Transcript DIY Ballast Training - Universal Lighting Technologies
Universal Lighting Technologies
High Intensity Discharge (HID)
Presented by: Your Name HERE
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HID Family: Universal’s Offering
Universal is the technology leader in every category of HID ballasts covering every lamp application. Universal stocks and delivers ultra-reliable HID ballasts.
Magnetic HID Ballasts:
•Cover all HID lamp types ranging from 35 to 1650 watts including: Metal Halide, Pulse Start Metal Halide and High Pressure Sodium. •Available in dedicated, Tri (120, 277, 347), Quad (120, 208, 240, 277), or Multi-5 (120, 208, 240, 277, 480) voltage ballasts.
•“502K” distributor kit covers tri-tap.
•These replacement kits include all mounting hardware, capacitor, and ignitor ( if needed) in a single box.
Multi-5® Uni-Pak™ HID Ballast and Lamp Replacement Kits (Core and Coil)
•For High Pressure Sodium and Metal Halide lamp types. •Easy ballast replacement kit in one easy-to-carry box.
•Includes all the components of the distributor replacement kits with a 5-tap ballast and a matched lamp. •This kit is also known as the “555.”
HID Lampholders
•Cover the “standard” E26 medium base and E39
mogul base applications
•Have a large lineup of low wattage HID lampholders
as well including GX10, G12, G8.5, and more.
U n i v e r s a l ’ s H I D F a m i l y
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HID Family: Primary Benefits
Magnetic HID Benefits:
Trip tap (120, 277, 347), Quad tap (120, 208, 240, 277) and Multi-5 (120, 208, 240, 277, 480):
Color-coded leads for easier installation.
Simple installation instruction and troubleshooting tips included.
Adjustable mounting brackets for various mounting configurations.
Prewired capacitor (plus ignitor if needed) saves installation time and reduces wiring errors.
High Pressure Sodium Ballasts: These lamp systems provide maximum energy efficiency where color quality is not a primary concern. Available with constant wattage autotransformers and high reactance lag circuit types. Wattages from 35 – 1000.
Probe Start Metal Halide Ballasts: These lamp systems are an efficient lighting source with good color rendering. Universal’s HID ballasts are available for lamps from 175W to 1650W with constant wattage autotransformer circuit type.
Pulse Start Metal Halide Ballasts: These lamp systems provide high efficiency lighting source with good color rendering. Universal’s HID ballasts are available for lamps from 35W to 1000W with constant wattage autotransformers and high reactance lag circuit types. Metal Halide: Pulse Start provides these additional benefits over Probe Start: Better cold starting, improved color rendering, faster warm-up times, shorter re-strike times, cooler operation, and reduced color shift.
Multi-5 Uni-Pak (Ballast/Lamp) Replacement Kit Benefits:
Five taps in one: 120, 208, 240, 277 and 480 volt.
Packages the right ballast and lamp to ensure system compatibility – all in an easy-to carry box.
Multi-5 ballast for the correct voltage every time (120, 208, 240, 277, 480).
Matched lamp to ensure system compatibility.
All mounting hardware and components in one easy to carry box.
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HID Lamps
Three different types:
1.
Mercury (Banned by DOE) 2.
High Pressure Sodium (HPS):
Ceramic arc tube is populated with mercury and sodium vapors under high pressure.
High voltage applied across arc tube causes the vapors to generate an orange/yellow light.
3.
Metal Halide (MH) Family (Standard Metal Halide and Pulse Start Metal Halide):
Arc tube is populated with mercury and metal halide salt gases under high pressure.
High voltage applied across cathode causes the salt atoms to generate UV and visible light.
Bulb wall filters out UV and allows visible light to pass through.
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Pulse Start Arc Tube
One of the key differences between the pulse start metal halide lamp and standard metal halide lamps is that the standard MH lamp has a starting electrode as part of the arc tube.
Removal of this starting electrode improves the efficiency and lighting quality of the lamp.
Because there is no starting electrode, pulse start lamps require the ballast to have an ignitor.
Standard Metal Halide Starting Electrode Pulse Start Metal Halide
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Quartz and Ceramic Metal Halide
Many metal halide lamp wattages are available with quartz or ceramic arc tubes.
– Quartz is the older technology that has typically been installed.
– Ceramic arc tubes provide better color rendering. (Whiter whites!) • Ceramic lamps are available for pulse start lamps only.
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High Pressure Sodium Lamps
High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps are the most efficient type of HID lamp but since their color is not very good, HPS lamps may not be ideal for some applications.
Pulse Start MH lamps also provide very good efficiencies.
Lamp Type
HPS Metal Halide Pulse Start MH Ceramic MH
Lumens per Watt
60-125 60-100 90-115 60-90
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HID Lumen Maintenance
With Magnetic HID ballasts ...
