natural Guard
Crawling Insect
Control
Safer® Brand Ant &
Crawling Insect
Killer
Phenothrin
w/isopropanol
with synergist
Steri-fab®
Bedlam®
Miscellaneous Label
Notes
- Crack & crevice applications
- Slow-acting
- Residual (long-lasting) activity
- Dusts should be applied in thin layers
- DO NOT allow product to get wet or
it will permanently lose effectiveness
- Caution: Avoid inhalation; wear a
dust mask during application
- Pool grade DE should NEVER be used
for pest control. Pool grade DE
contains crystalline silica and can be a
respiratory hazard.
- Mattresses mentioned on label
- Steri-fab: General surface application
- Bedlam: Mattresses mentioned on
label—emphasis on seams, tufts
and folds; spot applic. elsewhere
- Contact insecticide, not a residual
Responding to a Bed Bug Incident at School
• Obtain samples of the insect for positive ID
• Arrange for professional inspection ASAP
• Try to determine who has bed bug infestations at
home so that you can offer guidance and suggestions:
• Provide educational material on bed bugs
• Communicate the importance of eliminating the bed bug
infestation at home
• Suggest limiting the number of items brought to school
• Suggest storing school items inside a sealed container away
from beds and upholstered furniture at home
Reference: L. J. Pinto, R. Cooper, & S. K. Kraft. 2007. Bed Bug Handbook: The
Complete Guide to Bed Bugs. Pinto and Associates, Inc. Mechanicsville, MD.
Responding to a Bed Bug Incident at School
• Have a trained individual (e.g., school nurse)
inspect items that are brought into school
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Be discreet
Be respectful
Be aware of unnecessary social stigmas
Inspect items prior to entering classrooms
Reference: L. J. Pinto, R. Cooper, & S. K. Kraft. 2007. Bed Bug Handbook: The
Complete Guide to Bed Bugs. Pinto and Associates, Inc. Mechanicsville, MD.
http://centralohiobedbugs.org
For More Information
http://ohioline.osu.edu
OSU Extension
Fact Sheets:
• HYG-2105 (Bed bugs)
• HYG-2105A (Bat bugs)
Thank You!
Sleep tight,
and don’t let the …
… well, you know the rest
BED BUG PREVENTION
FOR TRAVELERS
Make it STANDARD PRACTICE to check
for bed bugs in hotel/motel rooms!
• Pull back the bedding and look for black fecal
spots on mattress & box springs (especially
seams)
• Carefully examine the underside of the bed skirt
• Look for bb signs along bed frame (especially
head board)
• Open nightstand drawers and look for bb signs
along inner and outer edges
• Look for bb signs along baseboards
DON’T STAY IN A ROOM THAT HAS BB SIGNS
BED BUG PREVENTION
FOR TRAVELERS
Reduce the chances of getting bed bugs
from hotel/motel rooms!
• Keep clothes in your zipped suitcase
• Don’t keep clothes in hotel chest-of-drawers
• OK to hang clothes in closet
• Don’t store your suitcase on the bed,
floor, or upholstered furniture
• Keep your suitcase on the luggage rack
(after first inspecting it for bb signs)
• The bathroom (tub) is the best place to
store your items!