Transcript Chapter 4 Integumentary System

Chapter 4
Integumentary System
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Objectives
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Identify organs and structures of the
integumentary system.
Define and spell the word parts related to the
integumentary system
Define, pronounce and spell disease and
disorder terms related to the integumentary
system.
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Integumentary System Function
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The skin forms a protective covering that
when unbroken prevents entry of bacteria
and other invading organisms. The skin also
protects the body from water loss and from
damaging effects of ultraviolet light.
Other functions include regulation of body
temperature and synthesis of vitamin D.
The integumentary system comprises the
skin, nails, and sweat and oil glands.
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Structure of the Skin
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Major Structures of the Skin
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epidermis: outer layer of skin
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keratin: horny, or cornified, layer composed of
protein
melanin: color, or pigmentation, of skin
dermis (also called “true skin”): the inner
layer of skin
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Major Structures of the Skin (cont’d.)
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sudoriferous glands: tiny, coiled, tubular
structures that emerge through pores on
skin’s surface
sebaceous glands: secrete sebum (oil) into
the hair follicles, where the hair shafts pass
through the dermis
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Accessory Structures of the Skin
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hair: compressed, keratinized cells that arise
from hair follicles (sacs that enclose the hair
fibers)
nails: originate in the epidermis; found on the
upper surface of the ends of the fingers and
toes
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Combining Forms for the
Integumentary System
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cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o - skin
hidr/o - sweat
kerat/o – hard, horny tissue
onych/o, ungu/o - nail
seb/o - sebum
trich/o - hair
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Cross Section of the Skin
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Combining Forms Commonly Used
with Integumentary System Terms
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aut/o - self
bi/o - life
coni/o - dust
crypt/o - hidden
heter/o - other
myc/o - fungus
necr/o – death;
cells, body
pachy/o - thick
rhytid/o - wrinkles
staphyl/o - grapelike
strept/o - twisted
xer/o - dry
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Prefixes
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epi- - on, upon, over
intra- - within
para- - beside, beyond, around, abnormal
per- - through
sub- - under, below
trans- - through, across, beyond
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Suffixes
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-a – noun suffix no
meaning
-coccus – berry shaped
-ectomy – excision or
surgical removal
-ia – diseased or
abnormal state, condition
of
-itis - inflammation
-malacia - softening
-opsy – view of, viewing
-phagia – eating or
swallowing
-plasty – surgical repair
-rrhea – flow, discharge
-tome – instrument used to
cut
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Clicker Question
Which of the following means “eating or
swallowing”?
pachy/o
b) -phagia
c) -plasty
a)
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Disease and Disorder Terms Built
From Word Parts
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Dermatitis – inflammation of the skin
Dermatoconiosis – abnormal condition of the skin
caused by dust
Dermatofibroma – fibrous tumor of the skin
Hidradenitis – inflammation of the sweat gland
Leiodermia – condition of smooth skin
Oncychocryptosis – abnormal condition of hidden or
ingrown nail
Onychomalacia – softening of the nails
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Onychomycosis – abnormal condition of
fungus in the nails
Onychophagia – eating of the nails (nail
biting)
Pachyderma – thickening of the skin
Paronychia – diseased state around the nail
Seborrhea – discharge of sebum
Trichomycosis – abnormal condition of
fungus in the hair
Xeroderma – dry skin
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The -a Ending
The -a ending in the terms “pachyderma,”
“xeroderma,” “erythroderma,” “leukoderma,”
and “xanthoderma” is a noun suffix and has
no meaning
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Analyze and Define
WR /CV/ WR / S
onych/o/myc/osis
CF /
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dermatoconiosis
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hydradenitis
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dermatitis
abnormal condition
of fungus in the nail
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Disease and Disorder Terms
Not Built From Word Parts
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Abrasion – scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or
injury
Abscess – localized collection of pus
Acne – inflammatory disease of the skin involving sebaceous
glands and hair follicles
actinic keratosis – precancerous skin condition of horny tissue
formation that results excessive exposure to sunlight. May become
squamous cell carcinoma
Albinism – congenital hereditary condition characterized by partial
or total lack of pigment in the skin, hari, and eyes
basal cell carcinoma (BCC) – epithelial tumor arising from the
epidermis. Seldom metastasizes but invades local tissue.
