Transcript EPA `10 & EU VI Experience & Approach

EPA ‘10 & EU VI
Experience & Approach
Dr. Uwe Zink
Director, Emerging Industry Technologies
Corning Incorporated
April 4, 2011
Agenda
Regulatory framework
Engine technology & calibration approaches
System designs
Certification examples
Enabling framework
Experience to-date
Outlook –future regulations
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Regulatory Landscape
EPA’10 required an 83% NOx reduction compared to 2007
OBD phases in
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Daimler Truck, MTZ Heavy Duty Conference 2009
Observed Engine Technology Approaches
High pressure flexible injection systems
 Unit injector
 Common rail
Cooled EGR
Fixed/WG or VG Turbo
 Single stage
 Dual stage
Turbocompounding
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EPA’10 – EUVI
General Calibration & Emission Control Approaches
EPA’10 Approach:

EPA’07 baseline with DPF

Add DeNOx (SCR) system
EUVI Approach

EUV baseline with SCR

Increased EGR

Add DPF system
US-FTP, NTE, PN

DOC
DOC
DOC
DPF(*)
DPF(*)
DPF(*)
No/min DeNOx
DeNOx
DeNOx
Implicit and very stringent compliance
requirements
(*): Observe wall flow filter in all
EPA’10 systems
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EPA’10 / EUVI Systems
Designs and Design
Considerations
Example of an EPA’10 Emission control system:
-MD & HD application - DOC + DPF + SCR
Cummins, SAE GOT 9/2010
Example of actual
design as on vehicle
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SCR add-on to a 2007 system
http://www.tectrucks.com/assets/carbslideshow_volvo_scr.pdf
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DTNA “One Box” Design & Vehicle Integration
-compact design
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http://www.detroitdiesel.com/emissions/epa2010/economy.aspx, DAG MTZ Heavy Duty Conf 11/2009
System Design and components selection for reduced system
back pressure
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Daimler Truck, MTZ Heavy Duty Conference 2009
Fuel consumption and AdBlue Trade-off
-Optimum provides benefit compared to EPA’07 systems
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Daimler Truck, MTZ Heavy Duty Conference 2009
-Optimum provides benefit compared to EPA’07 systems
-Example shown at ~ 2.5 g/HPh NOx
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Cummins, SAE GOT 9/2010
Thermal Management approach to ensure SCR efficiency over cert
& operating cycle
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Cummins, MinNOx 6/2010, SAE GOT 9/2010
Examples of published EUVI Design
Iveco, ATA Conference 2006
ww.scania.com/Images/P11301EN%20Euro%206%20engines%20ready%20for%20the%20market_240653.pdf, 2011, 13l 440 and 480 HP rating.
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EPA’10 Certification
Examples
Some examples of EPA 2010 NOx Certifications, various OEs
-against Standard of 0.2 g/HPh and individual FELs
NOx
(g/BHPh)
0.5
0.4
0.3
Std: 0.2
0.1
Displ. (l)
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Family Emission Limit
10
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Cert against US FTP
http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/onroad/cert/mdehdehdv/2011/2011.php
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Cert against RMC/SET
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Enabling Framework
Urea/NH3 Delivery
DEF Logistics Building in the US
Home Terminal
Truck Stop
Intermediate Bulk Container (IBCs)
or 2-2.5 gallon Jugs
Fuel island filling
Dealer / Distributor
IBC, 55-gallon drum, 2 gallon jug
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http://www.factsaboutscr.com –SCR101: Getting Ready for EPA2010
DEF Infrastructure
-evolving across North America -currently ~ 3,000 stations
Diesel Exhaust Fluid will soon be sold at over 2,500 locations all over North America.
http://www.detroitdiesel.com/emissions/epa2010/availability.aspx
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AdBlue/DEF Logistics grown substantially in Europe
Stations in Europe (3/29/11):
3587 w/Pumps,
7333 w/Canisters
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http://www.findadblue.com/
Emerging NH3 Systems