Over the life of an HID lamp, the light output drops off.
HPS
drops off the least, followed by
Pulse Start MH
.
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HID Colors
HID lamps vary in their ability to provide quality “white” lighting. The chart below identifies the lamp color and other attributes. The higher the CRI (color rendering index), the closer the lamp color is to having a full true white color spectrum.
Lamp Type
HPS Metal Halide Pulse Start MH Ceramic MH
Quality
Poor Good Better Best
Color
Orange/Yellow Closer to White Closer to White White
Typical CRI
20 60 60 & 70 80
Ceramic MH provides the highest Color Rendering (CRI) available for HID lamps.
HPS and Mercury provide the lowest CRI. Universal Lighting Technologies | 9
HID Warm-Up & Re-Strike
All HID lamps require time to warm up when initially turned on and have a re-strike delay time when they are inadvertently shut off during operation.
Lamp Type
HPS Metal Halide Ceramic MH Pulse Start MH
Warm-Up Time
3-4 Minutes 2-5 Minutes 2-5 Minutes 2-3 Minutes
Re-Strike Time
<1 Minute 10-20 Minutes 10-20 Minutes 6-10 Minutes
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HID Starting
Some HID lamps require an external ignitor to be used as part of the lighting circuit.
High Pressure Sodium
External Ignitor Required
Pulse Start Metal Halide
External Ignitor Required
When these are required, they are included with the ballast.
Metal Halide
Internal Electrode: No external ignitor required Universal Lighting Technologies | 11
HID End-of-Life
Unlike fluorescent lamps, HID lamps “fail” differently than just extinguishing. They also vary in end-of-life between lamp types.
•
High Pressure Sodium
– Arc voltage rises to a point where ballast cannot sustain it and the lamp repeatedly cycles on and off.
•
Metal Halide
– Similar to mercury, long lamp life but lumen depreciation (reduced light output) dictates usable life.
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HID Lamp ANSI Matrix
Ballast specifications identify the HID lamps that are to be used by their ANSI lamp designations.
This is to prevent compatibility problems in identifying lamp types of the same wattage that require different ballast types.
ANSI Lamp Designation Matrix Lamp Wattage Type Mercury 35 HPS S76 50 H45 H46 S68 70 H43 S62 Standard MH Pulse Start MH M130 M110 M98 M139 Ceramic MH M130 M143 100 H38 H44 S54 150 S55 S56 M140 M142 175 H39 M107 M57 200 S66 250 H37 S50 M58 320 350 400 H33 S51 M59 450 M90 M102 M152 M136 M153 M154 M131 M155 M144 600 750 S106 S111 1000 1500 H36 S52 M47 M149 M141 M48 Notes: H45 is a 40W lamp M130 is a 39W lamp H43 listed in 70W column is actually a 75W lamp M152 175W PSMH replaces M137 175W PSMH M153 250W PSMH replaces M138 250W PSMH M154 320W PSMH replaces M132 320W PSMH M155 400W PSMH replaces M135 400W PSMH
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Magnetic Ballast Circuit Types 1. Reactor (Rx) 2. High Reactance (Lag) 3. Constant Wattage Autotransformer (CWA)
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Reactors (Rx)
Reactor ballasts have a single coil and are designed for a single input voltage.
They are connected with an ignitor to the lamp and can also have a capacitor for power factor correction.
Reactor ballasts perform poorly when the power line fluctuates (poor regulation).
• • • •
Advantages
Single Coil Small Size Good Efficiency Lowest Cost • • • •
Disadvantages
Poor Power Factor Poor Regulation Dip Tolerance 25% Single Voltage Available for Low Wattage MH & HPS 35-150 W Universal Lighting Technologies | 15
High Reactance (Lag)
High Reactance ballasts have two coils and are available with multiple taps for different input voltages.
They are low power factor but can have a capacitor for power factor correction.
•
Advantages
Can be used with any input voltage • •
Disadvantages
Heavier, larger, and more expensive than reactor type Higher losses than reactors
Notes
Used for multi-tap, low wattage HID lamps Performance the same as a reactor Also called HxNPF & HxHpf Capacitor required for High Power Factor Universal Lighting Technologies | 16
Constant Wattage Autotransformer (CWA)
CWA ballasts have two coils and are available with multiple taps for different input voltages. They are high power factor and provide good regulation with the power line.
• • •
Advantages
Better power line regulation High power factor Better voltage dip tolerance • • •
Disadvantages
Higher cost Weight Not as efficient as reactors or electronic HID
Notes
Most common ballast on wattages above 150W.
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Magnetic Ballast Construction Types
1. Core and Coil
Most common type of HID ballast Constructed with one or two coils and steel laminations Available for CWA, High Reactance, and Reactors A wide variety of input voltages are available Ballast is installed in an enclosed fixture housing Capacitor and starter supplied (If needed)
2.