Candidiasis – an infection of the skin, mouth (also called thrush), or
vagina cause by yeast. It is normally present in the mucous
membranes; overgrowth causes an infection.
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Carbuncle – skin infection composed of a cluster of boils
caused by staphylococcal bacteria
Cellulitis – inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous
tissue caused by infection leading redness, swelling and
fever
Contusion – injury with no break in the skin, characterized
by pain, swelling, and discoloration (bruise)
Eczema – noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease,
characterized by redness, blisters, scabs and itching.
Fissure – slit or cracklike sore in the skin
Furuncle – painful skin node caused by staphylococcal
bacteria in a hair follicle (boil)
Gangrene – death of tissue caused by loss of blood
supply followed by bacterial invasion (form of necrosis)
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Disease and Disorder Terms Not
Built From Word Parts (cont’d.)
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Herpes – inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small
blisters in clusters. Many types (simplex, zoster – causes shingles)
Impetigo – superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either
staph or strep.
Kaposi sarcoma – cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on the
lower extremities that spreads through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal
organs. Seen a lot with AIDS.
Laceration – torn, ragged-edged wound
Lesion – any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease. Includes
sores, wounds, ulcers, and tumors
Pediculosis – invasion into the skin and hair by lice
Psoriasis – chronic skin condition with red lesions and silvery scales
Rosacea – disorder of the skin that produces erythema, papules, pustules, and
broken blood vessels, usually occurring on the central area of the face in people
older than 30
Scabies – Skin infection caused by the itch mite. Papule eruptions from female
burrowing and laying eggs. Severe itching.
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Scleroderma – chronic hardening of the connective tissue of the
skin and other body organs.
Shingles – development of painful, inflamed blisters that follow the
nerve routes; cause by the same virus that causes chickenpox
squamous cell carcinoma (SqCCA) – a malignant growth that
develops from scale-like epithelial tissue. Potential for metastasis.
Chronic exposure to sunlight
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) – inflammatory disease
involving the skin, joints, kidneys and nervous system.
Autoimmune. Will go into remission. Can affect other organs.
Tinea – fungal infection of the skin. Affects keratin of skin, hair,
nails. Tinea capitus (scalp), T. corporis (body), T pedis (foot)
Urticaria – itching skin eruption composed of sheals of varying size
and shape. (Hives)
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Common Skin Disorders
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Common Skin Disorders (cont’d.)
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Common Skin Disorders (cont’d.)
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Cancers of the Skin
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Actinic keratosis
Basal cell carcinoma
Kaposi sarcoma
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4-25
Clicker Question
Shingles is also called
tinea
b) herpes zoster
c) impetigo
a)
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4-26
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
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Biopsy – Removal of living tissue to be viewed under
microscope
Dermatoautoplasty – surgical repair using one’s own
skin (autograft)
Dermatoheteroplasty – surgical repair using skin from
others (allograft)
Dermatoplasty – surgical repair of the skin
Dermatome – instrument used to cut skin
Onychectomy – excision of a nail
Rhytidectomy – excision of wrinkles (facelift)
Rhytidoplasty – surgical repair of wrinkles
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4-27
Surgical Terms Not
Built from Word Parts
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Cauterization – destruction of tissue with hot or cold
insturments, electrical current or caustic substance
(cautery)
Cryosurgery – destruction of tissue by using extreme
cold (liquid nitrogen)
Debridement – removal of contaminated or dead
tissue and foreign matter from an open wound
Dermabrasion – procedure to remove skin scars with
abrasive material, such as sandpaper
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Excision – removal by cutting
Incision – surgical cut or wound produced by a sharp instrument
incision and drainage (I&D) – cut made to allow free flow or
withdrawl of fluids from a lesion, wound or cavity
laser surgery – procedure using an instrument that emits a high
powered beam of light used to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy
tissue
Mohs surgery – technique of microscopically controlled serial
excisions of skin cancers
Suturing – to stitch edges of a wound surgically.