The new mixer with revised calibration shows higher efficiency
than without at all points. Point E is 181C; F is 225C.
Inj>180C
Inj>220C
New mixer allows urea injection at T>180C
-Key for thermal management and/or space mitigation
Mixer has low
pressure drop and
high surface area.
4.8% max pressure
drop in ESC (0.25
kPa)
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SwRI, SAE 2010-01-1185
Update on ammonia adsorption SCR
First commercial contract -production trial in 2011.
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Amminex, CTI SCR Conf, 7-10
DPF Aspects
DPF Maintenance Aspects
-addressed already for the EPA’07 systems
Assume low sulfur diesel (<50 ppm) is available
Filter cleaning/service –several concepts
 On-vehicle
-air assisted
 Off-vehicle
-air/liquid
 In workshop
 Centrally
Lube oil: Low SAPS (<1%) oil CJ-4 recommended by OEs
 Still CI-4 (<1.4% SAPS) in use
Filter cleaning intervals depend on duty cycle
 Experience:
 Several applications exceed min. design of 150,000 miles
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SAPS: Sulphated Ash Phosphorus Sulphur
Maintenance & Inspection Guidelines
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EPA’10 Experiences
Generally 5-7% fuel consumption benefits
Observe long DPF regeneration intervals with high NOx/Low PM
-some advertise “no active regeneration”
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http://www.tectrucks.com/assets/carbslideshow_volvo_scr.pdf
Customer feedback on 2010 Systems
–positive throughout the industry (Example shown from Volvo)
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http://www.volvotrucks.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/VTNA_Tree/ILF/Products/2010/09-VTM095_testimonials_041509.pdf
Outlook 2014+
CO2 Regulations emerging
HD CO2/Fuel Consumption Reduction: Different approaches JP: Fuel
consumption, EU: CO2 focus(?), EPA: GHG focus
JP: Fuel cons. -12% vs 2002
Tighter JP Regs (assumption)
EPA CO2e (CO2; N2O, CH4 caps; BC)
Tighter EPA Regs
New EU Regs CO2 (assumption)
2011
2012
2013
2014
DoE SuperTruck
Vehicle fuel eco demo
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
DoE: +50% freight efficiency
Prototype demo
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
ACEA: 20% reduction goal (*)
DAG’s “Shaping Future Transportation” (*)
“Road to Emission Free Mobility (LD & HD)”(*)
CO2/Fuel Eco - Government / OE Initiatives
(*): www.Daimler.com, MTZ 1-’09, http://www.cat.com/sd2009, http://www.deere.com/en_US/globalcitizenship/stewardship/metrics.html
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HD CO2/Fuel Consumption Reduction: Different approaches JP: Fuel
consumption, EU: CO2 focus(?), EPA: CO2 w/cap on GHG
CO2/Fuel Eco - Regulatory Landscape / Assumptions On-Road
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
JP: Fuel cons. -12% vs 2002
EPA
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
JP Regs + (assumption)
EPA CO2e (*)
EPA Regs + (assumption)
Baseline: 2009
Total:
11-16%
30-40%
Vehicle:
5 -10%
15-20%
Engine:
(*) expect cap on N2O, CH4, BC
6%
15-20%
EU Regs CO2 (assumption)
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CO2 & fuel consumptions measures
-Aerodynamics, vehicle weight, engine, tires, drivetrain
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Ref.: Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, April 2010; http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12845.html
Summary
EPA’10 represents tightest emission regulation for commercial vehicle engines today
 Typically met by advanced engine technology and DPF plus SCR systems
While meeting the regulations, OEs offered value to end user via reduced fuel consumption compared to 2007 engines
 Typically higher NOx calibration with SCR DeNOx
 Other engine based approaches observed as well
Urea infrastructure in US is rapidly building
Expect similar system designs for EUVI
 Expect wall flow filter to meet PN regs across the board
Outlook
 OBD next in US 2013
 CO2 regulations coming in 2014 (US), assume EU will follow with CO2
 Expect next round of engine/aftertreatment system evolution
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Thank you for your
kind attention!
Questions are welcome!