Encased and Potted
Primarily used for indoor downlighting applications where quiet operation is essential. All of the components are enclosed in a fluorescent-style ballast can and are thermally protected.
Available for most lamp types up to 400W Universal Lighting Technologies | 18
Ballast Factor
Unlike fluorescent ballasts, which are offered with a variety of ballast factors, HID ballasts have ballast factors of 1.00.
– Lumens from the lamp are identified by the lamp manufacturer.
• System lumens will take into account lamp lumens and fixture efficiencies.
• Ballasts are not part of the system lumen equation.
– Unique applications may have ballast factors less than 1.00, but these are not very common.
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Temperature Codes
UL Bench Top Rise Ratings
HID ballasts have temperature codes to identify the temperature rises at which they operate.
– The best rating is “A,” which represents the lowest temperature rise – “J” rating has the highest temperature rise Temperature codes are primarily used by the fixture manufacturers during their approval processes.
Replacement products are designed for operation in most applications.
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Capacitors
The majority of HID ballasts use capacitors for lamp current control or power factor correction. These were once available only in metal cans, but many of them are now constructed with plastic housings and are referred to as “dry” capacitors.
Capacitor Ratings:
– Capacitors are rated in microfarads and volts.
– Replacement capacitors must be the same microfarads and equal or higher volts than the capacitor being replaced.
Why choose dry capacitors?
– They are smaller in size.
– The plastic case does not conduct electricity, nor does it require grounding.
– They can operate at higher temperatures, up to 105° C.
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Ignitors
• Many HID lamps require that ignitors (a.k.a. starters) are connected to the lamps to provide an ignition pulse to start the lamp. When ignitors are required, they are shipped along with the ballast. There are different types of ignitors that will provide additional benefits.
Standard Ignitor
– Always comes with the ballast if the lamp requires an ignitor.
• •
Auto Shutoff Ignitor
– Excellent choice when the fixture is in a place that is difficult to maintain. – The ignitor will stop pulsing after a predetermined time to minimize wear on the ballast and the ignitor.
Long Distance
– – For use when the ballast is remote-mounted from the lamp. Standard ignitors are limited from some applications by the distance that they can be mounted from the lamp.
•
Instant Restrike
– For low wattage HPS applications when the need for instant re-strike is required.
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Voltages
Unlike magnetic fluorescent ballasts, many HID ballasts can operate on a variety of input voltages. These ballasts have separate voltage taps, and they require that the input voltage to be connected to the appropriate tap. This benefit allows contractors and distributors to stock fewer ballasts while meeting their requirements.
U.S. HID lighting voltages include 120, 208, 240, 277, and 480 volts.
– Common ballast that meet these are: • • • 5-Tap: 120/208/240/277/480V – covers ALL voltages Quad Tap: 120/208/240/277V 480V w/ 120V tap for standby lighting
Canadian HID lighting voltages include 120, 277, and 347 volts.
– Tri-Tap voltages meet these requirements: 120/277/347V Universal Lighting Technologies | 23
HID Family: Applications
Target Segments
HID ballasts are ideal for a broad range of applications. Target replacement HID ballasts with Facility Managers over multi-location facilities with parking.
– – – – –
HID is commonly used for:
– – Area lighting (e.g. parking) Roadways (e.g. underground roundabouts, tunnels, highways, etc.) Outdoor lighting Highbays Exterior lighting, outdoor wall packs High ceiling downlighting Large indoor areas with high ceilings.
Commercial & Industrial Sites:
Distribution Centers, Warehouses, Factories, etc.
Convention Centers:
Large meeting space, loading warehouse, trade show floor spaces, etc.
Education:
Gymnasiums, parking, etc.
Government / Municipalities:
Large indoor or outdoor public places
Healthcare:
Parking structures for visitors/doctors, large lobby atriums, etc.
Parking Structures, Stations & Garages:
Garage, flood, pedestrian, pole, specialty indoor/outdoor, etc.
Retail:
Grocery stores, convenience stores, shopping center developers, furniture dealers, etc.
Sports Arenas:
Coliseums, Arenas, Stadiums, Athletic Fields, etc.
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HID Family: Quick Cross Reference
Universal’s HID product line covers more lamp types and lamp wattages than most of our competitors. It is interesting to see the “holes” in competitor’s lines where they are limited or have no offering.
Always consult the current spec sheet for details:
http://ultballastspecs.unvlt.com/ Universal Lighting Technologies | 25
For Additional Information, please visit our website www.unvlt.com or use your QR Reader for Smart Phone instant access.
THANK YOU
Website: www.unvlt.com
Nashville Customer Service: (800) 862-8666 Universal Technical Engineering Services: 1-800-BALLAST (1-800-225-5278) Universal Lighting Technologies