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4-29
Complementary Terms
Built from Word Parts
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Dermatologist – physician who studies and treats skin
diseases
dermatology (derm) – study of the skin; diagnosis and
treatment
Epidermal – pertaining to upon the skin
Erythroderma – red skin (abnormal redness)
Hypodermic – pertaining to under the skin
intradermal (ID) = pertaining to within the skin
Keratogenic – originating in horny tissue
Leukoderma – white skin (less color than normal)
Necrosis – abnormal condition of death (cells and tissues
die)
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4-30
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Percutaneous – pertaining to through the skin
staphylococcus (staph) – berry shaped bacteria in
grapelike clusters (pl. staphylococci)
streptococcus (strep) – berry shaped bacteria in twisted
chains
(pl. streptococci)
subcutaneous (subcut) – pertaining to under the skin
transdermal (TD) – pertaining to through the skin
Ungual – pertaining to the nail
Xanthoderma – yellow skin (jaundice)
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4-31
Routes of Administration
1. Intradermal
3. Transdermal
2. Subcutaneous, hypodermic
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4-32
Complementary Terms
Not Built from Word Parts
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Adipose – fat, fatty
Allergy – hypersensitivity to a substance
Alopecia – loss of hair
Bacteria – single-celled microorganisms that
reporduce by cell division and may cause infection by
invading body tissue
Cicatrix - scar
Cyst – a closed sac containing fluid or semisolid
material
cytomegalovirus (CMV) – a herpes-type virus that
usually causes disease when the immune system is
compromised
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4-33
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Diaphoresis – profuse sweating
Ecchymosis – escape of blood into the tissues,
causing superficial discoloration (bruise)
Edema – puffy swelling of tissue from the
accumulation of fluid
Emollient – agent that softens or soothes the skin
Erythema - redness
Fungus – organism that feeds by absorbing organic
molecules from its surroundings and my cause
infection by invading body tissue; reproduces by
budding (yeast); or spore formation (mold)
Induration – abnormal hard spots
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4-34
Complementary Terms
Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d.)
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Jaundice – condition characterized by yellow tinge to the
skin (xanthoderma)
Keloid – overgrowth of scar tissue
Leukoplakia – condition characterized by white spots or
patches on the mucous membrane (precancerous?)
Macule – flat, colored spot on the skin
nevus (pL nevi) – circumscribed malformation of the skin,
usually brown, black or flesh colored. Congenital is a
birthmark, otherwise also called a mole.
Nodule – small knotlike mass that can be felt by touch
Pallor - paleness
Papule – small, solid skin elevation (pimple)
petechia (pl. petechiae) – a pinpoint skin hemorrhage
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4-35
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pressure ulcer (decub) – eroded sore on the skin
caused by prolonged pressure, often occurring in
bedridden patients. (decubitus ulcer or bed sore)
Pruritus – severe itching
Purpura – disorder characterized by hemorrhages
into the tissue, giving the skin a purple-red
discoloration
Pustule – elevation of the skin containing pus
Ulcer – eroded sore on the skin or mucous
membrane
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4-36
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Verruca – circumscribed cutaneous elevation
caused by a virus (wart)
Vesicle – small elevation of the epidermis
containing liquid (blister)
Virus – minute microorganism, much smaller than
bacterium, characterized by a lack of independent
metabolism and the ability to replicate only within
living host cells; may cause infection by invading
body tissue
Wheal = transitory, itchy elevation of the skin with a
white center and a red surrounding area; a wheal is
an individual urticaria (hive)
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4-37
Burn Keloid
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Stage 2 Pressure Ulcer
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Clicker Question
The term which means profuse sweating is
ecchymosis
b) emollient
c) diaphoresis
a)
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4-40
Abbreviations
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BCC – basal cell
carcinoma
Bx - biopsy
CMV = cytomegalovirus
Decub – pressure ulcer
Derm - dermatology
I & D – incision and
drainage
I D - intradermal
SLE – systemic lupus
erythematosus
SqCCA – squamous cell
carcinoma
Staph - staphylococcus
Strep - streptococcus
Subcut - subcutaneous
TD - transdermal
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4-41
Read Medical Terms In Use
Emily visited the dermatology clinic because of
pruritus secondary to dermatitis involving her scalp,
arms, and legs. A diagnosis of psoriasis was made.
Eczema, scabies, and tinea were considered in the
differential diagnosis. An emollient cream was
prescribed. In addition the patient showed the
dermatologist the tender, discolored, thickened nall
of her right great toe. Emily learned she had
onychomycosis, for which she was given an
additional prescription for an oral antifungal drug.
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